Microglia Phenotypes in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Cells, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(13), С. 2091 - 2091

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2022

Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and plays fundamental role in mediating the onset progression disease. Microglia, which function as first-line immune guardians central nervous system (CNS), are drivers neuroinflammation. Numerous human postmortem studies vivo imaging analyses have shown chronically activated microglia patients with various acute chronic neuropathological diseases. While microglial activation common feature NDs, exact pathological states complex often contradictory. However, there consensus that play biphasic conditions, detrimental protective phenotypes, overall response different phenotypes depends on nature duration inflammatory insult, well stage disease development. This review provides comprehensive overview current research responses health, aging, special emphasis heterogeneous phenotypic such hemorrhagic stroke (HS), Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD). The primary focus translational preclinical animal models bulk/single-cell transcriptome samples. Additionally, this covers key receptors signaling pathways potential therapeutic targets to regulate during aging NDs. age-, sex-, species-specific differences will be briefly reviewed.

Язык: Английский

---

Morphology of Microglia Across Contexts of Health and Disease

Methods in molecular biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер unknown, С. 13 - 26

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2019

Язык: Английский

---

Inflammatory mechanisms in neurodegeneration

Journal of Neurochemistry, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 149(5), С. 562 - 581

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2019

This review discusses the profound connection between microglia, neuroinflammation, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Theories have been postulated, tested, modified over several decades. The findings further bolstered belief that microglia-mediated inflammation is both a product contributor to AD pathology progression. Distinct microglia phenotypes their function, microglial recognition response protein aggregates in AD, overall role of are areas received considerable research attention yielded significant results. following article provides historical perspective detailed discussion multiple including dark number where intersect with other pathological neurological processes. breadth important discoveries achieved these significantly strengthens hypothesis neuroinflammation plays key AD. Future determination exact mechanisms by which respond to, attempt mitigate, aggregation may lead new therapeutic strategies.

Язык: Английский

---

Principles of Hyperspectral Microscope Imaging Techniques and Their Applications in Food Quality and Safety Detection: A Review

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 18(4), С. 853 - 866

Опубликована: Май 1, 2019

Abstract Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) techniques play an important role in the food industry for providing rapid, nondestructive, and chemical‐free detection method, whereas a microscope can provide detailed information about microstructure of item. As emerging spectroscopy technique, hyperspectral (HMI) technique combines advantages HSI with microscopic has been gradually applied industry. This review introduces principles different kinds HMI techniques, such as fluorescence HMI, visible/near‐infrared Raman infrared HMI. Moreover, applications are summarized, including evaluation structures nutrients, microorganisms residues. On other hand, some challenges future trends these also discussed. It is concluded that by integrating microscopy, not only both spectral spatial substances but their chemical at molecular or cellular level. Therefore, have great potentials nondestructive residues

Язык: Английский

---

Ultrastructural evidence of microglial heterogeneity in Alzheimer’s disease amyloid pathology

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2019

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by deposition of extracellular fibrillar amyloid β (fΑβ) and intracellular accumulation neurofibrillary tangles. As AD progresses, Aβ drives a robust prolonged inflammatory response via its recognition microglia, brain's immune cells. Microglial reactivity to fAβ plaques may impair their normal surveillance duties, facilitating synaptic loss neuronal death, as well cognitive decline in AD.In current study, we performed correlative light, transmission, scanning electron microscopy provide insights into microglial structural functional heterogeneity. We analyzed cell bodies processes areas containing dystrophy, dystrophy only, or appearing healthy, among hippocampus CA1 14-month-old APPSwe-PS1Δe9 mice versus wild-type littermates.Our quantitative analysis revealed that model were larger displayed ultrastructural signs cellular stress, especially nearby plaques. overall less phagocytic mice. However, they contained increased materials non-empty inclusions proximal also reduced association with space pockets debris. In addition, healthy subregions encircled elements more often compared plaque-associated processes. These observations qualitatively replicated post-mortem hippocampal samples from two patients (Braak stage 5).Together, our findings identify at level distinct transformations mouse human pathology.

Язык: Английский

---

Analyzing microglial phenotypes across neuropathologies: a practical guide

Acta Neuropathologica, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 142(6), С. 923 - 936

Опубликована: Окт. 8, 2021

As extremely sensitive immune cells, microglia act as versatile watchdogs of the central nervous system (CNS) that tightly control tissue homeostasis. Therefore, microglial activation is an early and easily detectable hallmark virtually all neuropsychiatric, neuro-oncological, neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative neuroinflammatory diseases. The recent introduction novel high-throughput technologies several single-cell methodologies well advances in epigenetic analyses helped to identify new expression profiles, enhancer-landscapes local signaling cues defined diverse previously unappreciated states healthy diseased CNS. Here, we give overview on developments field biology provide a practical guide analyze disease-associated phenotypes both murine human CNS, morphological molecular levels. Finally, technical limitations, potential pitfalls data misinterpretations are discussed well.

Язык: Английский

---

3D cellular reconstruction of cortical glia and parenchymal morphometric analysis from Serial Block-Face Electron Microscopy of juvenile rat

Progress in Neurobiology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 183, С. 101696 - 101696

Опубликована: Сен. 21, 2019

With the rapid evolution in automation of serial electron microscopy life sciences, acquisition terabyte-sized datasets is becoming increasingly common. High resolution block-face imaging (SBEM) biological tissues offers opportunity to segment and reconstruct nanoscale structures reveal spatial features previously inaccessible with simple, single section, two-dimensional images. In particular, we focussed here on glial cells, whose reconstruction efforts literature are still limited, compared neurons. We imaged a 750,000 cubic micron volume somatosensory cortex from juvenile P14 rat, 20 nm accuracy. recognized total 186 cells using their nuclei, classified them as neuronal or based soma processes. reconstructed for first time 4 almost complete astrocytes neurons, microglia pericytes, including intracellular mitochondria, nuclei 213 myelinated axons. then performed quantitative analysis three-dimensional models. Out data that generated, observed neurons have larger which correlated lesser density, pericytes higher surface ratio, other cell types. All morphologies represent an important resource computational neuroscientists, morphological information can be inferred, tune simulations take into account compartmentalization different

Язык: Английский

---

Label-free adaptive optics imaging of human retinal macrophage distribution and dynamics

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 117(48), С. 30661 - 30669

Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2020

Significance Microglia, a type of macrophage, were discovered little more than century ago by Pío del Río-Hortega. Since that time, we have gained an immense amount knowledge on their origin and multifaceted function with the aid labeling techniques animal models, among other tools. Only recently macrophage cells been imaged in living humans. Here characterize spatial distribution temporal dynamics live human eyes using label-free adaptive optics imaging approach. This investigation lays foundation to better understand body’s immune response not only ocular diseases like glaucoma, but also vast array neurological manifestations, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s multiple sclerosis.

Язык: Английский

---

Microglia heterogeneity and neurodegeneration: The emerging paradigm of the role of immunity in Alzheimer's disease

Journal of Neuroimmunology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 341, С. 577185 - 577185

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2020

Язык: Английский

---

Brain Ultrastructure: Putting the Pieces Together

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9

Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2021

Unraveling the fine structure of brain is important to provide a better understanding its normal and abnormal functioning. Application high-resolution electron microscopic techniques gives us an unprecedented opportunity discern details parenchyma at nanoscale resolution, although identifying different cell types their unique features in two-dimensional, or three-dimensional images, remains challenge even experts field. This article provides insights into how identify central nervous system, based on nuclear cytoplasmic features, amongst other characteristics. From basic distinction between neurons supporting cells, glia, differences subcellular compartments, organelles interactions, ultrastructural analyses can changes function during aging disease conditions, such as stroke, neurodegeneration, infection trauma. Brain composed dense mixture neuronal glial bodies, together with intertwined processes. Intracellular components that vary become altered disease, relate nucleoplasmic density, heterochromatin pattern, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum Golgi complex, lysosomes, neurosecretory vesicles, cytoskeletal elements (actin, intermediate filaments, microtubules). Applying immunolabeling visualize membrane-bound intracellular proteins cells appreciation subtle these across contexts health disease. Together, our observations reveal simple be used specific types, status, functional relationships brain.

Язык: Английский

---