Cenozoic topography, monsoons and biodiversity conservation within the Tibetan Region: An evolving story

Plant Diversity, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 42(4), С. 229 - 254

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2020

The biodiversity of the Himalaya, Hengduan Mountains and Tibet, here collectively termed Tibetan Region, is exceptional in a global context. To contextualize understand origins this biotic richness, its conservation value, we examine recent fossil finds review progress understanding orogeny Region. We deep-time monsoons affecting Asia, climate variation over different timescales, establishment environmental niche heterogeneity linked to topographic development. modern were established Eocene, concurrent with formation pronounced relief across High (>4 km) mountains north south what now Plateau bounded Paleogene central lowland (<2.5 hosting moist subtropical vegetation influenced by an intensifying monsoon. In mid Miocene times, before Himalaya reached their current elevation, sediment infilling compressional tectonics raised floor valley above 3000 m, but Tibet was still enough, low host warm temperate angiosperm-dominated woodland. After 15 Ma, cooling, further rise rain shadow cast growing progressively led more open, herb-rich as high plateau formed cool, dry climate. monsoonal Mountains, spatially extensive since Eocene subsequently deeply dissected river incision, Neogene cooling depressed tree line, compressed altitudinal zonation, created strong heterogeneity. This served cradle for then newly-evolving alpine biota favoured diversity within thermophilic at lower elevations. has survived through combination minimal Quaternary glaciation, complex relief-related great antiquity Region argues conservation, importance that demonstrated our insights into long temporal gestation provided archives information written surviving genomes. These data sources are worthy own right, living inventory need ask it want conserve. Is 1) individual taxa intrinsic properties, 2) services functioning ecosystems, or 3) capacity generate future new biodiversity? If 2 3 goal landscape scale required, not just seed banks botanical/zoological gardens.

Язык: Английский

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Evolutionary origin of species diversity on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 59(6), С. 1142 - 1158

Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2021

Abstract The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) sensu lato ( sl ) houses an exceptional species diversity in Asia. To develop a comprehensive understanding of this fascinating region, we reviewed recent progress from biogeographic, paleogeographic, paleontological and genomic research both plants animals the QTP . Numerous studies have been conducted to examine whether uplift triggered production rich there, Quaternary “unified ice sheet” eliminated on central plateau how high‐altitude developed extreme environment adaptations. Major disputes arose about first issue, mainly different circumscriptions related uplift, inaccurate dating molecular phylogenetic trees, non‐causal correlations between diversification. is spatially temporally heterogeneous, abundant fossils reported recently similarly support such asynchronous upheaval model across entire region. Available phylogeographic alpine suggested their glacial refugia , rejecting unified sheet during Last Glacial Maximum. Genomic evidence limited number has identified numerous candidate genes for adaptation. In future, more should be focused speciation adaptation mechanisms based cutting‐edge methods.

Язык: Английский

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Spatiotemporal maintenance of flora in the Himalaya biodiversity hotspot: Current knowledge and future perspectives

Ecology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(16), С. 10794 - 10812

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2021

Mountain ecosystems support a significant one-third of all terrestrial biodiversity, but our understanding the spatiotemporal maintenance this high biodiversity remains poor, or at best controversial. The Himalaya hosts complex mountain ecosystem with topographic and climatic heterogeneity harbors one world's richest floras. species endemism, together increasing anthropogenic threats, has qualified as most global hotspots. complexity makes it an ideal natural laboratory for studying mechanisms floral exchange, diversification, distributions. Here, we review literature pertaining to in order generate concise synthesis origin, distribution, climate change responses Himalayan flora. We found that supports rich Hengduan Mountains supplied majority elements, which subsequently diversified from late Miocene onward, create today's relatively endemicity Himalaya. Further, uncover links between diversification joint effect geological upheavals There is marked variance regarding dispersal, elevational gradients, impact among plant Himalaya, highlights some general trends recent advances on these aspects. Finally, provide recommendations conservation planning future research. Our work could be useful guiding research important will also new insights into underpinning other systems.

Язык: Английский

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Sedimentary ancient DNA reveals a threat of warming-induced alpine habitat loss to Tibetan Plateau plant diversity

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Май 20, 2021

Abstract Studies along elevational gradients worldwide usually find the highest plant taxa richness in mid-elevation forest belts. Hence, an increase upper elevation diversity is expected course of warming-related treeline rise. Here, we use a time-series approach to infer past from sedimentary ancient DNA south-eastern Tibetan Plateau over last ~18,000 years. We total during cool phase after glacier retreat when area contained extensive and diverse alpine habitats (14–10 ka); followed by decline forests expanded warm early- mid-Holocene (10–3.6 ka). Livestock grazing since 3.6 ka promoted only weakly. Based on these inferred dependencies, our simulation yields substantive decrease response habitat loss next centuries. Accordingly, efforts biodiversity conservation should include conclusions palaeoecological evidence.

Язык: Английский

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Predicting the potential habitat suitability of Saussurea species in China under future climate change using the optimized Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model

Journal of Cleaner Production, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 474, С. 143552 - 143552

Опубликована: Сен. 4, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Inferring the evolutionary history of the Sino-Himalayan biodiversity hotspot using a Bayesian birth–death skyline model

Geological Society London Special Publications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 549(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2024

The current status of the Sino-Himalayan region as a biodiversity hotspot, particularly for flora, has often been linked to uplift Sino-Tibetan Plateau and Himalayan Hengduan Mountains. However, relationship between topological development onset diversification is yet be confirmed. Here, we apply Bayesian phylodynamic methods large phylogeny angiosperm species from Sino-Himalayas infer changes in their rates evolution through time. We find strong evidence high Paleocene, late Miocene Pliocene, negative Quaternary driven by an increase extinction rates. Our analyses suggest that global palaeotemperatures are unlikely driving force these rate shifts. Instead, collision Indian continent with Eurasia coeval topographic change Sino-Himalayas, Grassland Expansion impact Pleistocene glaciations on this altitudinally variable may have also demonstrate influence choice times shape inferred piecewise-constant trajectories phylodynamics, advocate use prior information when making decision.

Язык: Английский

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Rapid radiation of a plant lineage sheds light on the assembly of dry valley biomes

Molecular Biology and Evolution, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2025

Abstract Southwest China is characterized by high plateaus, large mountain systems, and deeply incised dry valleys formed major rivers their tributaries. Despite the considerable attention given to alpine plant radiations in this region, timing mode of diversification numerous valley lineages remain unknown. To address knowledge gap, we investigated macroevolution Isodon (Lamiaceae), a lineage commonly distributed southwest wetter areas Asia Africa. We reconstructed robust phylogeny encompassing nearly 90% approximately 140 extant species using transcriptome genome-resequencing data. Our results suggest rapid radiation during Pliocene that coincided with habit shift from herbs shrubs habitat humid valleys. The shrubby growth form likely acted as preadaptation allowing for movement into these Ecological analyses highlight drought-related factors key drivers influencing niche preferences different forms richness Isodon. interplay between topography development East Asian monsoon since middle Miocene contributed formation biome China. This study enhances our understanding evolutionary dynamics ecological shaping distinctive flora reveals strategies employed montane plants response climate change dryland expansion, thus facilitating conservation efforts globally.

Язык: Английский

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Phylogenetic regionalization of the Pan‐Himalayan vascular flora

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025

Abstract Pan‐Himalaya, including Himalaya and its neighboring areas, hosts a rich unique flora that is crucial for understanding the evolutionary history of mountainous biodiversity. Phylogenetic regionalization can provide novel insights into biodiversity distribution patterns their formation mechanisms. In this study, based on comprehensive species data species‐level phylogenetic tree, we propose scheme Pan‐Himalayan vascular comprising 15 zones, which be grouped five floristic subregions three regions (i.e., West Himalayan [WH], Southeast [SEH], Northeast [NEH] regions). Our results reveal SEH NEH are closely clustered, then with WH region. The floras these exhibit distinct histories structures. region presents phylogenetically clustered Euro‐Mediterranean affinities highest uniqueness. has richness diversity, most especially at higher elevations, displaying clustering. contrast, exhibits overdispersed flora, characterized by harboring species‐rich families tropical, temperate, alpine distributions, as well relict plant lineages. This study provides valuable informs development effective conservation strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Identifying priorities under highly heterogeneous environments through species distribution models to facilitate orchid conservation

Biodiversity and Conservation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 33(2), С. 647 - 665

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Diversifying in the mountains: spatiotemporal diversification of frogs in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot

Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 78(4), С. 701 - 715

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2024

Abstract Mountain ranges are hotspots of biodiversity. However, the mechanisms that generate biodiversity patterns in different mountainous regions and taxa not apparent. The Western Ghats (WG) escarpment India is a globally recognized hotspot with high species richness endemism. Most studies have either invoked paleoclimatic conditions or climatic stability southern WG refugium to explain this diversity factors driving macroevolutionary change remain unexplored for most taxa. Here, we generated comprehensive dated phylogeny date ranoid frogs tested role events influencing frog diversification. We found clades accumulated at constant rate through time underwent decrease speciation rates around 3–2.5 Ma during Pleistocene glaciation cycles. also find no significant difference diversification estimates across elevational gradients three broad biogeographic zones (northern, central, WG). time-for-speciation explained regional within clades, wherein older lineages more extant diversity. Overall, global had little impact on throughout its early history until Quaternary may been climatically stable allowing accumulate persist over evolutionary time.

Язык: Английский

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