bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2023
Abstract
One
of
the
largest
sex
differences
in
brain
neurochemistry
is
male-biased
expression
neuropeptide
arginine
vasopressin
(AVP)
within
vertebrate
social
brain.
Despite
long-standing
implication
AVP
and
anxiety-like
behavior,
precise
circuitry
anatomical
substrate
underlying
its
control
are
still
poorly
understood.
By
employing
optogenetic
manipulation
cells
bed
nucleus
stria
terminalis
(BNST),
we
have
unveiled
a
central
role
for
these
promoting
investigation,
with
more
pronounced
males
relative
to
females.
These
facilitate
male
investigation
behavior
through
their
projections
lateral
septum
(LS),
an
area
highest
density
sexually-dimorphic
fibers.
Blocking
1a
receptor
(V1aR)
LS
eliminated
stimulation-mediated
increases
behaviors.
Together,
findings
establish
distinct
BNST
→
V1aR
circuit
that
modulates
sex-specific
interest
behavior.
Significance
Statement
The
function
Here
test
one
most
consistently
found
brains,
from
terminalis.
Using
techniques,
demonstrate
projection
much
important
driving
than
female
investigation.
studies
make
strong
contribution
understanding
how
sexually
dimorphic
controls
In
modern
human
societies,
social
interactions
and
pro-social
behaviours
are
associated
with
better
individual
collective
health,
reduced
mortality,
increased
longevity.
Conversely,
isolation
is
a
predictor
of
shorter
lifespan.
The
biological
processes
through
which
sociality
affects
the
ageing
process,
as
well
healthspan
lifespan,
still
poorly
understood.
Unveiling
physiological,
neurological,
genomic,
epigenomic,
evolutionary
mechanisms
underlying
association
between
longevity
may
open
new
perspectives
to
understand
how
lifespan
determined
in
broader
socio/evolutionary
outlook.
Here
we
summarize
evidence
showing
dynamics
can
shape
evolution
life
history
traits
physiological
genetic
directly
or
indirectly
related
We
start
by
reviewing
theories
that
incorporate
into
their
model.
Then,
address
link
from
two
separate
points
view:
(i)
considering
evidences
comparative
biology
bioanthropology
demonstrates
contributes
natural
variation
over
course
among
different
groups
both
pre-industrial
post-industrial
society,
(ii)
discussing
main
genetic,
epigenetic
molecular
at
interface
ageing.
highlight
exposure
chronic
stressors
deregulates
neurophysiological
immunological
pathways
promotes
accelerated
thereby
reducing
conclusion,
describe
intimately
embedded
biology,
influencing
healthy
need
foster
interdisciplinary
approaches
including
sciences,
anthropology,
ecology,
physiology,
genetics.
Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
19, С. 100236 - 100236
Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2024
Neuroendocrine
analyses
of
posttraumatic
stress
disorder
(PTSD)
have
generally
focused
on
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
(HPA)
axis
alterations.
In
the
present
analyses,
we
examine
two
additional
neuroendocrine
factors
that
been
previously
implicated
in
biological
responses:
oxytocin
(OT)
and
arginine
vasopressin
(AVP).
Here
examined
basal
neuropeptide
status
military
veterans
clinically
diagnosed
with
PTSD
(n
=
29)
non-traumatized
comparison
groups
previous
exposure
11
SWAT
trainees
n
21
ultramarathon
runners).
patients
showed
low
levels
plasma
OT
high
AVP.
The
ratio
AVP/OT
robustly
related
to
status,
emerged
as
a
statistically
plausible
mediator
relationships
between
number
personal
traumatic
experiences
subsequent
symptom
burden.
Over
course
behavioral
therapy
for
PTSD,
measures
significant
but
modest
normalization.
Plasma
cortisol
were
not
different
among
three
groups.
This
study
suggests
ratios
may
represent
predictor
severe
well
potential
treatment
response
biomarker.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Biological Series,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
69(2), С. 120 - 133
Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2024
In
experiments
on
male
Wistar
rats,
the
effect
of
synthetic
derivatives
arginine-vasopressin
(tetrapeptides
N-Ac-DSer-Pro-DArg-Gly-NH
2
(I)
(1.0
μg/kg,
i.
n.),
N-Ac-Trp
-Pro-Arg-Gly-NH
(II)
n.)
dynamics
level
anxiety
(LA)
and
ability
to
reproduce
operant
reactions
(OR)
against
background
24-hour
deprivation
paradoxical
phase
sleep
(REM
deprivation)
in
rats.
Statistically,
N-Ac-Trp-Pro-Arg-Gly-NH
significantly
(
p
<
0.05)
reduced
LA
rats
exposed
stress,
increasing
proportion
individuals
population
that
had
spent
time
central
square
actometer
chamber
not
less
than
10
%
total
duration
actometry.
The
oligopeptide
a
statistically
significant
corrective
developed
OR
pressing
pedal
rodents
(Wistar
an
unranked
with
low
LA)
subjected
REM
deprivation.
Thus,
both
studied
compounds
did
cause
cognitive
impairment,
N-Ac-DSer-ProDArg-Gly-NH
improved
mnestic
functions
results
assessing
general
motor
activity
indicated
absence
side
sedative
effects
I
μg/kg)
II
μg/kg
‒
at
dose
causes
anxiolytic
when
administered
).
data
obtained
indicate
N-Ac-Trp-Pro-Arg-GlyNH
,
positive
mnemotropic
likelihood
developing
relation
nervous
system
their
applications.
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Май 28, 2024
Background
Given
its
putative
roles
in
mediating
prosocial
behavior,
attachment
bonds,
and
stress
physiology,
oxytocin
modulation
has
been
hypothesized
to
be
a
biological
correlate
of
the
salubrious
effects
meditation
practice.
Here
we
investigated
month-long
silent
retreat
on
changes
oxytocin,
related
hormone
vasopressin,
relation
psychosocial
style,
anxiety,
personality
measures,
feelings
social
connectedness
with
fellow
meditators.
Methods
Plasma
vasopressin
self-report
questionnaires
were
measured
participants
(
n
=
28)
at
beginning
of,
3
weeks
into,
residential
retreat.
Control
34),
who
similar
age,
gender,
experience,
also
assessed
across
3-week
interval.
Linear
mixed
models
used
assess
outcomes.
Results
The
group
showed
small
but
significant
decrease
compared
controls
no
change.
In
group,
higher
openness
experience
Time
1
predicted
greater
reductions
during
retreat,
lower
2
was
stronger
personal
connection
not
style
or
anxiety.
Vasopressin
decreased
over
time
both
groups,
suggesting
specific
effect
Conclusion
These
preliminary
findings
suggest
that
training
context
may
reduce
circulating
levels
oxytocin.
We
interpret
this
finding
from
multiple
theoretical
perspectives,
discussing
key
measurement
limitations
proposing
future
study
designs
help
differentiate
different
practices
contexts
signaling.
Research Square (Research Square),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2024
Abstract
Vertebrates,
including
humans
exhibit
a
wide
range
of
social
behaviors
that
are
crucial
for
the
adaptation
and
survival
most
species.
The
brain
organization
function
shaped
by
genetic
environmental
factors,
although
their
precise
contributions
have
been
poorly
explored
in
context
artificial
selection.
We
used
divergent
lines
quail
selected
on
high
versus
low
level
motivation
to
approach
group
conspecifics
(S+
S-,
respectively)
investigate
influence
selection
early
environment
sociability.
observed
distinct
sex-
brain-region-specific
expression
patterns
three
neuronal
markers:
mesotocin,
vasotocin,
avian
homologues
mammalian
oxytocin
vasopressin,
as
well
aromatase,
enzyme
converts
androgens
into
estrogens.
These
markers
displayed
pronounced
neuroanatomically
specific
differences
between
S+
S-
quail.
Additionally,
we
assessed
skills
adolescent
birds.
Mixing
resulted
more
males
approaching
without
affecting
sociability
or
other
behaviors,
suggesting
may
results
In
conclusion,
offer
valuable
model
unraveling
behavioral
mechanisms
underlying
behaviors.
Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2024
Many
species,
including
humans
exhibit
a
wide
range
of
social
behaviors
that
are
crucial
for
the
adaptation
and
survival
most
species.
Brain
organization
function
shaped
by
genetic
environmental
factors,
although
their
precise
contributions
have
been
relatively
understudied
in
context
artificial
selection.
We
used
divergent
lines
quail
selected
on
high
versus
low
level
motivation
to
approach
group
conspecifics
(S
+
S-,
respectively)
investigate
influence
selection
early
environment
sociability.
observed
distinct
sex-
brain-region-specific
expression
patterns
three
neuronal
markers:
mesotocin,
vasotocin,
avian
homologues
mammalian
oxytocin
vasopressin,
as
well
aromatase,
enzyme
converts
androgens
into
estrogens.
These
markers
displayed
pronounced
neuroanatomically
specific
differences
between
S
S-
quail.
Additionally,
second
experiment,
we
assessed
skills
juvenile
birds.
Mixing
resulted
more
males
approaching
without
affecting
sociability
or
other
behaviors,
suggesting
may
results
In
conclusion,
offer
valuable
model
unraveling
behavioral
mechanisms
underlying
behaviors.
