Viruses,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(11), С. 1785 - 1785
Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2024
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
bilayer
released
by
cells
in
the
microenvironment
of
liver
including
parenchymal
and
non-parenchymal
cells.
They
third
important
mechanism
communications
between
cells,
besides
secretion
cytokines
chemokines
direct
cell-to-cell
contact.
The
aim
this
review
is
to
discuss
role
EVs
viral
disease,
as
there
increasing
evidence
that
transportation
proteins,
all
types
RNA,
particles
complete
virions
implicated
pathogenesis
both
cirrhosis
viral-related
hepatocellular
carcinoma.
biogenesis
discussed
their
diseases
presented.
Their
use
diagnostic
prognostic
biomarkers
also
analyzed.
Most
importantly,
significance
possible
novel
treatment
strategies
for
fibrosis
carcinoma
presented,
although
available
data
based
on
experimental
clinical
trials
have
not
been
reported.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
24(11), С. 9671 - 9671
Опубликована: Июнь 2, 2023
The
liver
is
a
critical
system
for
metabolism
in
human
beings,
which
plays
an
essential
role
abundance
of
physiological
processes
and
vulnerable
to
endogenous
or
exogenous
injuries.
After
the
damage
liver,
type
aberrant
wound
healing
response
known
as
fibrosis
may
happen,
can
result
excessive
accumulation
extracellular
matrix
(ECM)
then
cause
cirrhosis
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC),
seriously
endangering
health
causing
great
economic
burden.
However,
few
effective
anti-fibrotic
medications
are
clinically
available
treat
fibrosis.
most
efficient
approach
prevention
treatment
currently
eliminate
its
causes,
but
this
approach’s
efficiency
too
slow,
some
causes
cannot
be
fully
eliminated,
worsen.
In
cases
advanced
fibrosis,
only
transplantation.
Therefore,
new
treatments
therapeutic
agents
need
explored
stop
further
development
early
reverse
process
achieve
resolution.
Understanding
mechanisms
that
lead
necessary
find
targets
drugs.
complex
regulated
by
variety
cells
cytokines,
among
hepatic
stellate
(HSCs)
cells,
their
continued
activation
will
progression
It
has
been
found
inhibiting
HSC
activation,
inducing
apoptosis,
inactivating
activated
(aHSCs)
thus
regression.
Hence,
review
concentrate
on
how
HSCs
become
during
including
intercellular
interactions
related
signaling
pathways,
well
targeting
pathways
resolution
Finally,
compounds
summarized
provide
more
options
therapy
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
165, С. 115206 - 115206
Опубликована: Июль 24, 2023
Corneal
epithelial
defects
and
excessive
wound
healing
might
lead
to
severe
complications.
As
stem
cells
can
self-renew
infinitely,
they
are
a
promising
solution
for
regenerating
the
corneal
epithelium
treating
injury.
The
chemical
biophysical
properties
of
biological
scaffolds,
such
as
amniotic
membrane,
fibrin,
hydrogels,
provide
necessary
signals
cell
proliferation
differentiation.
Multiple
researchers
have
conducted
investigations
on
these
scaffolds
evaluated
them
potential
therapeutic
interventions
disorders.
These
studies
identified
various
inherent
benefits
drawbacks
associated
with
scaffolds.
In
this
study,
we
provided
comprehensive
overview
history
use
in
repair.
We
mainly
discussed
that
used
transplantation
innovative
materials
under
investigation.
The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
36(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2024
Abstract
Background
Liver
fibrosis
results
from
chronic
liver
injury
and
is
characterized
by
excessive
deposition
of
extracellular
matrix
proteins
including
collagen.
It
can
progress
to
cirrhosis
failure.
Main
body
the
abstract
Multiple
cellular
signaling
pathways
drive
hepatic
stellate
cell
activation
fibrogenesis.
Advances
in
biomarkers,
imaging
modalities,
omics
platforms
enable
noninvasive
diagnosis
staging
fibrosis.
Emerging
antifibrotic
approaches
include
medications
like
pirfenidone,
obeticholic
acid,
monoclonal
antibodies
targeting
pro-fibrotic
mediators.
Cell
therapies
using
mesenchymal
stem
cells
demonstrate
potential
through
paracrine
immunosuppression.
Tissue-engineered
grafts
biomaterial
carriers
for
localized
drug
delivery
are
promising
technologies.
Microfluidic
liver-on-a-chip
with
patient-derived
provide
unprecedented
models
study
human
test
candidates.
Short
conclusion
Significant
has
elucidated
mechanisms
underlying
fibrogenesis
uncovered
novel
therapeutic
targets.
Ongoing
challenges
translating
preclinical
findings,
improving
efficacy,
enabling
personalized
precision
medicine
approaches.
Further
research
into
combinatorial
therapies,
tissue
engineering
technologies
will
advance
treatment
all
causes.
Theranostics,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(5), С. 1715 - 1740
Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2025
Chronic
liver
diseases,
primarily
metabolic
dysfunction-associated
steatotic
disease
(MASLD),
and
alcoholic
(MetALD),
viral
hepatitis,
can
lead
to
fibrosis,
cirrhosis,
cancer.
Hepatic
stellate
cell
(HSC)
activation
plays
a
central
role
in
the
development
of
myofibroblasts
fibrogenesis
chronic
diseases.
However,
HSC
is
influenced
by
complex
microenvironments
within
liver,
which
are
largely
shaped
interactions
between
HSCs
various
other
types.
Changes
phenotypes
mechanisms
involve
glucose,
lipid,
cholesterol
metabolism,
oxidative
stress,
unfolded
protein
response
(UPR),
autophagy,
ferroptosis,
senescence,
nuclear
receptors.
Clinical
interventions
targeting
these
pathways
have
shown
promising
results
addressing
inflammation
as
well
modulating
glucose
lipid
metabolism
stress
responses.
Therefore,
comprehensive
understanding
presents
opportunities
for
novel
therapeutic
approaches
aimed
at
halting
or
even
reversing
Stem Cell Research & Therapy,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Окт. 20, 2023
Abstract
Aim
Although
the
efficacy
and
safety
of
mesenchymal
stem
cell
therapy
for
liver
cirrhosis
have
been
demonstrated
in
several
studies.
Clinical
cases
patients
with
are
limited
these
studies
lack
consistency
treatment
effects.
This
article
aimed
to
systematically
investigate
cells
cirrhosis.
Method
The
data
source
included
PubMed/Medline,
Web
Science,
EMBASE,
Cochrane
Library,
from
inception
May
2023.
Literature
was
screened
by
PICOS
principle,
followed
literature
quality
evaluation
assess
risk
bias.
Finally,
each
study's
outcome
indicators
were
extracted
a
combined
analysis.
Outcome
assessment
functions
adverse
events.
Statistical
analysis
performed
using
Review
Manager
5.4.
Results
A
total
11
clinical
trials
met
selection
criteria.
pooled
analysis'
findings
that
both
primary
secondary
had
improved.
Compared
control
group,
infusion
significantly
increased
ALB
levels
2
weeks,
1
month,
3
months,
6
decreased
MELD
score
according
subgroup
random-effects
model.
Additionally,
hepatic
arterial
injection
favored
improvements
levels.
Importantly,
none
indicated
any
severe
Conclusion
results
showed
effective
safe
cirrhosis,
improving
function
(such
as
decrease
an
increase
levels)
exerting
protective
effects
on
complications
incidence
hepatocellular
carcinoma.
informative
treatment,
large
number
high-quality
randomized
controlled
validations
still
needed.
Lipids in Health and Disease,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
24(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025
Abstract
Metabolic
dysfunction-associated
steatotic
liver
disease
(MASLD)
is
an
asymptomatic,
multifaceted
condition
often
associated
with
various
risk
factors,
including
fatigue,
obesity,
insulin
resistance,
metabolic
syndrome,
and
sleep
apnea.
The
increasing
burden
of
MASLD
underscores
the
critical
need
for
early
diagnosis
effective
therapies.
Owing
to
lack
efficient
therapies
MASLD,
crucial.
Consequently,
noninvasive
biomarkers
imaging
techniques
are
essential
analyzing
play
a
pivotal
role
in
global
diagnostic
process.
use
extracellular
vesicles
has
emerged
as
promising
therapy
ailments.
Herein,
comprehensive
summary
current
modalities
presented,
highlighting
their
advantages
limitations
while
exploring
potential
(EVs)
innovative
therapeutic
tools
MASLD.
With
this
aim,
review
emphasizes
in-depth
understanding
origin
EVs
pathophysiological
alterations
these
ectosomes
exosomes
diseases.
This
also
explores
key
components
future
management
disease.
dual
utility
essentially
highlights
clinical
integration
improve
treatment.
While
EV-based
still
stages
development
require
substantial
research
increase
value
before
they
can
be
used
clinically,
application
been
extensively
explored.
Moving
forward,
developing
devices
leveraging
will
crucial
advancing
diagnosis.
Thus,
literature
summarized
provides
suitable
grounds
clinicians
researchers
explore
devising
treatment
strategies
Liver
inflammation,
injury,
and
hepatic
cell
death
are
caused
by
external
agents
(viruses,
bacteria,
drugs,
alcohol,
etc.)
along
with
the
genetic
susceptibility
of
an
individual.
Persistent
activation
fibrogenic
response
in
cells
leads
to
liver
fibrosis
which
turn
progresses
cirrhosis
cancer.
The
dysregulation
immune
system
generates
reactive
oxygen
species
induce
necrosis
hepatocytes.
This
process
activates
stellate
myofibroblasts
produce
a
huge
quantity
collagens,
alpha-smooth
muscle
actin,
extracellular
matrix
deposition
parenchyma.
Due
multifactorial
nature
this
disease,
conventional
therapies
increasingly
attempted
combinatorial
therapy
or
polytherapy
target
multiple
mechanistic
sites
order
prevent
entry
into
further
complicated
irreversible
stages.
Despite
advancements
therapy,
several
cases
aggravate
(grade
3
4)
cirrhosis.
inconsistency
treatment
outcomes
limited
organ
donors
for
transplantation
have
led
ever-increasing
challenging
demand
alternative
therapies.
In
review,
we
analyze
mechanism
causative
factors
diseases,
mode,
therapeutic
options.
central
diseases
dysregulation,
hence
bioactive
immunomodulatory
properties
should
be
searched
exploited
meet
needs.
Mesenchymal
stem
(MSCs)
their
specialized
anti-inflammatory
could
utilized
as
effective
candidate
treating
inflammatory
diseases.
MSC-derived
exosome
provides
additional
option
that
work
tandem
MSC
synergistic
form.
series,
reviewed
preconditioned
genetically
edited
MSCs
augment
homing,
proliferation,
differentiation.
Importantly,
all
clinical
challenges
noted
addressed
before
cytotherapy
considered
safe
patients
Published
literature
indicated
has
potential
substitute
options
high-grade
Pharmaceutics,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
17(2), С. 264 - 264
Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2025
Background
and
Aim:
Biliary
atresia
is
a
rare,
progressive
disease
that
affects
the
bile
ducts
in
newborns.
Persistent
duct
obstruction
induces
various
pathological
conditions,
including
jaundice,
inflammation,
liver
fibrosis;
however,
exact
pathogenesis
of
biliary
not
yet
fully
understood.
Nuclear
factor-κB
(NF-κB)
widely
acknowledged
as
key
regulator
hepatitis
fibrosis,
extensive
research
has
been
conducted
to
develop
strategies
effectively
inhibit
its
activity
mitigate
damage.
Exosome-based
therapeutic
platforms
offer
targeted
NF-κB
inhibition
with
low
immunogenicity
enhanced
liver-specific
delivery.
This
study
aimed
evaluate
efficacy
Exo-SrIκB
treating
cholestatic
fibrosis
using
experimental
animal
models.
Methods:
(an
exosome-based
therapy
containing
super-repressor
IκB
protein)
EXPLOR
technology
(Exosome
engineering
for
Protein
Loading
via
Optically
Reversible
protein-protein
interactions)
encapsulate
super
repressor
(SrIκB)
within
exosomes.
The
was
assessed
minipig
mouse
models
experimentally
induced
disease.
Results:
Administration
significantly
attenuated
progression
both
by
inhibiting
nuclear
translocation
reducing
expression
fibrotic
markers.
Treated
animals
exhibited
reduced
collagen
deposition,
lower
α-SMA
levels,
improved
hepatic
function
compared
untreated
controls.
Conclusion:
suppressed
signaling
alleviated
models,
suggesting
therapeutics
may
biocompatible
application
managing
other
chronic
diseases.
