Lipid droplets in the nervous system

The Journal of Cell Biology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 220(7)

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2021

Lipid droplets are dynamic intracellular lipid storage organelles that respond to the physiological state of cells. In addition controlling cell metabolism, they play a protective role for many cellular stressors, including oxidative stress. Despite prior descriptions appearing in brain as early century ago, only recently has cells found begun be understood. droplet functions have now been described nervous system context development, aging, and an increasing number neuropathologies. Here, we review basic mechanisms formation, turnover, function discuss how these enable different types under healthy pathological conditions.

Язык: Английский

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The effects of trifluoperazine on brain edema, aquaporin-4 expression and metabolic markers during the acute phase of stroke using photothrombotic mouse model

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 1863(5), С. 183573 - 183573

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2021

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and third disability globally. Edema a hallmark stroke resulting from dysregulation water homeostasis in central nervous system (CNS) plays major role stroke-associated morbidity mortality. The overlap between cellular vasogenic edema makes treating this condition complicated, to date, there no pathogenically oriented drug treatment for edema. Water balance brain tightly regulated, primarily by aquaporin 4 (AQP4) channels, which are mainly expressed perivascular astrocytic end-feet. Targeting AQP4 could be useful therapeutic approach edema; however, approved that can directly block AQP4. In study, we demonstrate FDA-approved trifluoperazine (TFP) effectively reduces cerebral during early acute phase post-stroke mice using photothrombotic model. This effect was combined with an inhibition expression at gene protein levels. Importantly, TFP does not appear induce any deleterious changes on electrolytes or metabolic markers, including total lipid Our results support possible providing beneficial extra-osmotic energy metabolism, as indicated increase glycogen We propose targeting AQP4-mediated viable strategy further investigated later stages help developing novel CNS therapies.

Язык: Английский

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Pathophysiology and Current Drug Treatments for Post-Stroke Depression: A Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(23), С. 15114 - 15114

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2022

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a biopsychosocial disorder that affects individuals who have suffered stroke at any point. PSD has 20 to 60 percent reported prevalence among survivors. Its effects are usually adverse, can lead disability, and may increase mortality if not managed or treated early. linked several other medical conditions, including anxiety, hyper-locomotor activity, poor functional recovery. Despite significant awareness of its adverse impacts, understanding the pathogenesis proved challenging. The exact pathophysiology unknown, yet complexity been definitively shown, involving mechanisms such as dysfunction monoamine, glutamatergic systems, gut-brain axis, neuroinflammation. current effectiveness treatment about 30–40 all cases. In this review, we examined different pathophysiological pharmacological non-pharmacological approaches for PSD.

Язык: Английский

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Antioxidant peptides, the guardian of life from oxidative stress

Medicinal Research Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 44(1), С. 275 - 364

Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2023

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during oxidative metabolism in aerobic organisms. Under normal conditions, ROS production and elimination a relatively balanced state. However, under internal or external environmental stress, such as high glucose levels UV radiation, can increase significantly, leading to stress. Excess not only damages biomolecules but is also closely associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases, skin photoaging, diabetes, cancer. Antioxidant peptides (AOPs) naturally occurring artificially designed that reduce other pro-oxidants, thus showing great potential treatment stress-related diseases. In this review, we discussed its role inducing diseases humans. Additionally, sources, mechanism action, evaluation methods AOPs provided directions for future studies on AOPs.

Язык: Английский

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Oxidative stress: A target to treat Alzheimer's disease and stroke

Neurochemistry International, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 165, С. 105509 - 105509

Опубликована: Март 11, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Balancing the Mind: Toward a Complete Picture of the Interplay between Gut Microbiota, Inflammation and Major Depressive Disorder

Brain Research Bulletin, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 216, С. 111056 - 111056

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2024

The intricate interplay existing between gut microbiota and homeostasis extends to the realm of brain, where emerging research underscores significant impact on mood regulation overall neurological well-being vice-versa, with inflammation playing a pivotal role in mediating these complex interactions. This comprehensive review explores inflammation, alterations microbiota, their major depressive disorder (MDD). It provides cohesive framework for puzzle pieces this triad, emphasizing recent advancements understanding inflammatory states' contribution features. Two directions communication brain depression are discussed, serving as potential modulator. Therapeutic implications were discussed well, drawing insights from interventional studies effects probiotics bacterial composition symptoms. Ultimately, will attempt provide complete valuable future therapeutic interventions MDD.

Язык: Английский

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The Crucial Role of the Blood–Brain Barrier in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Mechanisms of Disruption and Therapeutic Implications

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(2), С. 386 - 386

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2025

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a crucial structure that maintains brain homeostasis by regulating the entry of molecules and cells from bloodstream into central nervous system (CNS). Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Parkinson's disease, well ischemic stroke, compromise integrity BBB. This leads to increased permeability infiltration harmful substances, thereby accelerating neurodegeneration. In this review, we explore mechanisms underlying BBB disruption, including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, vascular dysfunction, loss tight junction integrity, in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. We discuss how breakdown contributes neurotoxicity, abnormal accumulation pathological proteins, all which exacerbate neuronal damage facilitate disease progression. Furthermore, potential therapeutic strategies aimed at preserving or restoring function, anti-inflammatory treatments, antioxidant therapies, approaches enhance integrity. Given role neurodegeneration, maintaining its represents promising approach slow prevent progression

Язык: Английский

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AIM2 inflammasome mediates hallmark neuropathological alterations and cognitive impairment in a mouse model of vascular dementia

Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 26(8), С. 4544 - 4560

Опубликована: Дек. 9, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Stroke: Molecular mechanisms and therapies: Update on recent developments

Neurochemistry International, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 162, С. 105458 - 105458

Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Brain-Protective Mechanisms of Transcription Factor NRF2: Toward a Common Strategy for Neurodegenerative Diseases

The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 62(1), С. 255 - 277

Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2021

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the loss of homeostatic functions that control redox and energy metabolism, neuroinflammation, proteostasis. The transcription factor nuclear erythroid 2–related 2 (NRF2) is a master controller these functions, its overall activity compromised during aging in diseases. However, NRF2 can be activated pharmacologically now being considered common therapeutic target. Many gaps still exist our knowledge specific role plays specialized brain cell or how cells respond to hallmarks This review discusses relevance several hallmark features neurodegenerative current status pharmacological activators might pass through blood-brain barrier provide disease-modifying effect.

Язык: Английский

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