Immune-Boosting and Antiviral Effects of Antioxidants in COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Therapeutic Perspective
Life,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(1), С. 113 - 113
Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2025
The
COVID-19
pandemic
caused
by
Severe
Acute
Respiratory
Syndrome
Coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
has
profoundly
impacted
global
health,
with
pneumonia
emerging
as
a
major
complication
in
severe
cases.
pathogenesis
of
is
marked
the
overproduction
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
and
an
excessive
inflammatory
response,
resulting
oxidative
stress
significant
tissue
damage,
particularly
respiratory
system.
Antioxidants
have
garnered
considerable
attention
for
their
potential
role
managing
mitigating
modulating
immune
responses.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
overview
literature
on
use
antioxidants
hospitalized
patients
mild-to-moderate
COVID-19.
Studies
exploring
antioxidants,
including
vitamins,
trace
elements,
nitric
oxide
(NO),
ozone
(O3),
glutathione
(GSH),
L-carnitine,
melatonin,
bromelain,
N-acetylcysteine
(NAC),
numerous
polyphenols,
yielded
promising
outcomes.
Through
ROS-scavenging
properties,
these
molecules
support
endothelial
function,
reduce
thrombosis
risk,
may
help
mitigate
effects
cytokine
storm,
key
contributor
to
morbidity
mortality.
Clinical
evidence
suggests
that
antioxidant
supplementation
improve
patient
outcomes
decreasing
inflammation,
supporting
cell
potentially
shortening
recovery
times.
Furthermore,
symptoms
exerting
direct
antiviral
inhibit
infection
process
genomic
replication
SARS-CoV-2
host
cells.
Moreover,
work
synergistically
standard
treatments
viral-induced
damage.
By
integrating
findings
from
real-world
data
our
clinical
experience,
we
gain
more
profound
understanding
pneumonia.
Further
research
combining
reviews
analysis
crucial
validate
efficacy
establish
evidence-based
guidelines
practice.
Язык: Английский
Morphopathology of the lesions induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lungs
Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
65(4), С. 637 - 645
Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025
Severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
infection
spread
rapidly
from
China
around
the
world,
causing
worst
pandemic
since
beginning
of
21st
century.
Although
disease
named
2019
(COVID-19)
has
multiple
organ
symptoms,
main
pathological
lesions
occur
in
lung,
failure,
pulmonary
embolism,
secondary
bacterial
pneumonia
and
fibrosis.
Despite
best
efforts
researchers,
pathogenesis
SARS-CoV-2-induced
cellular
tissue
damage
organs
systems
is
poorly
understood.
Therefore,
our
study,
we
aimed
to
highlight
their
extent,
which
could
explain
complex
symptomatology
presented
by
patients
who
died
with
distress
(ARDS).
The
study
was
performed
on
a
number
36
diagnosed
COVID-19
under
legally
suspicious
conditions,
requiring
autopsy
within
Romanian
Forensic
Medicine
Institutes.
All
local
inflammatory
reaction
pneumonic
type,
exudative
proliferative
phenomena,
intra-alveolar
interstitial
infiltrates
formed
lymphocytes,
macrophages
neutrophilic
granulocytes,
congested
or
ruptured
blood
vessels
hemorrhages,
thrombosis,
proliferation
fibroblasts
transformed
into
myofibroblasts
presence
granulation
that
remodeled
entire
lung
parenchyma.
Язык: Английский
Unlocking the potential of the ACE2/Ang‐(1–7)/Mas Axis in liver diseases: From molecular mechanisms to translational applications
Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 9, 2025
Abstract
Over
the
past
two
decades,
identification
of
new
functions
within
renin–angiotensin
system
(RAS)
has
extended
beyond
its
traditional
roles,
with
emergence
angiotensin‐converting
enzyme
2
(ACE2)/Ang‐(1–7)/Mas
axis
being
particularly
significant.
This
is
hypothesized
to
balance
or
modulate
effects
ACE/Ang
II/AT1
in
various
physiological
and
pathological
contexts.
ACE2,
a
membrane‐bound
carboxypeptidase
an
ancient
homologue
ACE
converts
Angiotensin
II
(Ang
II)
into
1–7
(Ang‐(1–7)).
The
Mas
receptor
G‐protein‐coupled
that
specifically
binds
Ang‐(1–7).
Recent
research
increasingly
focused
on
local
expression
RAS
different
tissues.
Ang‐(1–7)
produces
variety
biological
by
binding
receptor,
including
anti‐inflammatory,
antioxidant,
anti‐apoptotic
anti‐fibrotic
actions,
thereby
influencing
range
mechanisms
heart,
kidneys,
brain
other
Preclinical
animal
model
studies
indicate
manipulating
protective
can
significantly
alter
progression
multiple
liver
diseases.
Hepatic
overexpression
ACE2
administration
analogues
been
shown
be
therapeutically
effective
against
drug‐induced
injury,
metabolic‐associated
fatty
disease,
fibrosis
hepatocellular
carcinoma
progression.
These
are
achieved
through
pathways,
regulation
lipid
metabolism,
inhibition
epithelial–mesenchymal
transition
(EMT)
extracellular
matrix
(ECM)
production,
as
well
suppression
aerobic
glycolysis.
In
current
clinical
trials,
while
recombinant
human
(Rh‐ACE2)
demonstrated
safety
good
tolerance
most
studies,
relevance
activating
ACE2/Ang‐(1–7)
evolution
diseases
remains
early
stages.
Therefore,
further
elucidation
complex
interactions
between
classical
counter‐regulatory
axes
settings
crucial.
review
will
summarize
roles
selective
activation
ACE2/Ang‐(1–7)/Mas
axis,
focus
treatment
Additionally,
we
discuss
concerns
regarding
applications
challenges
tissue‐specific
this
providing
therapeutic
strategies
for
targeted
hepatic
practice.
Язык: Английский
COVID-19 – multisystem disease
Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
66(1), С. 61 - 67
Опубликована: Май 15, 2025
Severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2),
the
virus
responsible
for
disease
2019
(COVID-19),
caused
a
global
public
health
crisis,
with
significant
impact
on
multiple
body
systems.
This
virus,
member
of
Coronaviridae
family,
shows
~80%
genomic
similarity
to
SARS-CoV
and
~50%
Middle
East
(MERS-CoV).
The
spike
(S)
protein
plays
an
essential
role
in
pathogenesis
as
it
facilitates
its
entry
into
host
cells
by
binding
angiotensin-converting
enzyme
(ACE2)
receptor.
In
addition
system
damage,
SARS-CoV-2
infection
causes
variety
gastrointestinal
(GI),
neurological,
cardiovascular
(CV),
ocular,
renal,
etc.
clinical
manifestations.
Neurological
complications,
such
anosmia,
ague,
headache,
encephalitis
cerebrovascular
events,
were
frequently
observed,
being
attributed
both
direct
viral
invasion
very
strong
systemic
inflammatory
response.
GI
symptoms
diarrhea,
nausea
vomiting
are
common
may
occur
independently
symptoms,
presence
ribonucleic
acid
(RNA)
detected
fecal
samples
suggests
possible
fecal-oral
transmission.
CV
is
affected
myocardial
inflammation
coagulation
disorders,
increased
risk
thromboembolic
events.
At
ocular
level,
was
identified
secretions,
conjunctivitis,
uveitis
episcleritis
observed
about
11%
patients.
Renal
involvement,
manifested
kidney
injury,
0.5-7%
cases.
conclusion,
not
limited
tract
involvement
but
also
has
implications.
Язык: Английский
SARS-CoV-2 point mutations are over-represented in terminal loops of RNA stem-loop structures that can be resolved by Nsp13 helicase in a unique manner with respect to nucleotide dependence
Nucleic Acids Research,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
53(10)
Опубликована: Май 22, 2025
Abstract
To
improve
health
outcomes
for
COVID-19
(coronavirus
disease
2019)
patients,
the
factors
that
influence
coronavirus
genome
variation
need
to
be
ascertained.
The
SARS-CoV-2
(severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
2)
is
rich
in
predicted
RNA
secondary
structures,
particularly
stem-loops
(SLs)
formed
by
intramolecular
base
pairing
within
palindromic
sequences.
We
analyzed
NCBI
Virus
collection
of
sequences
from
individuals
map
variants
relative
SL
structural
elements.
Point
mutations
genome,
with
a
C-to-U
transition
bias,
were
over-represented
unpaired
nucleotides
and,
more
specifically,
terminal
loops
structures.
As
sole
helicase
encoded
SARS-CoV-2,
Nsp13
may
operate
timely
resolution
structures
facilitate
copying
or
processing.
characterized
resolve
sequence-derived
unimolecular
substrates
and
determined
it
does
so
functionally
cooperative
manner.
In
addition
ATP,
resolves
structure
absence
nucleotide,
contrast
strict
ATP
requirement
bimolecular
forked
duplex.
suggest
model
which
series
binary
ternary
complex
interactions
nucleotide
and/or
pose
mechanistic
implications
resolution.
Язык: Английский
The Role of Long-Range Non-Specific Electrostatic Interactions in Inhibiting the Pre-Fusion Proteolytic Processing of the SARS-CoV-2 S Glycoprotein by Heparin
Biomolecules,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(6), С. 778 - 778
Опубликована: Май 28, 2025
The
proteolytic
processing
of
the
SARS-CoV-2
spike
glycoprotein
by
host
cell
membrane-associated
proteases
is
a
key
step
in
both
entry
invading
virus
into
and
release
newly
generated
viral
particles
from
infected
cell.
Because
critical
importance
this
for
infectivity
cycle,
it
has
been
target
extensive
efforts
aimed
at
identifying
highly
specific
protease
inhibitors
as
potential
antiviral
agents.
An
alternative
strategy
to
disrupt
pre-fusioviden
S
aims
protect
substrate
rather
than
directly
inhibit
proteases.
In
work,
we
focused
on
furin,
serine
located
primarily
Golgi
apparatus,
but
also
present
membrane.
Its
cleavage
site
within
stalk
region
latter
comprises
an
arginine-rich
segment
(SPRRARS),
which
fits
definition
Cardin–Weintraub
glycosaminoglycan
recognition
motif.
Native
mass
spectrometry
(MS)
measurements
confirmed
binding
hexadecameric
peptide
representing
loop
S1/S2
interface
incorporating
furin
(FCS)
heparin
fragments
various
lengths,
well
unfractionated
(UFH),
although
physiological
ionic
strength,
only
UFH
remains
tightly
bound
FCS.
direct
LC/MS
monitoring
FCS
digestion
with
revealed
significant
impact
proteolysis
kinetics,
had
IC50
values
that
could
be
considered
physiologically
relevant
(0.6
±
0.1
mg/mL).
results
work
highlight
long-range
relatively
non-specific
electrostatic
interactions
modulating
pathological
processes
emphasize
multi-faceted
role
played
managing
coronavirus
infections.
Язык: Английский
ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in human kidney tissue and urine extracellular vesicles with age, sex, and COVID-19
Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2024
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2
virus
infects
cells
by
engaging
with
ACE2
requiring
protease
TMPRSS2.
is
highly
expressed
in
kidneys.
Predictors
for
severe
disease
are
high
age
and
male
sex.
We
hypothesized
that
TMPRSS2
proteins
more
abundant
(1)
males
increasing
kidney
(2)
urine
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
from
patients
COVID-19
(3)
present
EVs
during
infection.
Kidney
cortex
samples
subjected
to
cancer
nephrectomy
(male/female;
<
50
years/˃75
years,
n
=
24;
˃80
15)
were
analyzed
protein
levels.
Urine
hospitalized
infection
was
uEVs
used
immunoblotting
mRNA
antigen
detection.
Tissue
levels
did
not
change
age.
kidneys
any
group.
associated
proximal
tubule
apical
membranes
cortex.
observed
predominantly
the
medulla.
elevated
significantly
no
sex
difference
compared
controls
w/wo
albuminuria.
female.
co-localize
uEVs/apical
membranes.
nucleoprotein
detected
urine.
Higher
abundance
unlikely
explain
higher
susceptibility
males.
tubular
appear
susceptible
Loss
of
into
COVID
could
impact
angiotensin
metabolism.
Язык: Английский