Advances in nucleic acid-based cancer vaccines

Journal of Biomedical Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 32(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025

Abstract Nucleic acid vaccines have emerged as crucial advancements in vaccine technology, particularly highlighted by the global response to COVID-19 pandemic. The widespread administration of mRNA against billions globally marks a significant milestone. Furthermore, approval an for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) this year underscores versatility technology. In oncology, combination encoding neoantigens and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has shown remarkable efficacy eliciting protective responses diseases like melanoma pancreatic cancer. Although use DNA been limited India, inherent stability at room temperature cost-effectiveness present viable option that could benefit developing countries. These advantages may help address some challenges associated with vaccines. Currently, several trials are exploring DNA-encoded ICIs across various cancer types. studies highlight promising role nucleic acid-based next generation immunotherapeutic agents treatment. This review will delve into recent current developmental status both DNA-based

Язык: Английский

---

mRNA vaccine platforms: linking infectious disease prevention and cancer immunotherapy

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13

Опубликована: Март 12, 2025

The advent of mRNA vaccines, accelerated by the global response to COVID-19 pandemic, marks a transformative shift in vaccine technology. In this article, we discuss development, current applications, and prospects vaccines for both prevention treatment infectious diseases oncology. By leveraging capacity encode antigens within host cells directly, provide versatile scalable platform suitable addressing broad spectrum pathogens tumor-specific antigens. We highlight recent advancements design, innovative delivery mechanisms, ongoing clinical trials, with particular emphasis on their efficacy combating diseases, such as COVID-19, Zika, influenza, well emerging potential cancer immunotherapy. also address critical challenges, including stability, optimization immune responses, broader issue accessibility. Finally, review strategies advancing next-generation aim overcoming limitations technology enhancing preventive therapeutic approaches oncological diseases.

Язык: Английский

---

Is there still hope for the prophylactic hepatitis C vaccine? A review of different approaches

Journal of Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 96(9)

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2024

Abstract Despite remarkable progress in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, it remains a significant global health burden, necessitating development an effective prophylactic vaccine. This review paper presents current landscape HCV vaccine candidates and approaches, including more traditional, based on inactivated virus, modern, such as subunit protein, vectored, nucleic acids (DNA mRNA) virus‐like particles. The concept is first put context viral genetic diversity adaptive responses to understanding which crucial guiding against complex virus. Because ethical dimensions are also research, development, potential deployment, we address them this paper. road safe prevent infection bumpy due variation its ability evade immune responses. cell‐culture systems allowed for production candidate, can induce cross‐neutralizing antibodies vitro , but whether could humans unknown. Subunit protein that entered clinical trials elicited HCV‐specific humoral cellular responses, though be shown they translate into prevention or progression chronic state. Such were induced by clinically tested vector‐based decreased load did not infection. These disappointments readily predicted from preclinical animal studies. platforms employing particles, DNA, mRNA provide opportunities vaccine, their has yet shown. Ensuring designed conserved epitope(s) elicits broadly neutralizing essential. Given failures developing continue supporting national strategies, funding screening programs. However, these actions likely insufficient permanently control encouraging further mobilization resources research missing element elimination public health.

Язык: Английский

---

Prostate Cancer Vaccines: Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions

Heca Journal of Applied Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 3(1), С. 30 - 55

Опубликована: Март 19, 2025

Prostate cancer remains a major contributor to cancer-related deaths in men, with its incidence rising significantly age. Conventional treatment modalities, including surgery, radiation therapy, hormonal and chemotherapy, often face limitations such as resistance, disease recurrence, considerable side effects. These challenges have sparked growing interest novel approaches like immunotherapy, which leverages the immune system combat cancer. Among these, vaccine-based immunotherapy has emerged promising strategy, aiming generate precise responses against tumor-specific antigens. Advances immunology, molecular targeting, vaccine development demonstrated encouraging results terms of safety immunogenicity. Nevertheless, obstacles tumor heterogeneity, escape mechanisms, limited efficacy advanced stages continue hinder progress. The aim this review is examine current landscape prostate development, focus on advancements target identification, optimization technologies, evaluation combination therapy strategies. Findings from clinical trials shed light both opportunities therapies. Synergistic involving checkpoint inhibitors, radiotherapy, androgen deprivation shown potential amplify mitigate resistance mechanisms. Additionally, emerging technologies bioinformatics artificial intelligence are revolutionizing by enabling discovery patient-specific neoantigens creation tailored formulations. Despite these breakthroughs, achieving consistent therapeutic outcomes challenging, particularly metastatic castration-resistant cases. Future directions field include developing personalized vaccines, adopting adaptive trial designs, employing innovative endpoints streamline translation into practice. In summary, while significantly, addressing critical barriers heterogeneity evasion embracing essential for optimizing vaccines improving outcomes.

Язык: Английский

---

Advances in Nucleic Acid Universal Influenza Vaccines

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(6), С. 664 - 664

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2024

Currently, vaccination with influenza vaccines is still an effective strategy to prevent infection by seasonal virus in spite of some drawbacks them. However, due the rapid evolution viruses, including viruses and emerging zoonotic there urgent need develop broad-spectrum cope viruses. Nucleic acid might meet requirements well. are classified into DNA RNA vaccines. Both types induced potent cellular humoral immune responses, showing great promise for development universal In this review, current status nucleic vaccine was summarized.

Язык: Английский

---

A new vaccination approach for Salmonellosis employing a multi-epitope vaccine based on live microbial cell factory from Lactococcus lactis

Poultry Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 104(2), С. 104789 - 104789

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025

A major health and financial burden in the chicken sector is salmonella infection. It difficult to create an oral vaccination that can provide strong intestinal mucosal immunity birds, particularly cross-protection against several Salmonella serotypes. As a result, poultry industry needs powerful platform uses live bacterial vectors prevent various The genetically engineered L. lactis was given orally birds as vaccine after multi-epitope vector created using reverse vaccinology technique. After plasmid digested, target group produced 72 kDa protein called multi-epitop. Birds received lactis/pNZ8121-Multi epitope showed increased levels of interferon (IFN-γ) NFkB1α, transcription rates cytokines, significant presence IgY antibodies specific multi gene their serum. infection severe economic industry, according spleen sections from epitope. Developing robust immunity-specifically, many serotypes-is challenging. results fresh method for creating new immunological candidate multi-epitome genes by food-grade, non-pathogenic Lactococcus cell factory. This provides unique technique assess long-term sustainability, cost, safety, usefulness experimental pharmaceutical products.

Язык: Английский

---

Lipid nanoparticles deliver DNA-encoded biologics and induce potent protective immunity

Molecular Cancer, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for mRNA delivery have advanced significantly, but LNP-mediated DNA still faces clinical challenges. This study compared various LNP formulations delivering DNA-encoded biologics, assessing their expression efficacy and the protective immunity generated by LNP-encapsulated in different models. The formulation used Moderna's Spikevax vaccine (LNP-M) demonstrated a stable nanoparticle structure, high efficiency, low toxicity. Notably, encoding spike protein, delivered via LNP-M, induced stronger antigen-specific antibody T cell immune responses to electroporation. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis revealed that LNP-M/pSpike enhanced CD80 activation signaling CD8+ cells, NK macrophages, DCs, while reducing immunosuppressive signals. enrichment of TCR BCR suggested an increase response specificity diversity. Additionally, LNP-M effectively antigens, such as mouse PD-L1 p53R172H, or monoclonal antibodies targeting PD1 human p53R282W. approach inhibited tumor growth metastasis several long-term anti-tumor effects LNP-M-delivered anti-p53R282W relied on memory MHC-I from APCs cells. These results highlight promising effective platform DNA-based vaccines cancer immunotherapies.

Язык: Английский

---

Chitosan Nanoparticles for Enhanced Immune Response and Delivery of Multi-Epitope Helicobacter pylori Vaccines in a BALB/c Mouse Model

Pharmaceutics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(1), С. 132 - 132

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2025

Background/Objectives: Helicobacter pylori is the leading cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, and mucosal-associated lymphoma. Due to emerging problems with antibiotic treatment against H. in clinical practice, vaccination has gained more interest. Oral immunization considered a promising approach for preventing initial colonization this bacterium gastrointestinal tract, establishing first line defense at mucosal surfaces. Chitosan nanoparticles can be exploited effectively oral vaccine delivery due their stability, simplicity target accessibility, beneficial mucoadhesive immunogenic properties. Methods: In study, new multi-epitope pDNA- recombinant protein-based vaccines incorporating multiple antigens were produced encapsulated chitosan intramuscular administration. The induced immune response was assessed through levels antigen-specific IgGs, secreted SIgA, cytokines (IL-2, IL-10, IFN-γ) immunized BALB/C mice. Results: Intramuscular administration both pDNA efficiently stimulated production specific IgG2a IgG1, which supported by levels. immunizations either or protein revealed high SIgA levels, suggesting effective immunization, contrasting immunizations, did not induce SIgA. Conclusions: These findings indicate that into are candidates eradicating mitigating associated diseases humans.

Язык: Английский

---

Progress in African Swine Fever Vector Vaccine Development

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(3), С. 921 - 921

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2025

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly lethal, infectious, hemorrhagic disease, characterized by an acute mortality rate approaching 100%. It contagious, and results in significant losses to the global hog industry as it spreads. Despite incremental progress research on virus (ASFV), safe effective commercial vaccine has yet be developed. Vector vaccines, promising type of vaccine, offer unique advantages, are primary focus ASFV research. This paper focuses characteristics viral, bacterial, yeast vector vaccines; elucidates immunological mechanisms associated with antigens; lists types antigens that have potential; discusses feasibility using exogenously expressed cytokines enhance protective power and, finally, vectors commonly used latest advances this field.

Язык: Английский

---

Therapeutic Vaccines for Hematological Cancers: A Scoping Review of This Immunotherapeutic Approach as Alternative to the Treatment of These Malignancies

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(2), С. 114 - 114

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2025

Background/Objectives: The need for innovative cancer treatments has brought immunotherapies to the forefront as a promising approach, with therapeutic vaccines demonstrating potential mobilize immune cells eliminate tumor cells. However, challenges such genetic variability among patients, evasion mechanisms, and disease relapse contribute complexity of achieving an ideal therapy, especially hematological cancers. This review systematically identifies analyzes recent studies focused on development immunotherapy vaccines, examining critical aspects stages, key assays validation, treatment outcomes, study limitations. Methods: A scoping was conducted following PRISMA extension guidelines (PRISMA-ScR). Literature searches were across Scopus, PubMed, Web Science, Science Direct databases using keywords including “immunotherapy”, “vaccines”, “immunization”, “hematological malignancies”, “blood cancer”, “hematopoietic neoplasms”, “leukemia”. Results: total 56 articles published from 2013 2024 included in analysis. majority are preclinical stage, some advancing phase 1 2 clinical trials. Acute myeloid leukemia emerged most frequently studied malignancy. While first- second-generation dominate field, approaches, dendritic-cell-based mRNA gaining prominence. Notably, models often demonstrate superior outcomes compared trials, results observed animal not fully replicated human studies. Conclusions: Despite related progression patient loss, reviewed highlight significant advancements prognosis, emphasizing novel effective alternative

Язык: Английский

---