EAACIMolecular Allergology User's Guide 2.0

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 34(S28)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2023

Abstract Since the discovery of immunoglobulin E (IgE) as a mediator allergic diseases in 1967, our knowledge about immunological mechanisms IgE‐mediated allergies has remarkably increased. In addition to understanding immune response and clinical symptoms, allergy diagnosis management depend strongly on precise identification elicitors reaction. past four decades, innovations bioscience technology have facilitated production well‐defined, highly pure molecules for component‐resolved (CRD), allowing personalized disease individual patients. The first edition “EAACI Molecular Allergology User's Guide” (MAUG) 2016 rapidly became key reference clinicians, scientists, interested readers with background allergology, immunology, biology, medicine. Nevertheless, field molecular allergology is moving fast, after 6 years, new EAACI Taskforce was established provide an updated document. Guide 2.0 summarizes state‐of‐the‐art information allergen molecules, their relevance, application diagnostic algorithms practice. It designed both, clinicians guiding health care professionals through overwhelming list different available testing. Further, it provides relevance allergenic gives overview basic test formats, tests measure exposure.

Язык: Английский

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Non‐specific lipid‐transfer proteins: Allergen structure and function, cross‐reactivity, sensitization, and epidemiology

Clinical and Translational Allergy, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(3)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2021

Discovered and described 40 years ago, non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTP) are present in many plant species play an important role protecting plants from stressors such as heat or drought. In the last 20 years, sensitization to nsLTP consequent reactions foods has become increasing concern.The aim of this paper is review evidence for structure function allergens, cross-reactivity, sensitization, epidemiology allergy.A Task Force, supported by European Academy Allergy & Clinical Immunology (EAACI), reviewed current provide a signpost future research. The search terms were "Non-specific Lipid Transfer Proteins", "LTP syndrome", "Pru p 3", "plant food allergy", "pollen-food syndrome".Most allergens have highly conserved stabilised 4-disulphide bridges. Studies on peach nsLTP, Pru 3, demonstrate that nsLTPs very cross-reactive, with four major IgE epitopes 3 being shared other botanically related fruits. These varying degrees resistant digestion, may occur through oral, inhaled cutaneous routes. some populations, primary sole sensitizing allergen, but poly-sensitised both un-related foods, non-food sources Cannabis sativa, Platanus acerifolia, (plane tree), Ambrosia artemisiifolia (ragweed) Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort). Initially, appeared be limited Mediterranean countries, however more recent studies suggest clinically relevant occurs North Atlantic regions also countries Northern Europe, sensitisation profiles broadly similar.These robust potential sensitize provoke symptoms large number including those which raw, cooked processed. It unknown why sensitized individuals develop clinical whereas others do not, indeed what besides sensitising allergens. clear these non-Mediterranean populations there needs recognition this.Non-specific LTP wide variety pollens, structurally so raw foods. More needed understand routes world-wide prevalence associated complex

Язык: Английский

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Pathogenesis-Related Proteins (PRs) with Enzyme Activity Activating Plant Defense Responses

Plants, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(11), С. 2226 - 2226

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2023

Throughout evolution, plants have developed a highly complex defense system against different threats, including phytopathogens. Plant depends on constitutive and induced factors combined as mechanisms. These mechanisms involve signaling network linking structural biochemical defense. Antimicrobial pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are examples of this mechanism, which can accumulate extra- intracellular space after infection. However, despite their name, some PR present at low levels even in healthy plant tissues. When they face pathogen, these PRs increase abundance, acting the first line Thus, play key role early events, reduce damage mortality caused by pathogens. In context, review will discuss response proteins, been identified PRs, with enzymatic action, enzymes, β-1,3 glucanase, chitinase, peroxidase ribonucleases. From technological perspective, we advances last decade applied to study important events higher

Язык: Английский

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Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins: An overview

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 171, С. 115 - 127

Опубликована: Дек. 30, 2021

Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are usually defined as small, basic proteins, with a wide distribution in all orders of higher plants. Structurally, nsLTPs contain conserved motif eight cysteines, linked by four disulphide bonds, and hydrophobic cavity which the ligand is housed. This structure confers stability enhances ability to bind transport variety molecules. Their highly structural resemblance but low sequence identity reflects ligands they can carry, well broad biological functions to, such membrane stabilization, cell wall organization signal transduction. In addition, have also been described essential resistance biotic abiotic stresses, plant growth development, seed germination. Hence, there growing interest this family for their critical roles development many unresolved questions that need be clarified, regarding subcellular localization, capacity, expression profile, function, evolution.

Язык: Английский

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Allergens and their associated small molecule ligands—their dual role in sensitization

Allergy, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 76(8), С. 2367 - 2382

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2021

Abstract Many allergens feature hydrophobic cavities that allow the binding of primarily small‐molecule ligands. Ligand‐binding specificities can be strict or promiscuous. Serum albumins from mammals and birds assume multiple conformations facilitate a broad spectrum compounds. Pollen plant food family 10 pathogenesis‐related proteins bind variety small molecules such as glycosylated flavonoid derivatives, flavonoids, cytokinins, steroids in vitro. However, their natural ligand was reported to highly specific. Insect mammalian lipocalins transport odorants, pheromones, catecholamines, fatty acids with similar level specificity, while allergen β‐lactoglobulin cow's milk is notably more Non‐specific lipid transfer pollen foods wide lipids, phospholipids acids, well sterols prostaglandin B2, aided by high plasticity flexibility displayed lipid‐binding cavities. Ligands increase stability thermal and/or proteolytic degradation. They also act immunomodulatory agents favor Th2 polarization. In summary, ligand‐binding expose immune system biologically active compounds whose impact on sensitization process has not been studied thus far.

Язык: Английский

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How Do Pollen Allergens Sensitize?

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9

Опубликована: Июнь 16, 2022

Plant pollen is one of the main sources allergens causing allergic diseases such as rhinitis and asthma. Several in plant are panallergens which also present other allergen sources. As a result, sensitized individuals may experience food allergies. The mechanism sensitization development inflammation consequence interaction with large number molecular factors that often acting complex compounds, for example low-molecular-mass ligands, contribute to induction type 2-driven response immune system. In this review, special attention paid not only properties but an important role their lipids hydrophobic molecules sensitization. reactions epithelial cells lining nasal bronchial mucosa immunocompetent will be considered, particular mechanisms activation B T lymphocytes formation allergen-specific antibody responses.

Язык: Английский

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Lipophilic Allergens, Different Modes of Allergen-Lipid Interaction and Their Impact on Asthma and Allergy

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2019

Molecular allergology research has provided valuable information on the structure and function of single allergenic molecules. There are several allergens in food inhalant allergen sources that able to interact with lipid ligands via different structural features: hydrophobic pockets, cavities, or specialized domains. For only a few these their associated is already available. Several clinically relevant, so it highly probable individual features which they lipids have direct effect potential, thus allergy development. some evidence for protective delaying enzymatic digestion peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Ara h 8 (hydrophobic pocket), probably allowing this molecule get intestinal immune system intact (sensitization). Oleosins from part storage organelles potential marker severity allergic reaction. House dust mite (HDM), more often asthma than other allergens. In particular, lipid-associated Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Der p 2, 5, 7, 13, 14, 21 been reported be severe reactions respiratory symptoms such as asthma. The exact mechanism interaction still elucidated. Apart glycolipids shown directly induce inflammation. Several-in parts conflicting-data exist (and allergen) toll-like receptor interactions. mechanistic studies were performed air-liquid interface lungs, particular surfactant components SP-A SP-D. increasing knowledge protein-lipid-interaction lipophilic basis structure, capacity integral membranes (like oleosins), ability membranes, components, transport transfer proteins) essential eventually clarify

Язык: Английский

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Molecular approach to a patient’s tailored diagnosis of the oral allergy syndrome

Clinical and Translational Allergy, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 16, 2020

Oral allergy syndrome (OAS) is one of the most common IgE-mediated allergic reactions. It characterized by a number symptoms induced exposure oral and pharyngeal mucosa to allergenic proteins belonging class 1 or 2 food allergens. OAS occurring when patients sensitized pollens are exposed some fresh plant foods has been called pollen (PFAS). In wake PFAS, several different associations sources have progressively proposed syndromes. Molecular allergology shown that these based on IgE co-recognition taking place between homologous allergens present in sources. addition, molecular approach reveals involved also responsible for systemic reactions, as case Bet v 1-related proteins, lipid transfer gibberellin regulated proteins. Therefore, presence convincing history OAS, it becomes crucial perform patient's tailored molecule-based diagnosis order identify individual sensitization profile. This information allows prediction possible cross-reactions with molecules contained other assessment risk developing more severe basis features which patient sensitized. this context, we aimed provide an overview relevant their involvement clinical onset OAS. The value personalized analyzed discussed.

Язык: Английский

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The key to the allergenicity of lipid transfer protein (LTP) ligands: A structural characterization

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 1866(7), С. 158928 - 158928

Опубликована: Март 24, 2021

Plant lipid transfer proteins are a large family that can be found in all land plants. They have hydrophobic cavity allows them to harbor lipids and facilitates their traffic between membranes. However, humans, this plant protein is responsible for the main food allergies Mediterranean area. Nevertheless, not only itself but also its ligand relevant allergic sensitization. The aim of present work analyse natural ligands carried by four allergenic LTPs (Tri 14, Art v 3, Par j 2, Ole e 7), compared with previously identified Pru p 3 (CPT-PHS ligand), clarify role within immunological reactions. Results showed studied shared chemical identity, which presence polar head was essential protein-ligand binding. This transported through skin cellular model, phosphorylated phytosphingosine could detected as result cell metabolism. Since sphingosine kinase 1 overexpressed keratinocytes incubated LTP-ligand complex, enzyme might phosphorylation fraction CPT-PHS ligand. way, phytosphingosine-1-phosphate mimicking human inflammatory mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate, explaining why associated more severe responses. In conclusion, contributes understanding nature behavior allergens, would help gain insight into during

Язык: Английский

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Lipid Transfer Proteins (LTPs)—Structure, Diversity and Roles beyond Antimicrobial Activity

Antibiotics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10(11), С. 1281 - 1281

Опубликована: Окт. 21, 2021

Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are among the most promising plant-exclusive antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). They figure challenging AMPs from point of view their structural diversity, functions and biotechnological applications. This review presents a current picture LTP research, addressing not only structural, evolutionary further predicted functional aspects. Traditionally, LTPs have been identified by direct isolation biochemical techniques, whereas omics data bioinformatics deserve special attention for potential to bring new insights. In this context, possible revealing that actually multipurpose, with many additional roles. Despite some challenges due toxicity allergenicity LTPs, systematic search in patent databases, indicate perspectives use human health also plant defense.

Язык: Английский

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