Impact of Severity of COVID-19 in TB Disease Patients: Experience from an Italian Infectious Disease Referral Hospital

Infectious Disease Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(1), С. 11 - 11

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2025

Background/Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health issue, further complicated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study assesses clinical outcomes of TB-COVID-19-coinfected patients compared to those with TB disease alone at an Italian infectious hospital during pandemic’s first two years. Methods: Retrospective data analysis was conducted on hospitalized from March 2020 June 2022. Data included demographics, comorbidities, characteristics, and outcomes. Coinfection defined as concurrent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Statistical methods Fisher’s exact test Mann–Whitney statistics. Results: Of 267 patients, 25 (9.4%) had The TB-COVID-19 group showed higher rates diabetes cough. Acute respiratory failure more prevalent in coinfected (odds ratio, 5.99), coinfection associated worse 0.15). Despite similar socio-demographic factors, coexistence led exacerbated increased mortality. Conclusions: significantly increases risk acute poor Clinicians should be aware this risk, especially pulmonary involvement. Although specific protocols are unavailable, prompt diagnosis management may enhance Additional research is necessary understand long-term effects coinfection, particularly becomes endemic.

Язык: Английский

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Immune dysregulation of diabetes in tuberculosis

Seminars in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 78, С. 101959 - 101959

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2025

The rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is undermining global efforts to eliminate tuberculosis (TB). Most studies found that patients with pulmonary TB and DM have more cavitary lung lesions, higher mycobacterial burden on the lungs, longer periods infectiousness, worse outcomes. Both human animal indicate TB-DM associated impaired innate adaptive immune responses, resulting in delayed bacterial clearance. Similar observations been noted other infections, such as those caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, where contributes increased susceptibility outcomes due compromised functions including defective phagocytosis early cell recruitment. This review delves into mechanisms dysfunction TB-DM, exploring how increases severity. By elucidating these complex interactions, this aims offer insights effective strategies for managing improving challenging comorbidity.

Язык: Английский

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Treatment of psoriasis with biologic and non‐biologic targeted therapies in patients with latent tuberculosis infection or at risk for tuberculosis disease progression: Recommendations from a SPIN‐FRT expert consensus

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2024

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis , is a significant global health problem. In immunocompetent individuals, the microorganism can remain in latent, non‐contagious form, however, it may become active under conditions of immunosuppression. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, which are frequently used for management immune‐mediated disorders like psoriasis, have been associated with significantly increased risk reactivating latent TB. Consequently, international guidelines recommend TB screening and preventive treatment before starting anti‐TNF therapy. These recommendations extended to IL‐12/23, IL‐17, IL‐23 TYK2 inhibitors caution principle, despite their different mechanisms action. However, current evidence suggests that some these agents arguably not an reactivation or development disease after infection, calls critical reassessment guidelines. We conducted literature search evaluating innovative therapies, integrating findings from both randomized clinical trials real‐world evidence. The identified limited but low number cases IL‐17 prompts reconsidering need all cases, regardless biologic class individual patient's drug toxicity. This review, along insight panel experts on behalf SPIN‐FRT, led consensus managing psoriasis patients infection at who receiving intended receive non‐biologic targeted therapies. highlight updates existing guidelines, aiming provide more differentiated approach reflects evolving landscape its implications management.

Язык: Английский

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Therapy modulates the response to T cell epitopes over the spectrum of tuberculosis infection

Journal of Infection, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 106295 - 106295

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Trends in tuberculosis mortality among older adults in China, 2004–2021: a Joinpoint regression and age–period–cohort analysis

Frontiers in Public Health, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 12

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem in China and globally, particularly among older adults. This study aimed to examine secular trends TB mortality adults the net effects of age, period, cohort. Data from National Disease Surveillance Points (DSPs) system were analyzed using Joinpoint regression determine annual changes individuals aged 60 years 2004 2021. An age-period-cohort (APC) analysis intrinsic estimator (IE) method was conducted estimate independent The age-standardized rate 5.68 per 100,000, with higher rates observed men, rural areas, western regions. declined overall 2021, although decline has slowed recent years. APC revealed increased relative risk (RR) rising 0.57 60-64 age group 1.53 80-84 group. period effect decreased 2007 showing areas (RR = 1.51) than urban 1.16) during 2007-2011, but this trend reversed 2017-2021. cohort generally declined, exception certain demographic groups that showed an increase 1952-1956 1957-1961 birth cohorts. Variations highlight differences by gender, regions, providing insights for targeted intervention strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Management of tuberculosis risk, screening and preventive therapy in patients with chronic autoimmune arthritis undergoing biotechnological and targeted immunosuppressive agents

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2025

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death in world from an infectious disease. Its etiologic agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), a slow-growing bacterium that has coexisted humans for thousands years. According to World Health Organization, 10.6 million new cases TB and over 1 deaths were reported 2022. It widely recognized patients affected by chronic autoimmune arthritis such as rheumatoid (RA), psoriatic (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have increased incidence rate disease compared general population. As conceivable, risk associated with age ≥65 years higher endemic regions, but immunosuppressive therapy plays pivotal role. Several systematic reviews analysed impact anti-TNF-α agents on arthritis, well other biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) rituximab, abatacept, tocilizumab, ustekinumab, secukinumab. However, data are less robust those available TNF-α inhibitors. Conversely, anti-IL23 JAK inhibitors (JAK-i), which been more recently introduced treatment RA PsA/AS, limited. screening preventive recommended Mtb-infected undergoing bDMARDs targeted synthetic (ts)DMARDs. In this review, we evaluate current evidence randomized clinical trials, long-term extension studies, real-life studies regarding RA, PsA, AS treated tsDMARDs. evidence, carry greatest progression among tsDMARDs, anti-IL-6R agents. The management updated reported.

Язык: Английский

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The interplay of tuberculosis and COVID-19: Insights into global health challenges

Journal of Biosciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 50(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Mutations in ace2 gene modulate cytokine levels and alter immune responses in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection: a Cameroonian cohort

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Март 24, 2025

Introduction SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) share similarities in their modes of transmission, pathophysiological symptoms, clinical manifestations. An imbalance the immune response characterised by elevated levels some inflammatory cytokines caused (TB) COVID-19 may increase risk developing a severe disease-like condition. It has been reported that TB increases expression Ace2 (angiotensin converting enzyme 2) Tmprss2 (transmembrane protease serine proteins, which are essential for pathogenesis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) variants ace2 tmprss2 genes can impact virus host-cell interactions alter responses modulating cytokine production. This modify susceptibility and/or severity COVID-19-infected people. The role SNPs relation to Mtb co-infection is relatively underexplored. Method In this study, genotype frequency 10 03 Cameroonian cohort consisting COVID-19-positive (n = 31), TB-positive 43), TB-COVID-19 co-infected 21), control group 24) were studied. was estimated quantitating alongside self-reported clinically diagnosed symptoms. relationship between specific genetic mutations these gene on patients investigated. Results We identified wild-type, heterozygous, double-mutant genotypes seven (rs2285666, rs6632677, rs4646116, rs4646140, rs147311723, rs2074192 rs4646142) gene, showed significant variations distribution across study groups. Our most findings include association double mutant alleles (AA) rs4646140 with decreased IL-6 IL-2 respectively participants. Also, rs4646116 responsible increased level patients. Additionally, serum AST, urea, D-dimer, as well plasma concentrations IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, have associated co-infections involving SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion These biomarkers reflect complex interplay two pathogens host disease progression. highlights critical immunological factors shaping altered during By elucidating factors, provide foundation deeper understanding host-pathogen implications progression outcomes. Furthermore, research potential drive advancements diagnostic approaches enabling more accurate detection monitoring co-infections.

Язык: Английский

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Model systems to study Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections: an overview of scientific potential and impediments

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15

Опубликована: Май 8, 2025

Despite years of global efforts to combat tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium (Mtb), the causative agent this disease, continues haunt humankind making TB elimination a distant task. To comprehend pathogenic nuances organism, various in vitro, ex vivo and experimental models have been employed by researchers. This review focuses on salient features as well pros cons model systems for research. In vitro macrophage infection extensively used studying Mtb physiology. Animal provided us with great wealth information immensely contributed understanding pathogenesis host responses during infection. Additionally, they evaluation anti-mycobacterial drug therapy determining efficacy potential vaccine candidates. Advancements 'omics' based approaches enhanced our about host-pathogen interface. Although animal cornerstone research, none them is ideal that gives complete picture human infection, disease progression. Further, also discusses newer including three dimensional (3D)-tissue models, lung-on-chip model, granuloma their limitations TB. Thus, converging gained from tandem experiments will ultimately bridge gap exists

Язык: Английский

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Reactivation of Latent Tuberculosis Following COVID-19 and Epstein-Barr Virus Coinfection: A Case Report

Pathogens, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(5), С. 488 - 488

Опубликована: Май 16, 2025

Background: This case is unique in demonstrating the reactivation of latent tuberculosis (TB) following co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) an otherwise healthy young adult. It highlights a rare clinical scenario which viral immune dysregulation likely facilitated TB progression. To date, few reports have explored complex interplay between COVID-19, EBV reactivation, single patient, particularly isolated extrapulmonary involvement. Case Presentation: A 24-year-old woman presented persistent low-grade fever, fatigue, night sweats, unintentional weight loss, progressive cervical supraclavicular lymphadenopathy. These symptoms emerged shortly after moderate COVID-19 infection. Laboratory studies revealed elevated inflammatory markers pronounced lymphopenia. was confirmed via serology PCR. Despite antiviral therapy, persisted, imaging necrotic Tuberculous lymphadenitis diagnosed through fine-needle aspiration cytology PCR detection Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The patient treated standard anti-tuberculosis regimen, resulting clinical, radiological, immunological improvement. Conclusions: underscores importance considering patients lymphadenopathy recent infections, regions high prevalence. also emphasizes need for thorough microbiological assessment post-viral syndromes. main takeaway that may create permissive environment system compromise.

Язык: Английский

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