International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(12), С. 6750 - 6750
Опубликована: Июнь 19, 2024
The
management
of
advanced
bladder
carcinoma
involves
a
multidisciplinary
approach,
but
the
prognosis
remains
poor
for
many
patients.
immune
system
plays
crucial
role
in
this
disease,
influencing
both
tumor
development
and
response
to
treatment,
exploiting
against
can
be
valuable
strategy
destroy
neoplastic
cells.
This
is
biological
principle
underlying
Bacillus
Calmette-Guérin
(BCG)
use
and,
more
recently,
checkpoint
inhibitors
(ICIs),
like
PD-1
(programmed
death-1)/PD-L1
death-ligand
1)
inhibitors.
In
fact,
one
best
studied
checkpoints
represented
by
PD-1/PD-L1
axis,
which
well-known
escape
adopted
PD-L1
expression
has
been
associated
with
higher
pathologic
stage
shown
prognostic
value
carcinoma.
Interestingly,
high-grade
cancers
tend
express
levels
PD-L1,
suggesting
potential
such
an
axis
mediating
disease
progression.
Immunotherapy
therefore
emerged
as
treatment
option
efficacy
cancer
patients,
high
better
responses.
Our
review
aims
provide
comprehensive
overview
cancer,
focusing
on
its
implications
decisions
prediction
response.
Overall,
our
work
contribute
understanding
predictive
biomarker
highlight
shaping
therapeutic
approaches
cancer.
Cancer Cell International,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
22(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2022
Abstract
Recently,
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors
(ICIs)
therapy
has
become
a
promising
therapeutic
strategy
with
encouraging
outcomes
due
to
their
durable
anti-tumor
effects.
Though,
tumor
inherent
or
acquired
resistance
ICIs
accompanied
treatment-related
toxicities
hamper
clinical
utility.
Overall,
about
60–70%
of
patients
(e.g.,
melanoma
and
lung
cancer)
who
received
show
no
objective
response
intervention.
The
mainly
caused
by
alterations
in
the
microenvironment
(TME),
which
turn,
supports
angiogenesis
also
blocks
cell
antitumor
activities,
facilitating
cells'
evasion
from
host
immunosurveillance.
Thereby,
it
been
supposed
validated
that
combination
other
means,
ranging
chemoradiotherapy
targeted
therapies
as
well
cancer
vaccines,
can
capably
compromise
blocked
therapy.
Herein,
we
have
focused
on
benefits
groundbreaking
approach
context
immunotherapy
deliver
an
overview
concerning
influences
addition
modalities
circumvent
ICIs.
Cancer Cell International,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
23(1)
Опубликована: Авг. 11, 2023
Abstract
Lung
cancer
continues
to
be
the
leading
cause
of
cancer-related
death
worldwide.
In
last
decade,
significant
advancements
in
diagnosis
and
treatment
lung
cancer,
particularly
NSCLC,
have
been
achieved
with
help
molecular
translational
research.
Among
hopeful
breakthroughs
therapeutic
approaches,
advances
targeted
therapy
brought
most
successful
outcomes
NSCLC
treatment.
therapy,
antagonists
target
specific
genes,
proteins,
or
microenvironment
tumors
supporting
growth
survival.
Indeed,
can
managed
by
blocking
genes
related
tumor
cell
progression
without
causing
noticeable
damage
normal
cells.
Currently,
efforts
focused
on
improving
aspects
regarding
encouraging
quality
life
patients.
Treatment
for
is
changing
rapidly
due
pace
scientific
Accordingly,
this
updated
study
aimed
discuss
antigens
comprehensively
therapy-related
agents
NSCLC.
The
current
also
summarized
available
clinical
trial
studies
Cancer Communications,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
43(5), С. 525 - 561
Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2023
Abstract
Tumor
development
and
metastasis
are
facilitated
by
the
complex
interactions
between
cancer
cells
their
microenvironment,
which
comprises
stromal
extracellular
matrix
(ECM)
components,
among
other
factors.
Stromal
can
adopt
new
phenotypes
to
promote
tumor
cell
invasion.
A
deep
understanding
of
signaling
pathways
involved
in
cell‐to‐cell
cell‐to‐ECM
is
needed
design
effective
intervention
strategies
that
might
interrupt
these
interactions.
In
this
review,
we
describe
microenvironment
(TME)
components
associated
therapeutics.
We
discuss
clinical
advances
prevalent
newly
discovered
TME,
immune
checkpoints
immunosuppressive
chemokines,
currently
used
inhibitors
targeting
pathways.
These
include
both
intrinsic
non‐autonomous
TME:
protein
kinase
C
(PKC)
signaling,
Notch,
transforming
growth
factor
(TGF‐β)
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
(ER)
stress
response,
lactate
Metabolic
reprogramming,
cyclic
GMP–AMP
synthase
(cGAS)–stimulator
interferon
genes
(STING)
Siglec
also
recent
Programmed
Cell
Death
Protein
1
(PD‐1),
Cytotoxic
T‐Lymphocyte
Associated
4
(CTLA4),
T‐cell
immunoglobulin
mucin‐3
(TIM‐3)
Lymphocyte
Activating
Gene
3
(LAG3)
checkpoint
along
with
C‐C
chemokine
receptor
(CCR4)‐
class
chemokines
22
(CCL22)/
17
(CCL17),
type
2
(CCR2)‐
(C‐C
motif)
ligand
(CCL2),
5
(CCR5)‐
(CCL3)
axis
TME.
addition,
review
provides
a
holistic
TME
as
three‐dimensional
microfluidic
models
believed
recapitulate
original
characteristics
patient
hence
may
be
platform
study
mechanisms
screen
for
various
anti‐cancer
therapies.
further
systemic
influences
gut
microbiota
reprogramming
treatment
response.
Overall,
comprehensive
analysis
diverse
most
critical
highlighting
newest
preclinical
studies
underlying
biology.
highlight
importance
technologies
microfluidics
lab‐on‐chip
research
present
an
overview
extrinsic
factors,
such
inhabitant
human
microbiome,
have
potential
modulate
biology
drug
responses.
Diagnostics,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
13(2), С. 243 - 243
Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2023
Cervical
cancer
still
poses
a
significant
global
challenge.
Developed
countries
have
mitigated
this
challenge
by
the
introduction
of
structured
screening
programmes
and,
more
recently,
HPV
vaccine.
Countries
that
successfully
introduced
national
vaccination
are
on
course
for
cervical
elimination
in
few
decades.
In
developing
lack
and
programmes,
remains
major
cause
morbidity
mortality.
The
vaccine
is
key
to
addressing
disproportionate
distribution
incidence,
with
much
be
gained
from
increasing
coverage
uptake
globally.
This
review
covers
history
science
vaccine,
its
efficacy,
effectiveness
safety,
some
considerations
challenges
posed
achievement
consequent
cancer.
Journal of Molecular Medicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
102(6), С. 733 - 750
Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2024
Abstract
The
accumulation
of
senescent
cells
within
tissues
is
a
hallmark
the
aging
process.
Senescent
are
also
commonly
present
in
many
age-related
diseases
and
cancer
microenvironment.
escape
abnormal
from
immune
surveillance
indicates
that
there
some
defect
function
cytotoxic
cells,
e.g.,
CD8
+
T
natural
killer
(NK)
cells.
Recent
studies
have
revealed
expression
programmed
death-ligand
1
(PD-L1)
protein
abundantly
increased
An
increase
amount
PD-L1
protects
clearance
by
PD-1
checkpoint
receptor
In
fact,
activation
suppresses
properties
NK
promoting
state
immunosenescence.
inhibitory
PD-1/PD-L1
pathway
acts
cooperation
with
immunosuppressive
cells;
for
example,
can
enhance
differentiation
regulatory
(Treg),
myeloid-derived
suppressor
(MDSC),
M2
macrophages,
whereas
cytokines
secreted
stimulate
protein.
Interestingly,
signaling
pathways
known
to
promote
cellular
senescence
process
crucial
stimulators
protein,
epigenetic
regulation,
inflammatory
mediators,
mTOR-related
signaling,
cGAS-STING
pathway,
AhR
signaling.
It
seems
axis
has
role
thus
it
promotes
tissues.
Thus,
blockade
might
be
potential
anti-aging
senolytic
therapy.
Key
messages
accumulate
during
diseases.
able
Expression
markedly
increases
Age-related
stimulates
Inhibitory
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(11), С. 6141 - 6141
Опубликована: Июнь 2, 2024
The
mammalian
target
of
rapamycin
(mTOR)
is
a
pivotal
regulator,
integrating
diverse
environmental
signals
to
control
fundamental
cellular
functions,
such
as
protein
synthesis,
cell
growth,
survival,
and
apoptosis.
Embedded
in
complex
network
signaling
pathways,
mTOR
dysregulation
implicated
the
onset
progression
range
human
diseases,
including
metabolic
disorders
diabetes
cardiovascular
well
various
cancers.
also
has
notable
role
aging.
Given
its
extensive
biological
impact,
prime
therapeutic
for
addressing
these
conditions.
development
inhibitors
proven
advantageous
numerous
research
domains.
This
review
delves
into
significance
signaling,
highlighting
critical
components
this
intricate
that
contribute
disease.
Additionally,
it
addresses
latest
findings
on
their
clinical
implications.
emphasizes
importance
developing
more
effective
next-generation
with
dual
functions
efficiently
pathways.
A
comprehensive
understanding
will
enable
strategies
managing
diseases
associated
dysregulation.
