The Evasion Mechanisms of Cancer Immunity and Drug Intervention in the Tumor Microenvironment

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Май 24, 2022

Recently, in the field of cancer treatment, paradigm has changed to immunotherapy that activates immune system induce attacks. Among them, checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are attracting attention as excellent and continuous clinical results. However, it shows not only limitations such efficacy some patients or indications, but also side-effects resistance occur. Therefore, is necessary understand factors tumor microenvironment (TME) affect immunotherapy, is, mechanism by which grows while evading suppressing attacks from within TME. Tumors can evade through various mechanisms restricting antigen recognition, inhibiting system, inducing T cell exhaustion. In addition, tumors inhibit accumulating specific metabolites signal TME limiting nutrients available cells. order overcome develop effective treatments therapeutic strategies, an approach needed functions cells integrated manner based on this review, we will examine effects cells, especially how anti-cancer strategies

Язык: Английский

---

The Function of NK Cells in Tumor Metastasis and NK Cell-Based Immunotherapy

Cancers, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(8), С. 2323 - 2323

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2023

Metastatic tumors cause the most deaths in cancer patients. Treating metastasis remains primary goal of current research. Although immune system prevents and kills tumor cells, function metastatic has been unappreciated for decades because are able to develop complex signaling pathways suppress responses, leading them escape detection elimination. Studies showed NK cell-based therapies have many advantages promise fighting cancers. We here review progression, specifically focusing on ability cells antimetastasis, how cell attack, as well recent development effective antimetastatic immunotherapies.

Язык: Английский

---

Resistance to immune checkpoint therapies by tumour-induced T-cell desertification and exclusion: key mechanisms, prognostication and new therapeutic opportunities

British Journal of Cancer, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 129(8), С. 1212 - 1224

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2023

Abstract Immune checkpoint therapies (ICT) can reinvigorate the effector functions of anti-tumour T cells, improving cancer patient outcomes. Anti-tumour cells are initially formed during their first contact (priming) with tumour antigens by antigen-presenting (APCs). Unfortunately, many patients refractory to ICT because tumours considered be ‘cold’ tumours—i.e., they do not allow generation (so-called ‘desert’ tumours) or infiltration existing (T-cell-excluded tumours). Desert disturb antigen processing and priming targeting APCs suppressive factors derived from genetic instabilities. In contrast, T-cell-excluded characterised blocking effective lymphocytes infiltrating masses obstacles, such as fibrosis tumour-cell-induced immunosuppression. This review delves into critical mechanisms which induce T-cell ‘desertification’ ‘exclusion’ in tumours. Filling gaps our knowledge regarding these pro-tumoral will aid researchers developing novel class immunotherapies that aim at restoring more efficient leukocyte trafficking. Such developments expected unleash clinical benefit patients.

Язык: Английский

---

Advances in Genomic Data and Biomarkers: Revolutionizing NSCLC Diagnosis and Treatment

Cancers, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(13), С. 3474 - 3474

Опубликована: Июль 3, 2023

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a significant public health concern with high mortality rates. Recent advancements in genomic data, bioinformatics tools, and the utilization of biomarkers have improved possibilities for early diagnosis, effective treatment, follow-up NSCLC. Biomarkers play crucial role precision medicine by providing measurable indicators disease characteristics, enabling tailored treatment strategies. The integration big data artificial intelligence (AI) further enhances potential personalized through advanced biomarker analysis. However, challenges remain impact new on efficacy due to limited evidence. Data analysis, interpretation, adoption approaches clinical practice pose additional emphasize technologies such as analysis (AI), which enhance Despite these obstacles, into has shown promising results NSCLC, improving patient outcomes targeted therapies. Continued research discovery, utilization, evidence generation are necessary overcome medicine. Addressing obstacles will contribute continued improvement non-small cancer.

Язык: Английский

---

Cancer Nanovaccines: Nanomaterials and Clinical Perspectives

Small, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(35)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Abstract Cancer nanovaccines represent a promising frontier in cancer immunotherapy, utilizing nanotechnology to augment traditional vaccine efficacy. This review comprehensively examines the current state‐of‐the‐art nanovaccine development, elucidating innovative strategies and technologies employed their design. It explores both preclinical clinical advancements, emphasizing key studies demonstrating potential elicit robust anti‐tumor immune responses. The study encompasses various facets, including integrating biomaterial‐based nanocarriers for antigen delivery, adjuvant selection, impact of nanoscale properties on performance. Detailed insights into complex interplay between tumor microenvironment responses are provided, highlighting challenges opportunities optimizing therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, presents thorough analysis ongoing trials, presenting snapshot landscape. By curating latest scientific findings developments, this aims serve as comprehensive resource researchers clinicians engaged advancing immunotherapy. Integrating design holds immense promise revolutionizing treatment paradigms, provides timely update evolving landscape nanovaccines.

Язык: Английский

---

Harnessing the tumor microenvironment: targeted cancer therapies through modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 18(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is integral to cancer progression, impacting metastasis and treatment response. It consists of diverse cell types, extracellular matrix components, signaling molecules that interact promote growth therapeutic resistance. Elucidating the intricate interactions between cells TME crucial in understanding progression challenges. A critical process induced by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), wherein epithelial acquire mesenchymal traits, which enhance their motility invasiveness progression. By targeting various components TME, novel investigational strategies aim disrupt TME's contribution EMT, thereby improving efficacy, addressing resistance, offering a nuanced approach therapy. This review scrutinizes key players emphasizing avenues therapeutically components. Moreover, article discusses implications for resistance mechanisms highlights current toward modulation along with potential caveats.

Язык: Английский

---

Immunotherapy resistance in solid tumors: mechanisms and potential solutions

Cancer Biology & Therapy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2024

While the emergence of immunotherapies has fundamentally altered management solid tumors, cancers exploit many complex biological mechanisms that result in resistance to these agents. These encompass a broad range cellular activities - from modification traditional paradigms immunity via antigen presentation and immunoregulation metabolic modifications manipulation tumor microenvironment. Intervening on intricate processes may provide clinical benefit patients with tumors by overcoming immunotherapies, which is why it become an area tremendous research interest practice-changing implications. This review details major ways avoid both natural through primary (innate) secondary (acquired) resistance, considers available emerging therapeutic approaches immunotherapy resistance.

Язык: Английский

---

Succinate Nanomaterials Boost Tumor Immunotherapy via Activating Cell Pyroptosis and Enhancing MHC-I Expression

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2025

Despite the promising clinical applications of immunotherapy, its effectiveness is often limited by low immune responses and tumor escape. In this study, we introduce a simple drug-free inorganic nanomaterial, sodium succinate (C4H4Na2O4 NPs), prepared using rapid microemulsion method to enhance cancer immunotherapy. The synthesized C4H4Na2O4 NPs can release high concentrations Na+ ions into cells, leading an increase in intracellular osmolarity. This triggers pyroptosis pathway, resulting cellular contents, inflammatory factors, damage-associated molecular patterns, which ultimately boost responses. Furthermore, inhibit escape through upregulating major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC-I) expression. Collectively, significantly growth metastasis pyroptosis-induced activation MHC-I expression upregulation-remitted research offers novel approach treatment that leverages pyroptosis, demonstrating potential for application

Язык: Английский

---

Exploring Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Focus on PD-1/PD-L1 Axis and Beyond

Pathology - Research and Practice, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 269, С. 155864 - 155864

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

---

Inflammation and Immune Escape in Ovarian Cancer: Pathways and Therapeutic Opportunities

Journal of Inflammation Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер Volume 18, С. 895 - 909

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Ovarian cancer (OC) remains one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies, largely due to its late-stage diagnosis and high recurrence rates. Chronic inflammation is a critical driver OC progression, contributing immune evasion, tumor growth, metastasis. Inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, as well key signaling pathways such nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signal transducer activator transcription 3 (STAT3), are upregulated in OC, promoting tumor-promoting environment. The microenvironment (TME) characterized by cells like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) regulatory T (Tregs), which suppress anti-tumor responses, facilitating evasion. Furthermore, utilize checkpoint pathways, PD-1/PD-L1, inhibit cytotoxic cell activity. Targeting these inflammatory evasion mechanisms offers promising therapeutic strategies. COX-2 inhibitors, Janus kinase/signal (JAK/STAT) pathway blockers, NF-kB inhibitors have shown potential preclinical studies, while targeting PD-1/PD-L1 CTLA-4 been explored with mixed results OC. Additionally, emerging research on microbiome inflammation-related biomarkers, microRNAs (miRNAs) exosomes, points new opportunities for early detection precision medicine. Future approaches treatment must focus personalized strategies that target TME, integrating anti-inflammatory therapies immunotherapy enhance patient outcomes. Continued into interplay between essential developing effective, long-lasting treatments.

Язык: Английский

---