bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2023
Abstract
One
of
the
largest
sex
differences
in
brain
neurochemistry
is
male-biased
expression
neuropeptide
arginine
vasopressin
(AVP)
within
vertebrate
social
brain.
Despite
long-standing
implication
AVP
and
anxiety-like
behavior,
precise
circuitry
anatomical
substrate
underlying
its
control
are
still
poorly
understood.
By
employing
optogenetic
manipulation
cells
bed
nucleus
stria
terminalis
(BNST),
we
have
unveiled
a
central
role
for
these
promoting
investigation,
with
more
pronounced
males
relative
to
females.
These
facilitate
male
investigation
behavior
through
their
projections
lateral
septum
(LS),
an
area
highest
density
sexually-dimorphic
fibers.
Blocking
1a
receptor
(V1aR)
LS
eliminated
stimulation-mediated
increases
behaviors.
Together,
findings
establish
distinct
BNST
→
V1aR
circuit
that
modulates
sex-specific
interest
behavior.
Significance
Statement
The
function
Here
test
one
most
consistently
found
brains,
from
terminalis.
Using
techniques,
demonstrate
projection
much
important
driving
than
female
investigation.
studies
make
strong
contribution
understanding
how
sexually
dimorphic
controls
Journal of Neuroendocrinology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
36(2)
Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2024
Abstract
The
hypothalamic
paraventricular
nucleus
(PVN)
is
a
highly
complex
brain
region
that
crucial
for
homeostatic
regulation
through
neuroendocrine
signaling,
outflow
of
the
autonomic
nervous
system,
and
projections
to
other
areas.
In
past
years,
single‐cell
datasets
hypothalamus
have
contributed
immensely
current
understanding
diverse
cellular
composition.
While
PVN
has
been
adequately
classified
functionally,
its
molecular
classification
currently
still
insufficient.
To
address
this,
we
created
detailed
atlas
transcriptomic
cell
types
by
integrating
various
into
recently
published
transcriptome
atlas.
Furthermore,
functionally
profiled
types,
based
on
relevant
literature,
existing
retrograde
tracing
data,
data
PVN‐projection
target
region.
Finally,
validated
our
findings
with
immunofluorescent
stainings.
dataset,
identify
well‐known
different
neuropeptide
each
composed
multiple
novel
subtypes.
We
Avp
‐
Tac1
,
Th
Oxt
Foxp1
Crh
Nr3c1
Trh
Nfib
as
most
important
subtypes
markers
described
in
literature.
characterize
preautonomic
functional
population,
integrated
study
spinally
projecting
neurons
these
(presympathetic)
cocluster
Adarb2
+
clusters
dataset.
Further,
expression
receptors
Penk
Sst
dorsal
motor
vagus,
key
pre‐parasympathetic
project
to.
Ucn3
Brs3
some
centrally
populations.
conclusion,
presents
overview
murine
provides
first
attempt
resolve
functionality
identified
Heliyon,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
10(5), С. e27501 - e27501
Опубликована: Март 1, 2024
Stress
is
a
complex
and
multifaceted
phenomenon
that
can
significantly
influence
both
aggressive
behavior
sexual
function.
This
review
explores
the
intricate
relationship
between
stress,
neuromodulator
pathways,
epigenetics,
shedding
light
on
various
mechanisms
underlie
these
connections.
While
role
of
stress
in
aggression
well-documented,
through
which
it
exerts
its
effects
are
multifarious
not
yet
fully
understood.
The
begins
by
delving
into
potential
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal
(HPA)
axis,
glucocorticoids,
neuromodulators
involved
response.
interplay
systems,
encompasses
regulation
hormones,
central
to
understanding
how
may
contribute
Several
pathways
implicated
regulation.
We
explore
roles
norepinephrine,
serotonin,
oxytocin,
androgens
mediating
It
important
distinguish
general
behavior,
motivation,
distinct
category
"sexual
aggression"
as
separate
constructs,
each
necessitating
specific
examination.
Additionally,
epigenetic
emerge
crucial
factors
link
changes
gene
expression
patterns
and,
subsequently,
behavior.
then
discuss
modifications
occur
response
exposure,
altering
genes
associated
with
aggression,
numerous
studies
support
association
stress-induced
more
research
necessary
establish
definitive
links.
Throughout
this
exploration,
becomes
increasingly
clear
epigenetics
multifaceted.
emphasizes
need
for
further
research,
particularly
context
human
studies,
provide
clinical
significance
validate
existing
findings
from
animal
models.
By
better
influences
function
modifications,
aims
development
innovative
protocols
precision
medicine
effective
strategies
managing
consequences
also
pave
way
risk
underlying
associate
finds
application
only
neuroscience,
but
law,
ethics,
humanities
general.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
121(20)
Опубликована: Май 6, 2024
One
of
the
largest
sex
differences
in
brain
neurochemistry
is
expression
neuropeptide
arginine
vasopressin
(AVP)
within
vertebrate
brain,
with
males
having
more
AVP
cells
bed
nucleus
stria
terminalis
(BNST)
than
females.
Despite
long-standing
implication
social
and
anxiety-like
behaviors,
circuitry
underlying
AVP’s
control
these
behaviors
still
not
well
defined.
Using
optogenetic
approaches,
we
show
that
inhibiting
BNST
reduces
investigation
males,
but
females,
whereas
stimulating
increases
both
sexes,
so
males.
These
may
facilitate
male
through
their
projections
to
lateral
septum
(LS),
an
area
highest
density
sexually
differentiated
innervation
as
stimulation
→
LS
increased
behavior
females;
same
also
caused
a
biphasic
response
ex
vivo.
Blocking
1a
receptor
(V1aR)
eliminated
all
responses.
Together,
findings
establish
role
for
behavior,
likely
mediated
by
LS.
Abstract
Background
Sexual
violence,
a
pervasive
global
issue,
significantly
impacts
individuals
and
societies,
necessitating
deeper
understanding
of
its
underlying
biological
mechanisms.
This
study
aimed
to
elucidate
the
role
stress-induced
dysregulation
hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical
axis
in
sexual
aggression
male
Wistar
rats.
Employing
paradigm,
we
investigated
effects
social
isolation
on
aggression,
anxiety-like
behaviour,
neurochemistry
virgin
adult
Results
The
results
showed
that
escalated
aggressive
behaviours
induced
responses
test
revealed
socially
isolated
males
exhibited
heightened
towards
non-receptive
females.
Neurochemical
analyses
indicated
significant
alterations
key
markers,
such
as
corticotrophin-releasing
hormone,
oxytocin,
arginine
vasopressin,
correlating
with
observed
behavioural
changes.
Gene
expression
findings,
particularly
oxytocin
receptor
(OXTR)
vasopressin
1
A
(AVPR1A)
genes.
Social
duration
behaviour
prior
influenced
OXTR
hippocampus
AVPR1A
both
prefrontal
cortex
hippocampus,
highlighting
complex
interplay
between
environmental
stressors,
neurochemical
responses,
gene
manifestation
behaviour.
Conclusions
underscores
critical
impact
stress
providing
valuable
insights
into
possible
neurobiological
underpinnings
violence.
Understanding
these
mechanisms
is
crucial
for
developing
effective
interventions
mitigate
consequences
aggression.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
26(7), С. 2884 - 2884
Опубликована: Март 22, 2025
This
study
assessed
the
toxicity
and
therapeutic
potential
of
Angelica
dahurica
pubescens
using
Danio
rerio
(zebrafish)
larvae.
Toxicity
was
evaluated
through
mortality,
malformations,
gene
expression
changes
related
to
stress
HPA
axis.
A.
demonstrated
low
(LD50
(50%
lethal
dose)
>200
µg/mL),
with
no
significant
malformations
at
15-30
µg/mL,
although
higher
doses
caused
edemas
heart
defects.
exhibited
toxicity,
100%
mortality
200
µg/mL
severe
malformations.
Both
species
showed
cardiotoxicity,
slowing
rates
after
prolonged
exposure.
Gene
studies
suggested
had
stress-protective
effects,
increasing
nr3c1
expression,
while
dose-dependent
lower
concentrations
having
anxiolytic
properties
stress.
Interestingly,
diazepam
unexpected
changes,
highlighting
influence
environmental
dosage
factors.
In
conclusion,
both
show
for
anxiety,
showing
promising
effects
concentrations.
However,
requires
careful
management
due
its
risks.
Further
are
needed
optimize
applications
fully
understand
mechanisms
action.
Journal of Psychopharmacology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 24, 2025
Background:
Mental
disorders,
including
anxiety
and
depression,
impact
nearly
1
billion
people
worldwide.
Recent
research
has
highlighted
the
potential
of
certain
amphetamine
compounds
in
therapy
psychiatric
with
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine
(MDMA)
emerging
as
a
promising
candidate.
Aim:
This
study
investigates
effects
MDMA
on
social
behaviours
using
3-week-old
zebrafish.
Additionally,
role
oxytocin
regulating
these
was
examined
through
use
an
receptor
agonist
(WAY-267,464)
antagonist
(L-368,899).
Methods:
Behavioural
were
assessed
novel
exploration
test,
light–dark
preference
test
test.
To
explore
underlying
mechanisms,
changes
gene
expression
serotonin,
vasopressin
systems
AKT
EKR1/2
signalling
pathways
analysed.
Results:
Acute
exposure
reduced
thigmotactic
behaviour
increased
index,
indicating
anxiolytic
prosocial
effects.
However,
biphasic
–
lowest
tested
dose
0.5
μM
showed
anxiogenic
As
concentration
increased,
reversed,
peak
at
2.5
μM.
suppressed
serotonin
receptors
(
htr1b
htr2b
)
transporter
scl6a4
genes
while
increasing
oxtra
oxtrb
genes,
decreasing
avpr1aa
expression,
reducing
phosphorylation.
The
mimicked
MDMA’s
effects,
had
no
significant
effect
or
behaviour.
Conclusions:
demonstrates
therapeutic
for
treating
disorders
impairments.
Moreover,
zebrafish
proved
to
be
valuable
model
neurobehavioural
high-throughput
screening
treatments.
