A global map of local climate zones to support earth system modelling and urban-scale environmental science

Earth system science data, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(8), С. 3835 - 3873

Опубликована: Авг. 29, 2022

Abstract. There is a scientific consensus on the need for spatially detailed information urban landscapes at global scale. These data can support range of environmental services, since cities are places intense resource consumption and waste generation concentrated infrastructure human settlement exposed to multiple hazards natural anthropogenic origin. In face climate change, also required explore future urbanization pathways design strategies in order lock long-term resilience sustainability, protecting from decisions that could undermine their adaptability mitigation role. To serve this purpose, we present 100 m-resolution map local zones (LCZs), universal typology distinguish areas holistic basis, accounting typical combination micro-scale land covers associated physical properties. The LCZ map, composed 10 built 7 cover types, generated by feeding an unprecedented number labelled training earth observation images into lightweight random forest models. Its quality assessed using bootstrap cross-validation alongside thematic benchmark 150 selected functional independent open-source surface cover, imperviousness, building height, heat. As each type with generic numerical descriptions key canopy parameters regulate atmospheric responses urbanization, availability globally consistent climate-relevant description important prerequisite supporting model development creating evidence-based climate-sensitive planning policies. This dataset be downloaded https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6364594 (Demuzere et al., 2022a).

Язык: Английский

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Land surface and air temperature dynamics: The role of urban form and seasonality

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 905, С. 167306 - 167306

Опубликована: Сен. 22, 2023

Due to the scarcity of air temperature (Ta) observations, urban heat studies often rely on satellite-derived Land Surface Temperature (LST) characterise near-surface thermal environment. However, there remains a lack quantitative understanding how LST differs from Ta within areas and what are controlling factors their interaction. We use crowdsourced measurements in Sydney, Australia, combined with landscape data, Local Climate Zones (LCZ), high-resolution satellite imagery, machine learning explore influence form fabric interaction between LST. Results show that have distinct spatiotemporal characteristics, relationship by season, ecological infrastructure, building morphology. found greater seasonal variability compared Ta, along more pronounced intra-urban spatial LST, particularly warmer seasons. also observed difference built environment natural LCZs, especially during warm days. Natural LCZs (areas mostly dense scattered trees) showed stronger LST-Ta relationships areas. In particular, we observe higher density (where vulnerability is likely pronounced) insignificant or negative LST- summer. Our results indicate surface cover, distance ocean, seasonality significantly distribution hot cold spots for Ta. The does not always overlap find relying solely as direct proxy inappropriate, densely built-up These findings provide new perspectives canopy temperatures these relate fabric.

Язык: Английский

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Evidence of horizontal urban heat advection in London using six years of data from a citizen weather station network

Environmental Research Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 17(4), С. 044041 - 044041

Опубликована: Март 9, 2022

Recent advances in citizen weather station (CWS) networks, with data accessible via crowd-sourcing, provide relevant climatic information to urban scientists and decision makers. In particular, CWS can long-term measurements of heat valuable on spatio-temporal heterogeneity related horizontal advection. this study, we make the first compilation a quasi-climatologic dataset covering six years (2015-2020) hourly near-surface air temperature obtained 1560 suitable domain south-east England Greater London. We investigated distribution influences local environments climate, captured by through scope Local Climate Zones (LCZ)-a land-use land-cover classification specifically designed for climate studies. further calculate, time, amount advected located London wider south east region. find that is average warmer about 1.0 ∘C-1.5 ∘C than rest England. Characteristics southern coastal are also analysis. average, advection (UHA) contributes 0.22 ± 0.96 total Certain areas, mostly centre deprived since transferred more downwind suburban areas. UHA positively contribute up 1.57 ∘C, negatively down -1.21 ∘C. Our results show an important degree inter- intra-LCZ variability UHA, calling research future. Nevertheless, already impact green areas reduce their cooling benefit. Such outcomes added value when considering future design.

Язык: Английский

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Spatial configuration of green space matters: Associations between urban land cover and air temperature

Landscape and Urban Planning, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 249, С. 105121 - 105121

Опубликована: Май 28, 2024

Язык: Английский

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The potential of urban trees to reduce heat-related mortality in London

Environmental Research Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(5), С. 054004 - 054004

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2024

Increasing temperatures and more frequent heatwave events pose threats to population health, particularly in urban environments due the heat island (UHI) effect. Greening, particular planting trees, is widely discussed as a means of reducing exposure associated mortality cities. This study aims use data from personal weather stations (PWS) across Greater London Authority understand how vary according tree canopy coverage estimate heat-health impacts London's trees. Data Netatmo PWS 2015-2022 were cleaned, combined with official Met Office temperatures, spatially linked built environment data. A generalized additive model was used predict daily average under different scenarios for historical projected future summers, subsequent health estimated. Results show areas higher have lower maximum daytime 0.8 °C minimum 2.0 top decile versus bottom during 2022 heatwaves. We that forest helped avoid 153 attributable deaths (including 16 excess heatwaves), representing around 16% UHI-related mortality. 10% in-line strategy would reduced by further 10%, while maximal it 55%. By 2061-2080, RCP8.5, we current can help an additional 23 heat-attributable year, increasing this 131. Substantial benefits also be seen carbon storage sequestration. support part wider public effort mitigate high temperatures.

Язык: Английский

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Urban Climate Informatics: An Emerging Research Field

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10

Опубликована: Май 2, 2022

The scientific field of urban climatology has long investigated the two-way interactions between cities and their overlying atmosphere through in-situ observations climate simulations at various scales. Novel research directions now emerge recent advancements in sensing communication technologies, algorithms, data sources. Coupled with rapid growth computing power, those augment traditional methods provide unprecedented insights into atmospheric states dynamics. emerging introduced discussed here as Urban Climate Informatics (UCI) takes on a multidisciplinary approach to analyses by synthesizing two established domains: informatics. UCI is rapidly evolving that advantage four technological trends answer contemporary challenges cities: advances sensors, improved digital infrastructure (e.g., cloud computing), novel sources crowdsourced or big data), leading-edge analytical algorithms platforms machine learning, deep learning). This paper outlines history development UCI, reviews methodological advances, highlights applications benefit from datasets.

Язык: Английский

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Unequal distributions of crowdsourced weather data in England and Wales

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2024

Abstract Personal weather stations (PWS) can provide useful data on urban climates by densifying the number of measurements across major cities. They do so at a lower cost than official national meteorological services. Despite increasing use PWS data, little attention has yet been paid to underlying socio-economic and environmental inequalities in coverage. Using social deprivation, demographic, indicators England Wales, we characterize existing current coverage PWS. We find that there are fewer more deprived areas which also observe higher proportions ethnic minorities, vegetation coverage, building height surface fraction, inhabitants under 65 years old. This implies climate may be less reliable or uncertain particular areas, limit potential for adaptation empowerment those communities.

Язык: Английский

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Lack of vegetation exacerbates exposure to dangerous heat in dense settlements in a tropical African city

Environmental Research Letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 17(2), С. 024004 - 024004

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2022

Abstract Both climate change and rapid urbanization accelerate exposure to heat in the city of Kampala, Uganda. From a network low-cost temperature humidity sensors, operational 2018–2019, we derive daily mean, minimum maximum Humidex order quantify explain intra-urban stress variation. This temperature-humidity index is shown be heterogeneously distributed over city, with mean Index deviation 1.2 ∘ C on average. The largest difference between coolest warmest station occurs 16:00 17:00 local time. Averaged whole observation period, this 6.4 stations, reaches 14.5 most extreme day. heterogeneity also translates occurrence heat, other parts world put populations at risk great discomfort or health danger. One dense settlement reports > 40 68% days, level which was never reached nearby campus Makerere University, only few times outskirts. Large differences are explained by satellite earth products. Normalized Difference Vegetation has highest (75%) power predict variations stress, but strong collinearity found variables like impervious surface fraction population density. Our results have implications for urban planning one hand, highlighting importance greening, management recommending use accounting large heat-prone districts action plans tropical humid cities.

Язык: Английский

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Transformational IoT sensing for air pollution and thermal exposures

Frontiers in Built Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 8

Опубликована: Окт. 24, 2022

Cities today encounter significant challenges pertaining to urbanization and population growth, resource availability, climate change. Concurrently, unparalleled datasets are generated through Internet of Things (IoT) sensing implemented at urban, building, personal scales that serve as a potential tool for understanding overcoming these issues. Focusing on air pollution thermal exposure in cities, we reviewed summarized the literature IoT environmental human scales, presenting first integrated assessment solutions from data convergence perspective all three scales. We identified there is lack guidance what measure, where how frequently standards acceptable measurement quality application. The current review disconnect between applications each scale. Currently, research primarily considers scale isolation, leading underutilization. addressed scientific technological opportunities related across detailed future directions along with short- long-term engineering needs. application integration information opens up possibility developing comfort models. development models vital promising area offers advancements relationship environment people requires further research.

Язык: Английский

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Automatic quality control of weather data for timely decisions in agriculture

Smart Agricultural Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 8, С. 100445 - 100445

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2024

Weather data from automated stations installed in rural areas are crucial to plan agricultural operations. Yet, they prone measurement errors, which can result poor planning of these operations and cause a negative impact on the environment economic losses for farmers. Given increasing volumes weather recorded by automatic stations, algorithms required detect implausible values help ensure quality that data. The goal this research was propose an control method, designed with context mind, eight variables. Air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, global radiation, rainfall, leaf wetness duration, soil temperature air grass were measured at minute hourly time step Belgian network twenty-eight stations. developed checks verified missing data, range, temporal consistency, spatial consistency internal consistency. New specific developed, especially detection partially clogged rain gauges, series zero speed sequences, combs saturation humidity too low level duration. In design checks, particular attention paid quick as activities rely near real-time observations. To evaluate performances, original quantitative method proposed, complemented study cases. performed well all algorithm able missed human operators. Performing enabled errors not spotted step. Depending variable, detected between 92.6 % 100 values, but raised false alarms rates ranging 2.7 33.3 %, depending variable. It implies need supervision flagged system avoid deleting, instance, extreme plausible values. Further directions include reducing alarm designing robust check differentiate snow melting gauge rains.

Язык: Английский

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