Impact of Severity of COVID-19 in TB Disease Patients: Experience from an Italian Infectious Disease Referral Hospital

Infectious Disease Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 11 - 11

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Background/Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health issue, further complicated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study assesses clinical outcomes of TB-COVID-19-coinfected patients compared to those with TB disease alone at an Italian infectious hospital during pandemic’s first two years. Methods: Retrospective data analysis was conducted on hospitalized from March 2020 June 2022. Data included demographics, comorbidities, characteristics, and outcomes. Coinfection defined as concurrent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Statistical methods Fisher’s exact test Mann–Whitney statistics. Results: Of 267 patients, 25 (9.4%) had The TB-COVID-19 group showed higher rates diabetes cough. Acute respiratory failure more prevalent in coinfected (odds ratio, 5.99), coinfection associated worse 0.15). Despite similar socio-demographic factors, coexistence led exacerbated increased mortality. Conclusions: significantly increases risk acute poor Clinicians should be aware this risk, especially pulmonary involvement. Although specific protocols are unavailable, prompt diagnosis management may enhance Additional research is necessary understand long-term effects coinfection, particularly becomes endemic.

Language: Английский

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Treatment of psoriasis with biologic and non‐biologic targeted therapies in patients with latent tuberculosis infection or at risk for tuberculosis disease progression: Recommendations from a SPIN‐FRT expert consensus

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 16, 2024

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis , is a significant global health problem. In immunocompetent individuals, the microorganism can remain in latent, non‐contagious form, however, it may become active under conditions of immunosuppression. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, which are frequently used for management immune‐mediated disorders like psoriasis, have been associated with significantly increased risk reactivating latent TB. Consequently, international guidelines recommend TB screening and preventive treatment before starting anti‐TNF therapy. These recommendations extended to IL‐12/23, IL‐17, IL‐23 TYK2 inhibitors caution principle, despite their different mechanisms action. However, current evidence suggests that some these agents arguably not an reactivation or development disease after infection, calls critical reassessment guidelines. We conducted literature search evaluating innovative therapies, integrating findings from both randomized clinical trials real‐world evidence. The identified limited but low number cases IL‐17 prompts reconsidering need all cases, regardless biologic class individual patient's drug toxicity. This review, along insight panel experts on behalf SPIN‐FRT, led consensus managing psoriasis patients infection at who receiving intended receive non‐biologic targeted therapies. highlight updates existing guidelines, aiming provide more differentiated approach reflects evolving landscape its implications management.

Language: Английский

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Therapy modulates the response to T cell epitopes over the spectrum of tuberculosis infection

Journal of Infection, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106295 - 106295

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Trends in tuberculosis mortality among older adults in China, 2004–2021: a Joinpoint regression and age–period–cohort analysis

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem in China and globally, particularly among older adults. This study aimed to examine secular trends TB mortality adults the net effects of age, period, cohort. Data from National Disease Surveillance Points (DSPs) system were analyzed using Joinpoint regression determine annual changes individuals aged 60 years 2004 2021. An age-period-cohort (APC) analysis intrinsic estimator (IE) method was conducted estimate independent The age-standardized rate 5.68 per 100,000, with higher rates observed men, rural areas, western regions. declined overall 2021, although decline has slowed recent years. APC revealed increased relative risk (RR) rising 0.57 60-64 age group 1.53 80-84 group. period effect decreased 2007 showing areas (RR = 1.51) than urban 1.16) during 2007-2011, but this trend reversed 2017-2021. cohort generally declined, exception certain demographic groups that showed an increase 1952-1956 1957-1961 birth cohorts. Variations highlight differences by gender, regions, providing insights for targeted intervention strategies.

Language: Английский

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Management of tuberculosis risk, screening and preventive therapy in patients with chronic autoimmune arthritis undergoing biotechnological and targeted immunosuppressive agents

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death in world from an infectious disease. Its etiologic agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), a slow-growing bacterium that has coexisted humans for thousands years. According to World Health Organization, 10.6 million new cases TB and over 1 deaths were reported 2022. It widely recognized patients affected by chronic autoimmune arthritis such as rheumatoid (RA), psoriatic (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have increased incidence rate disease compared general population. As conceivable, risk associated with age ≥65 years higher endemic regions, but immunosuppressive therapy plays pivotal role. Several systematic reviews analysed impact anti-TNF-α agents on arthritis, well other biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) rituximab, abatacept, tocilizumab, ustekinumab, secukinumab. However, data are less robust those available TNF-α inhibitors. Conversely, anti-IL23 JAK inhibitors (JAK-i), which been more recently introduced treatment RA PsA/AS, limited. screening preventive recommended Mtb-infected undergoing bDMARDs targeted synthetic (ts)DMARDs. In this review, we evaluate current evidence randomized clinical trials, long-term extension studies, real-life studies regarding RA, PsA, AS treated tsDMARDs. evidence, carry greatest progression among tsDMARDs, anti-IL-6R agents. The management updated reported.

Language: Английский

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The interplay of tuberculosis and COVID-19: Insights into global health challenges

Journal of Biosciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 50(1)

Published: Feb. 22, 2025

Language: Английский

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Mutations in ace2 gene modulate cytokine levels and alter immune responses in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection: a Cameroonian cohort

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 24, 2025

Introduction SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) share similarities in their modes of transmission, pathophysiological symptoms, clinical manifestations. An imbalance the immune response characterised by elevated levels some inflammatory cytokines caused (TB) COVID-19 may increase risk developing a severe disease-like condition. It has been reported that TB increases expression Ace2 (angiotensin converting enzyme 2) Tmprss2 (transmembrane protease serine proteins, which are essential for pathogenesis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) variants ace2 tmprss2 genes can impact virus host-cell interactions alter responses modulating cytokine production. This modify susceptibility and/or severity COVID-19-infected people. The role SNPs relation to Mtb co-infection is relatively underexplored. Method In this study, genotype frequency 10 03 Cameroonian cohort consisting COVID-19-positive (n = 31), TB-positive 43), TB-COVID-19 co-infected 21), control group 24) were studied. was estimated quantitating alongside self-reported clinically diagnosed symptoms. relationship between specific genetic mutations these gene on patients investigated. Results We identified wild-type, heterozygous, double-mutant genotypes seven (rs2285666, rs6632677, rs4646116, rs4646140, rs147311723, rs2074192 rs4646142) gene, showed significant variations distribution across study groups. Our most findings include association double mutant alleles (AA) rs4646140 with decreased IL-6 IL-2 respectively participants. Also, rs4646116 responsible increased level patients. Additionally, serum AST, urea, D-dimer, as well plasma concentrations IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, have associated co-infections involving SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion These biomarkers reflect complex interplay two pathogens host disease progression. highlights critical immunological factors shaping altered during By elucidating factors, provide foundation deeper understanding host-pathogen implications progression outcomes. Furthermore, research potential drive advancements diagnostic approaches enabling more accurate detection monitoring co-infections.

Language: Английский

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Immune dysregulation of diabetes in tuberculosis

Seminars in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 78, P. 101959 - 101959

Published: April 22, 2025

The rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is undermining global efforts to eliminate tuberculosis (TB). Most studies found that patients with pulmonary TB and DM have more cavitary lung lesions, higher mycobacterial burden on the lungs, longer periods infectiousness, worse outcomes. Both human animal indicate TB-DM associated impaired innate adaptive immune responses, resulting in delayed bacterial clearance. Similar observations been noted other infections, such as those caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, where contributes increased susceptibility outcomes due compromised functions including defective phagocytosis early cell recruitment. This review delves into mechanisms dysfunction TB-DM, exploring how increases severity. By elucidating these complex interactions, this aims offer insights effective strategies for managing improving challenging comorbidity.

Language: Английский

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Multiple antimicrobial and immune-modulating activities of cysteamine in infectious diseases

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 178, P. 117153 - 117153

Published: July 17, 2024

Infectious diseases are a major threat to global health and cause millions of deaths every year, particularly in developing countries. The emergence multidrug resistance challenges current antimicrobial treatments, inducing uncertainty therapeutic protocols. New compounds therefore necessary. A drug repurposing approach could play critical role new treatments used either alone or combination with standard therapy regimens. Herein, we focused on cysteamine, an aminothiol endogenously synthesized by human cells during the degradation coenzyme-A, which is approved for treatment nephropathic cystinosis. Cysteamine influences many biological processes due presence highly reactive thiol group. This review provides overview cysteamine-mediated effects different viruses, bacteria parasites, particular focus infections caused Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Evidences potential use cysteamine as direct agent and/or host-directed therapy, other drugs, described.

Language: Английский

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Protective interplay: Mycobacterium tuberculosis diminishes SARS-CoV-2 severity through innate immune priming

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: June 20, 2024

At the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic those with underlying chronic lung conditions, including tuberculosis (TB), were hypothesized to be at higher risk severe disease. However, there is inconclusive clinical and preclinical data confirm specific SARS-CoV-2 poses for millions individuals infected Mycobacterium (M.tb). We others have found that compared singly mice, mice co-infected M.tb leads reduced severity alone. Consequently, a large interest in identifying molecular mechanisms responsible infection observed co-infection. To address this, we conducted comprehensive characterization co-infection model performed mechanistic vitro modeling dynamically assess how innate immune response induced by restricts viral replication. Our study has successfully identified several cytokines induce upregulation anti-viral genes epithelial cells, thereby providing protection prior challenge SARS-CoV-2. In conclusion, our offers understanding key pathways an existing bacterial effectively activity identifies candidate therapeutic targets infection.

Language: Английский

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