Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 15(9), С. 505 - 522

Опубликована: Июль 31, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Inflammaging: a new immune–metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 14(10), С. 576 - 590

Опубликована: Июль 25, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Male sex identified by global COVID-19 meta-analysis as a risk factor for death and ITU admission

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 9, 2020

Abstract Anecdotal evidence suggests that Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, exhibits differences in morbidity and mortality between sexes. Here, we present a meta-analysis of 3,111,714 reported global cases to demonstrate that, whilst there is no difference proportion males females with confirmed COVID-19, male patients have almost three times odds requiring intensive treatment unit (ITU) admission (OR = 2.84; 95% CI 2.06, 3.92) higher death 1.39; 1.31, 1.47) compared females. With few exceptions, sex bias observed COVID-19 worldwide phenomenon. An appreciation how influencing outcomes will important implications for clinical management mitigation strategies this disease.

Язык: Английский

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Immunological considerations for COVID-19 vaccine strategies

Nature reviews. Immunology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 20(10), С. 615 - 632

Опубликована: Сен. 4, 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the most formidable challenge to humanity in a century. It widely believed that prepandemic normalcy will never return until safe and effective vaccine strategy becomes available global vaccination programme implemented successfully. Here, we discuss immunological principles need be taken into consideration development of COVID-19 strategies. On basis these principles, examine current candidates, their strengths potential shortfalls, make inferences about chances success. Finally, scientific practical challenges faced process developing successful ways which strategies may evolve over next few years. This Review outlines guiding for design analyses landscape ahead.

Язык: Английский

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Why does COVID-19 disproportionately affect older people?

Aging, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(10), С. 9959 - 9981

Опубликована: Май 29, 2020

The severity and outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) largely depends on a patient's age. Adults over 65 years age represent 80% hospitalizations have 23-fold greater risk death than those under 65. In the clinic, COVID-19 patients most commonly present with fever, cough dyspnea, from there can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, lung consolidation, cytokine release endotheliitis, coagulopathy, multiple organ failure death. Comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes obesity increase chances fatal but they alone do not explain why is an independent factor. Here, we molecular differences between young, middle-aged older people that may mild illness in some life-threatening others. We also discuss several biological clocks could be used conjunction genetic tests identify both mechanisms individuals at risk. Finally, based these mechanisms, treatments survival people, simply by inhibiting virus, restoring patients' ability clear infection effectively regulate immune responses.

Язык: Английский

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The Continuum of Aging and Age-Related Diseases: Common Mechanisms but Different Rates

Frontiers in Medicine, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 5

Опубликована: Март 12, 2018

Geroscience, the new interdisciplinary field that aims to understand relationship between aging and chronic age-related diseases (ARDs) geriatric syndromes (GSs), is based on epidemiological evidence experimental data major risk factor for such pathologies assumes ARDs/GSs share a common set of basic biological mechanisms. A consequence primary target medicine combat instead any single ARD/GSs one by one, as favored fragmentation into hundreds specialties sub-specialties. If same molecular cellular mechanisms underpin both ARDs/GSs, question emerges: which difference, if any, ARDs/GSs? The hypothesis ARDs GSs frailty can be conceptualized accelerated will discussed analyzing in particular frailty, sarcopenia, obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, neurodegenerative Alzheimer Parkinson well Down syndrome an example progeroid syndrome. According this integrated view, become part continuum where precise boundaries do not exist two extremes are represented centenarians, who largely avoided or postponed most characterized decelerated aging, patients suffered more severe their 60s, 70s, 80s show signs respectively. In these extremes, there intermediate trajectories representing sort gray area. Thus, clinically different, classical are, indeed, result peculiar combinations alterations regarding same, limited shared with process. Whether individual follow trajectory depend his/her genetic background interacting lifelong environmental lifestyle factors. manifestations it urgent identify markers capable distinguishing chronological age subjects at higher developing GSs. To aim, we propose use DNA methylation, N-glycans profiling, gut microbiota composition complement available disease-specific markers.

Язык: Английский

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Immune Function and Micronutrient Requirements Change over the Life Course

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 10(10), С. 1531 - 1531

Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2018

As humans age, the risk and severity of infections vary in line with immune competence according to how system develops, matures, declines. Several factors influence its competence, including nutrition. A bidirectional relationship among nutrition, infection immunity exists: changes one component affect others. For example, distinct features present during each life stage may type, prevalence, infections, while poor nutrition can compromise function increase risk. Various micronutrients are essential for immunocompetence, particularly vitamins A, C, D, E, B2, B6, B12, folic acid, iron, selenium, zinc. Micronutrient deficiencies a recognized global public health issue, nutritional status predisposes certain infections. Immune be improved by restoring deficient recommended levels, thereby increasing resistance supporting faster recovery when infected. Diet alone insufficient tailored micronutrient supplementation based on specific age-related needs necessary. This review looks at considerations stage, consequent infection, requirements exhibited over course, available evidence regarding effects infection.

Язык: Английский

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How the ageing microenvironment influences tumour progression

Nature reviews. Cancer, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 20(2), С. 89 - 106

Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Impact of Vaccines; Health, Economic and Social Perspectives

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Июль 14, 2020

In the 20th century, development, licensing and implementation of vaccines as part large, systematic immunisation programmes started to address health inequities existed in world. However, at time writing, access that prevent life-threatening infectious diseases remains unequal all infant, children adults This is a problem many individuals agencies are working hard globally., As clinicians biomedical scientists we often focus on benefits provide, prevention ill-health death from certain pathogens. Here discuss health, economic social have been identified studied recent years, impacting regions age groups. After learning emergence SARS-CoV-2 virus December 2019, its potential for global dissemination cause COVID-19 disease was realised, there an urgent need develop unprecedented rate scale. appreciate quantify society, should endeavour communicate this public policy makers, benefit endemic, epidemic pandemic diseases. .

Язык: Английский

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Measuring biological aging in humans: A quest

Aging Cell, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 19(2)

Опубликована: Дек. 12, 2019

Abstract The global population of individuals over the age 65 is growing at an unprecedented rate and expected to reach 1.6 billion by 2050. Most older are affected multiple chronic diseases, leading complex drug treatments increased risk physical cognitive disability. Improving or preserving health quality life these challenging due a lack well‐established clinical guidelines. Physicians often forced engage in cycles “trial error” that centered on palliative treatment symptoms rather than root cause, resulting dubious outcomes. Recently, geroscience challenged this view, proposing underlying biological mechanisms aging central increase susceptibility disease disability occurs with aging. In fact, strong correlations have recently been revealed between dimensions phenotypes typical aging, especially autophagy, mitochondrial function, cellular senescence, DNA methylation. Current research focuses measuring pace identify who “aging faster” test develop interventions could prevent delay progression multimorbidity Understanding how connect impact longitudinal changes trajectories offers unique opportunity resilience mechanisms, their dynamic changes, stress responses. Harnessing evoke control successful lead writing new chapter human medicine.

Язык: Английский

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