Persistent Exhausted T-Cell Immunity after Severe COVID-19: 6-Month Evaluation in a Prospective Observational Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(10), С. 3539 - 3539

Опубликована: Май 18, 2023

Severe COVID-19 can result in a significant and irreversible impact on long-term recovery subsequent immune protection. Understanding the complex reactions may be useful for establishing clinically relevant monitoring.Hospitalized adults with SARS-CoV-2 between March/October 2020 (n = 64) were selected. Cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) plasma samples obtained at hospitalization (baseline) 6 months after recovery. Immunological components' phenotyping SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell response studied PBMCs by flow cytometry. Up to 25 pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines assessed LEGENDplex immunoassays. The group was compared matched healthy donors.Biochemical altered parameters during infection normalized follow-up time point group. Most of cytokine/chemokine levels increased baseline This showed Natural Killer (NK) activation decreased CD16high NK subset, which six later. They also presented higher intermediate patrolling monocyte proportion baseline. T an terminally differentiated (TemRA) effector memory (EM) subsets distribution continued increase Interestingly, (CD38) this point, contrary exhaustion markers (TIM3/PD1). In addition, we observed highest magnitude TemRA CD4 EM CD8 six-months point.The immunological is reversed point. However, marked pattern remains over time. dysregulation could constitute risk factor reinfection development other pathologies. Additionally, high T-cells appear associated severity.

Язык: Английский

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Mild/asymptomatic COVID-19 in unvaccinated pregnant mothers impairs neonatal immune responses

JCI Insight, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(19)

Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2023

Maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers placental inflammation and alters cord blood immune cell composition. However, most studies focus on outcomes of severe maternal infection. Therefore, we analyzed chorionic villi from newborns unvaccinated mothers who experienced mild/asymptomatic during pregnancy. We investigated rewiring using flow cytometry, single-cell RNA sequencing, functional readouts ex vivo stimulation with TLR agonists pathogens. was associated increased frequency memory T B cells nonclassical monocytes in blood. Ex responses to were attenuated, suggesting a tolerogenic state. Maladaptive also observed monocytes, where antiviral dampened but bacterial TLRs increased. expansion activation Hofbauer cells, secreting elevated levels myeloid cell–recruiting chemokines. Moreover, reported maternally derived monocytes/macrophages the fetal placenta that transcriptionally primed for responses. Our data indicate even absence vertical transmission or symptoms neonate, COVID-19 altered transcriptional state circulation placenta.

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 in Pregnant Women, Maternal—Fetal Involvement, and Vertical Mother-to-Child Transmission: A Systematic Review

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(10), С. 2554 - 2554

Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2022

Pregnant women are included in the COVID-19 risk groups even if they do not have any pathology. This requires an analysis of research focused on pregnant to understand impact SARS-CoV-2 their condition. There is also a need know whether there vertical mother-to-child transmission, as well other consequences case woman infected and positive. A systematic review was carried out analyze existing information complications with coronavirus possibility transmission from mother child, registered PROSPERO website searched PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library databases. Finally, 22 articles were review. The suggests that child could be exceptionally possible at time delivery or breastfeeding, but through placenta. It interesting point good acceptance vaccination by women, which may reason for low infectivity. Further should provide evidence role breast milk relation SARS-CoV-2.

Язык: Английский

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Immunological harmony: the dynamic influence of cellular and humoral immunity on pregnancy success

Discover Immunity., Год журнала: 2024, Номер 1(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 20, 2024

Abstract This study is a crucial step in understanding the dynamics of maternal immune response directed at paternal human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. HLA molecules are proteins on cell surfaces that play critical role system regulation. Our findings focus pivotal antibodies targeting fetal inhibiting antigen-induced activation uterine cells, which essential for successful pregnancies. Antibodies produced by recognize and neutralize foreign substances. The primary to unravel anti-fetal rejection drawing parallels transplant emphasizing allorecognition—the process an individual’s recognizes responds antigens from another individual same species—in both cellular (involving cells) humoral antibodies) refusal. Although exploring anti-HLA preventing loss patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion captivating, there still significant knowledge gaps need be addressed. Further studies imperative reveal precise mechanism these generate prevent responses, determinants pregnancy outcomes. It vital investigate specificity whether they exclusively target specific trophoblasts (cells forming outer layer blastocyst, providing nutrients embryo). review paper not only offers insights into development protective but also lays foundation future research therapeutic implications, particularly cases abortion.

Язык: Английский

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IgG antibody levels against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in mother–child dyads after COVID-19 vaccination

Infection, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 52(3), С. 813 - 824

Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2023

Язык: Английский

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IgG antispike persistence and immunophenotype in children infected by SARS‐CoV‐2

Acta Paediatrica, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 112(4), С. 805 - 812

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2023

The immune status of children recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection is not completely understood. We describe IgG antispike persistence in infected during the first two pandemic waves. In addition, we compared with healthy controls their leukocyte populations and CD64 expression.Cross-sectional study. Carried out October 2021 to February 2022 nonreinfected nonvaccinated 2020. presence was studied using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Leukocyte were analysed flow cytometry marked for CD45, CD4, CD8 CD64. Statistical minor than 0.05 considered significant.One hundred eighty-three control 77 patients included. determinations performed after a median 501 days (262-464); 52 positive. Cases showed significantly higher percentages monocytes, lymphocytes, CD8+ CD4+ . expression monocytes neutrophils. accompanied by percentage CD64+ neutrophils.In our series, protein usually positive beyond 1 year infection. Furthermore, cases differ controls, on neutrophils monocytes. Prospective clinical observations are required confirm implications these findings.

Язык: Английский

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Mild/Asymptomatic Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection Leads to Immune Paralysis in Fetal Circulation and Immune Dysregulation in Fetal-Placental Tissues

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 11, 2023

Few studies have addressed the impact of maternal mild/asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection on developing neonatal immune system. In this study, we analyzed umbilical cord blood and placental chorionic villi from newborns unvaccinated mothers with SARSCoV-2 during pregnancy using flow cytometry, single-cell transcriptomics, functional assays. Despite lack vertical transmission, levels inflammatory mediators were altered in blood. Maternal was also associated increased memory T, B cells, non-classical monocytes as well activation. However, ex vivo responses to stimulation attenuated. Finally, within villi, report an expansion fetal Hofbauer cells infiltrating macrophages rewiring towards a heightened state. contrast monocytes, myeloid primed for antiviral responses. Taken together, study highlights dysregulated cell response mild pregnancy.

Язык: Английский

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Global prevalence of infections in newborns with respiratory complications: systematic review and meta-analysis

Iranian Journal of Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2024

Background and Objectives: Newborns as a vulnerable population are exposed to congenital acquired infections during after birth. There several reports of the isolation reporting infectious agents (IAs) in early life newborns with respiratory manifestations, present comprehensive study provides snapshot current global situation prevalence IAs symptoms. Materials Methods: A systematic search was conducted main databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web science, Google scholar. The pooled estimated using me- ta-analysis software based on random effects model. Results: Out 44 inclusive studies (50 datasets) for newborns, be 12.2% (95% CI: 6.40-22.0%) highest lowest related Brazil (78.2%, 95% 31.0-96.6%), UK (0.01%, CI 0.01-0.01%) respectively. Conclusion: high emphasizes considers necessary measures prevent infections.

Язык: Английский

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TIM3 in COVID-19; a potential hallmark?

Heliyon, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(23), С. e40386 - e40386

Опубликована: Ноя. 13, 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious viral disease, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It can manifest as mild to flu-like and non-flu-like symptoms signs, which are associated with immune dysfunction increased mortality. The findings from COVID-19 patients imply link between system abnormalities such impaired T-cell responses or cytokine imbalances risk for worse clinical outcomes, has not been fully understood. Owing regulatory role of inhibitory checkpoints during infection, this review summarizes available studies concerning TIM3 relatively less characterized checkpoint in patients.

Язык: Английский

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Deciphering long-term immune effects of HIV-1/SARS-CoV-2 co-infection: a longitudinal study

Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 214(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 26, 2024

While the general immune response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is well-understood, long-term effects of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1/Severe (HIV-1/SARS-CoV-2) co-infection on system remain unclear. This study investigates in people with HIV-1 (PWH) co-infected SARS-CoV-2 understand its health consequences. A retrospective longitudinal PWH suppressed viral load and infection was conducted. Cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells plasma samples were collected at three time-points: HIV-1/pre-SARS-CoV-2 (n = 18), HIV-1/SARS-CoV-2 46), HIV-1/post-SARS-CoV-2 36). Plasma levels 25 soluble cytokines chemokines, anti-S/anti-N-IgG-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies measured. Immunophenotyping innate adaptive components SARS-CoV-2-specific T/B-cell responses assessed by flow cytometry. associated long-lasting dysfunction, characterized elevated pro-inflammatory a decrease MIG-IP10-ITAC chemokine axis HIV/SARS-CoV-2 time-point, which persisted one year later. Additionally, alterations distribution subsets increased activation (NKG2D/NKG2C) maturation (TIM3) markers NK dendritic observed persisting throughout study. Effector memory CD4 T-cell decreased, while exhaustion/senescence (PD1/TIM3/CD57) all time-points. remained stable study, HIV-1-specific decreased time-point so. Persistent dysfunction increases risk future complications, even mild symptoms. Exacerbated inflammation may contribute reduce vaccine efficacy potential reinfections.

Язык: Английский

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