The Role of M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovitis

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Май 19, 2022

Innate and adaptive immunity represent a harmonic counterbalanced system involved in the induction, progression, possibly resolution of inflammatory reaction that characterize autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs), including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although immunopathophysiological mechanisms ARDs are not fully clarified, they often associated with an inappropriate macrophage/T-cell interaction, where classical (M1) or alternative (M2) macrophage activation may influence occurrence T-helper (Th)1 Th2 responses. In RA patients, M1/Th1 occurs environment dominated by Toll-like receptor (TLR) interferon (IFN) signaling, it promotes massive production pro-inflammatory cytokines [i.e., tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-12, IL-18, IFNγ], chemotactic factors, matrix metalloproteinases resulting osteoclastogenesis, erosion, progressive joint destruction. On other hand, M2/Th2 response determines release growth factors IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, transforming factor (TGF)-β] anti-inflammatory process leading to clinical remission RA. Several subtypes macrophages have been described. Five polarization states from M1 M2 confirmed vitro studies analyzing morphological characteristics, gene expression phenotype markers (CD80, CD86, TLR2, TLR4, CD206, CD204, CD163, MerTK), functional aspect, reactive oxygen species (ROS). An imbalance induce pathological consequences contribute several diseases, such as asthma osteoclastogenesis patients. addition, dynamic includes presence intermediate polarity stages distinguished specific surface production/release distinct molecules (i.e., nitric oxide, cytokines), which their state. This suggests "continuum" playing important role during inflammation its resolution. review discusses importance delicate M1/M2 different phases together identification pathways, cytokines, chemokines involved, outcomes The analysis these aspects could shed light on abnormal activation, novel therapeutical approaches restore balance.

Язык: Английский

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Macrophage polarization: an important role in inflammatory diseases

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2024

Macrophages are crucial cells in the human body's innate immunity and engaged a variety of non-inflammatory reactions. can develop into two kinds when stimulated by distinct internal environments: pro-inflammatory M1-like macrophages anti-inflammatory M2-type macrophages. During inflammation, activated alternatively, maintaining reasonably steady ratio is critical for homeostasis

Язык: Английский

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Non-mutational neoantigens in disease

Nature Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(1), С. 29 - 40

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Emerging role of gut microbiota in autoimmune diseases

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Май 3, 2024

Accumulating studies have indicated that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in onset of autoimmune diseases by engaging complex interactions with host. This review aims to provide comprehensive overview existing literatures concerning relationship between and diseases, shedding light on interplay microbiota, host immune system. Furthermore, we aim summarize impacts potential mechanisms underlie primarily focusing systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren’s syndrome, type 1 diabetes mellitus, ulcerative colitis psoriasis. The present will emphasize clinical significance applications interventions based as innovative adjunctive therapies for diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Unraveling the Complexities of Toll-like Receptors: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Applications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(9), С. 5037 - 5037

Опубликована: Май 5, 2024

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are vital components of the innate immune system, serving as first line defense against pathogens by recognizing a wide array molecular patterns. This review summarizes critical roles TLRs in surveillance and disease pathogenesis, focusing on their structure, signaling pathways, implications various disorders. We discuss intricacies TLRs, including ligand specificity, cascades, functional consequences activation. The involvement infectious diseases, autoimmunity, chronic inflammation, cancer is explored, highlighting potential therapeutic targets. also examine recent advancements TLR research, such development specific agonists antagonists, application immunotherapy vaccine development. Furthermore, we address challenges controversies surrounding research outline future directions, integration computational modeling personalized medicine approaches. In conclusion, represent promising frontier medical with to significantly impact novel strategies for range diseases.

Язык: Английский

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The Air We Breathe: Air Pollution as a Prevalent Proinflammatory Stimulus Contributing to Neurodegeneration

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 15

Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2021

Air pollution is regarded as an important risk factor for many diseases that affect a large proportion of the human population. To date, accumulating reports have noted particulate matter (PM) closely associated with course cardiopulmonary disorders. As incidence Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), and autoimmune disorders risen world’s population aging, there increasing interest in environmental health hazards, mainly air pollution, which has been slightly overlooked one plausible detrimental stimuli contributing to neurodegenerative onset progression. Epidemiological studies indicated noticeable association between exposure PM neurotoxicity, gradually confirmed by vivo vitro studies. After entering body directly through olfactory epithelium or indirectly passing respiratory system into circulatory system, pollutants are subsequently able reach brain. Among potential mechanisms underlying particle-induced effects periphery central nervous (CNS), increased oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, microglial activation, disturbance protein homeostasis, ultimately, neuronal death often postulated concomitantly coincide main pathomechanisms processes. Other complementary could mediate neurotoxicity contribute neurodegeneration remain unconfirmed. Furthermore, question how strong proven substantial adverse factors etiologies remains unsolved. This review highlights research advances regarding issue emphasis on markers, symptoms, damage CNS. Poor quality insufficient knowledge its toxicity justify conducting scientific investigations understand biological impact context various types neurodegeneration.

Язык: Английский

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Curcumin and Curcuma longa Extract in the Treatment of 10 Types of Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 31 Randomized Controlled Trials

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2022

Objective To evaluate the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Curcumin and Curcuma longa Extract in treatment autoimmune diseases. Methods Databases such as Embase, Web Science, PubMed The Cochrane Library were searched from database establishment to February 2022 collect RCTs Then literature was screened data extracted. Meta-analysis performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total 34 records included, involving 31 10 types disease. Among them, ankylosing spondylitis (AS) involves one RCT, Behcet ‘s disease (BD) Crohn two RCTs, multiple sclerosis (MS) oral lichen planus six psoriasis rheumatoid arthritis (RA) five systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) arteritis ulcerative colitis (UC) nine RCTs. most (UC), planus, RA showed that curcumin extracts improved clinical or laboratory results. ‘ s disease, MS, SLE, included RCTs; they all improvements (at least RCT reported outcomes). AS, BD only results improvement. However, due small number patients involved each there is still a need for more high-quality Conclusion had good efficacy Psoriasis, UC RA, so could be used above diseases future. did not show while Takayasu arteritis, CD report sufficient meta-analysis. Therefore, large-sample, multi-center are needed revision validation.

Язык: Английский

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Noncoding RNA (ncRNA)-mediated regulation of TLRs: critical regulator of inflammation in tumor microenvironment

Medical Oncology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 42(5)

Опубликована: Март 31, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) in Health and Disease: An Overview

Handbook of experimental pharmacology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 21

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

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RNF115 Inhibits the Post‐ER Trafficking of TLRs and TLRs‐Mediated Immune Responses by Catalyzing K11‐Linked Ubiquitination of RAB1A and RAB13

Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9(16)

Опубликована: Март 28, 2022

Abstract The subcellular localization and intracellular trafficking of Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) critically regulate TLRs‐mediated antimicrobial immunity autoimmunity. Here, it is demonstrated that the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF115 inhibits post‐endoplasmic reticulum (ER) TLRs immune responses by catalyzing ubiquitination small GTPases RAB1A RAB13. It shown 14‐3‐3 chaperones bind to AKT1‐phosphorylated facilitate localizing on ER Golgi apparatus. interacts with RAB13 catalyzes K11‐linked Lys49 Lys61 residues Lys46 Lys58 RAB13, respectively. Such a modification impairs recruitment guanosine diphosphate (GDP) dissociation inhibitor 1 (GDI1) prerequisite for reactivation RAB proteins. Consistently, knockdown in Rnf115 +/+ −/− cells markedly post‐ER post‐Golgi TLRs, In addition, reconstitution K49/61R or K46/58R into but not promotes from apparatus cell surface, These findings uncover common step‐wise regulatory mechanism TLRs.

Язык: Английский

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