Policy
effectiveness
is
a
critical
measure
for
assessing
whether
policies
are
working
and
determining
necessary
adjustments.
However,
understanding
the
of
plastic
significant
gap
in
toolkit
driving
solutions
to
plastics
crisis.
This
review
examines
evaluations
existing
tools
policy
effectiveness.
The
further
identifies
barriers
before
proposing
ways
forward.
Most
studies
focus
on
bag
bans
or
taxes,
neglecting
other
instruments.
Additionally,
these
often
employ
simple
attribution
approaches,
rather
than
causal
inference
methods,
limiting
our
ability
determine
true
impact
desired
outcomes.
lack
monitoring
evaluation
hampers
knowledge
acquisition.
global
economy
measurable
success
metrics
insufficient,
hindering
design
systemic
interventions.
These
findings
highlight
development
with
limited
information.
A
more
nuanced
effective
necessary,
including
harmonised
approach
evaluations,
shared
definition
effectiveness,
use
rapid
assessment
integration
into
Sustainability,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
15(11), С. 9087 - 9087
Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2023
Plastic
pollution
is
recognized
as
one
of
the
most
urgent
global
environmental
concerns.
China
top
producer
and
consumer
plastics
creates
plastic
waste
globally.
To
evaluate
policy
options
to
control
in
China,
we
first
reviewed
relevant
policies
action
plans
place.
Then,
examined
plastic-material
flows
changes
at
national
level
based
on
officially
published
data
current
situation
efficacy
macro-level.
Results
showed
that
2016,
start
13th
Five-Year
Plan,
was
a
pivotal
year
history
China’s
tackling
issues
nationally
internationally.
Since
growth
trend
production
consumption
products
has
slowed
recycling
rate
risen,
surpassing
30%
2021.
further
tackle
pollution,
key
suggestions
with
important
implications
were
provided,
covering
better
integration
policies,
combined
management
vertical–horizontal
governance,
tracking-system
implementation,
introduction
quality-certification
system,
development
behaviour-based
consumer-oriented
solutions,
promotion
stakeholder
collaboration,
need
for
appropriate
post-COVID-19
policies.
Water Environment Research,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
96(7)
Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024
Every
year,
the
global
production
of
plastic
waste
reaches
a
staggering
400
million
metric
tons
(Mt),
precipitating
adverse
consequences
for
environment,
food
safety,
and
biodiversity
as
it
degrades
into
microplastics
(MPs).
The
multifaceted
nature
MP
pollution,
coupled
with
its
intricate
physiological
impacts,
underscores
pressing
need
comprehensive
policies
legislative
frameworks.
Such
measures,
alongside
advancements
in
technology,
hold
promise
averting
ecological
catastrophe
oceans.
Mandated
legislation
represents
pivotal
step
towards
restoring
oceanic
health
securing
well-being
planet.
This
work
offers
an
overview
policy
hurdles,
initiatives,
prospective
strategies
addressing
pollution
due
to
MP.
Additionally,
this
explores
innovative
approaches
that
yield
fresh
insights
combating
across
various
sectors.
Emphasizing
importance
plastics
treaty,
article
potential
galvanize
collaborative
efforts
mitigating
pollution's
deleterious
effects
on
marine
ecosystems.
Successful
implementation
such
treaty
could
revolutionize
economy,
steering
circular,
less
polluting
model
operating
within
planetary
boundaries.
Failure
act
decisively
risks
exacerbating
scourge
attendant
repercussions
both
humanity
environment.
Central
endeavor
are
formulation,
content,
execution
itself,
which
demand
careful
consideration.
While
recognizing
is
not
panacea,
serves
mechanism
enhancing
governance
elevating
ambitions
achieving
zero
by
2040.
Adopting
life
cycle
approach
management
allows
nuanced
understanding
possible
trade-offs
between
environmental
impact
economic
growth,
guiding
selection
optimal
solutions
socio-economic
implications
mind.
By
embracing
strategy
integrates
measures
technological
innovations,
we
can
substantially
reduce
influx
litter
at
sources,
safeguarding
oceans
future
generations.
Cambridge Prisms Plastics,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
1
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023
Abstract
Policy
effectiveness
is
a
critical
measure
for
assessing
whether
policies
are
working
and
determining
necessary
adjustments.
However,
understanding
the
of
plastic
significant
gap
in
toolkit
driving
solutions
to
plastics
crisis.
This
review
examines
evaluations
existing
tools
policy
effectiveness.
The
further
identifies
barriers
before
proposing
ways
forward.
Most
studies
focus
on
bag
bans
or
taxes,
neglecting
other
instruments.
Additionally,
these
often
employ
simple
attribution
approaches,
rather
than
causal
inference
methods,
limiting
our
ability
determine
true
impact
desired
outcomes.
lack
monitoring
evaluation
hampers
knowledge
acquisition.
global
economy
measurable
success
metrics
insufficient,
hindering
design
systemic
interventions.
These
findings
highlight
development
with
limited
information.
A
more
nuanced
effective
necessary,
including
harmonised
approach
evaluations,
shared
definition
effectiveness,
use
rapid
assessment
integration
into
Frontiers in Marine Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Май 15, 2024
The
law
on
marine
environmental
protection
is
a
branch
of
the
and
basis
for
conduct
protection.
Since
its
promulgation
in
1982,
China’s
Marine
Environmental
Protection
Law
has
undergone
two
revisions
three
amendments,
forming
legal
system
based
Constitution,
with
as
overarching
principle,
core,
various
laws
elements
gripping
force.
revision
2023
was
2018
supervision
inspection
enforcement
team
Standing
Committee
National
People’s
Congress,
implementation
construction
strong
maritime
country,
adaptation
to
reform
ocean
governance
system.
Compared
previous
Law,
improvements
newly
revised
are
mainly
reflected
following:
optimizing
institutional
mechanism,
reflecting
Land
Sea
Coordination,
strengthening
management,
litter
pollution
prevention
control,
enhancing
biodiversity,
regulation
estuaries,
strict
liability.
