Striatal insights: a cellular and molecular perspective on repetitive behaviors in pathology
Charlotte Lauren Burton,
A Longaretti,
Andjela Zlatanovic
и другие.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
18
Опубликована: Март 27, 2024
Animals
often
behave
repetitively
and
predictably.
These
repetitive
behaviors
can
have
a
component
that
is
learned
ingrained
as
habits,
which
be
evolutionarily
advantageous
they
reduce
cognitive
load
the
expenditure
of
attentional
resources.
Repetitive
also
conscious
deliberate,
may
occur
in
absence
habit
formation,
typically
when
are
feature
normal
development
children,
or
neuropsychiatric
disorders.
They
considered
pathological
interfere
with
social
relationships
daily
activities.
For
instance,
people
affected
by
obsessive-compulsive
disorder,
autism
spectrum
Huntington’s
disease
Gilles
de
la
Tourette
syndrome
display
wide
range
symptoms
like
compulsive,
stereotyped
ritualistic
behaviors.
The
striatum
nucleus
basal
ganglia
proposed
to
act
master
regulator
these
through
its
circuit
connections
sensorimotor,
associative,
limbic
areas
cortex.
However,
precise
mechanisms
within
striatum,
detailing
compartmental
organization,
cellular
specificity,
intricacies
downstream
connections,
remain
an
area
active
research.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
evidence
across
multiple
scales,
including
circuit-level,
cellular,
molecular
dimensions,
elucidate
striatal
underpinning
offer
perspectives
on
implicated
We
consider
close
relationship
between
behavioral
output
transcriptional
changes,
thereby
structural
alterations,
those
occurring
epigenetic
processes.
Язык: Английский
Dopamine Dysregulation in Reward and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Brain Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(7), С. 733 - 733
Опубликована: Июль 22, 2024
Autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD)
is
primarily
characterized
by
core
deficits
in
social
skills,
communication,
and
cognition
repetitive
stereotyped
behaviors.
These
manifestations
are
variable
between
individuals,
ASD
pathogenesis
complex,
with
over
a
thousand
implicated
genes,
many
epigenetic
factors,
multiple
environmental
influences.
The
mesolimbic
dopamine
(DA)
mediated
brain
reward
system
held
to
play
key
role,
but
the
rapidly
expanding
literature
reveals
intricate,
nuanced
signaling
involving
wide
array
of
loci,
neurotransmitters
receptor
subtypes,
neuronal
variants.
How
altered
DA
may
constitute
downstream
convergence
manifold
causal
origins
not
well
understood.
A
clear
working
framework
help
delineate
common
stages
potential
diagnostic
interventional
opportunities.
Hence,
we
summarize
known
natural
history
context
emerging
data
perspectives
update
signaling.
Then,
against
this
backdrop,
proffer
provisional
that
organizes
into
successive
levels,
including
(1)
genetic
changes,
(2)
disrupted
pathways,
(3)
dysregulated
neurotransmitter/DA
signaling,
finally,
(4)
neurocognitive
behavior
possible
antagonist/agonist
based
interventions.
This
subdivision
logical
progression
potentially
addressable
parts
facilitate
rational
formulation
diagnostics
targeted
treatments.
Язык: Английский
A network meta-analysis of non-invasive brain stimulation interventions for autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from randomized controlled trials
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
164, С. 105807 - 105807
Опубликована: Июль 7, 2024
The
efficacy
and
acceptability
of
various
non-invasive
brain
stimulation
(NIBS)
interventions
for
autism
spectrum
disorder
remain
unclear.
We
carried
out
a
systematic
review
randomized
controlled
trials
(RCTs)
regarding
NIBS
reducing
autistic
symptoms
(INPLASY202370003).
Sixteen
articles
(N
=
709)
met
the
inclusion
criteria
network
meta-analysis.
Effect
sizes
were
reported
as
standardized
mean
differences
(SMDs)
or
odds
ratios
with
95
%
confidence
intervals
(CIs).
Fourteen
active
interventions,
including
transcranial
direct
current
(tDCS),
repetitive
magnetic
stimulation,
pulse
analyzed.
Only
anodal
tDCS
over
left
dorsolateral
prefrontal
cortex
paired
cathodal
an
extracephalic
location
(atDCS_F3
+
ctDCS_E)
significantly
improved
compared
to
sham
controls
(SMD
-
1.40,
%CIs
2.67
0.14).
None
markedly
social-communication
restricted/repetitive
behaviors
in
participants.
Moreover,
no
exhibited
significant
dropout
rate
controls,
serious
adverse
events
any
intervention.
Язык: Английский
Autism spectrum disorder and various mechanisms behind it
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
245, С. 173887 - 173887
Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2024
Язык: Английский
Habenula alterations in resting state functional connectivity among autistic individuals
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 14, 2025
The
reward-based
theoretical
framework
of
autism
suggests
that
altered
reward
circuitry
contributes
to
core
symptoms.
Recent
prior
research
has
revealed
autism-related
structural
alterations
in
the
habenula,
a
small
epithalamic
structure
associated
with
motivation
and
emotion;
however,
potential
functional
connectivity
(FC)
remain
unexplored.
Anatomical
resting
state
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(rs-fMRI)
data
were
accessed
for
1,584
participants
(N=705
autism;
mean
age:
16.26
±
8.15
years)
Autism
Brain
Imaging
Data
Exchange
(ABIDE).
To
investigate
habenula
alterations,
we
conducted
whole-brain
FC
analysis,
followed
by
regression
analyses
explore
age
brain-behavior
interactions.
Across
entire
sample,
extensive
was
observed
within
midbrain
dopaminergic
system.
Compared
neurotypical
(NT)
controls,
autistic
exhibited
significantly
increased
habenular
right
middle
temporal
gyrus
bilateral
superior
gyri.
From
childhood
early
adulthood,
adolescents,
inversely
decreased
NTs,
left
culmen
parahippocampus.
Between
groups,
hyperconnectivity
behavioral
scores
social
motivation,
executive
functioning,
daily
living
skills,
but
not
communication.
This
study
provides
novel
evidence
autism,
highlighting
atypical
auditory
cortex.
Further
findings
suggest
develops
differently
among
links
between
adaptive
behaviors.
Taken
together,
these
results
contribute
emerging
system
may
play
critical
role
pathophysiology
autism.
Язык: Английский
Pilot Study of Personalized Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Spectral Electroencephalogram Analyses for Assessing and Treating Persons with Autism
Journal of Personalized Medicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(8), С. 857 - 857
Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2024
Autism
spectrum
condition
(ASC)
is
a
neurodevelopmental
that
only
partly
responsive
to
prevailing
interventions.
ASC
manifests
core
challenges
in
social
skills,
communication,
and
sensory
function
by
repetitive
stereotyped
behaviors,
along
with
imbalances
the
brain’s
excitatory
(E)
inhibitory
(I)
signaling.
Repetitive
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
(rTMS)
has
shown
promise
may
be
useful
addition
applied
behavioral
analysis
(ABA),
gold-standard
psychotherapeutic
intervention.
We
report
an
open-label
clinical
pilot
(initial)
study
which
ABA-treated
persons
(n
=
123)
received
our
personalized
rTMS
protocol
(PrTMS).
PrTMS
uses
low
TMS
pulse
intensities
continuously
updates
multiple
cortical
locales
frequencies
based
on
spectral
EEG
psychometrics.
No
adverse
effects
developed,
44%
of
subjects
had
scale
scores
reduced
below
diagnostic
cutoffs.
Importantly,
responders,
regression
flattened,
implying
more
balanced
E/I
ratio.
Moreover,
older
participants,
alpha
peak
frequency
increased,
positive
correlate
non-verbal
cognition.
effective
intervention,
offering
improved
cognitive
overall
symptomatology.
This
warrants
further
research
into
mechanisms
specific
types
who
benefit,
validation
present
results
exploration
broader
applicability.
Язык: Английский
Structure of subcortico-cortical tracts in middle-aged and older adults with autism spectrum disorder
Cerebral Cortex,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
34(12)
Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2024
Abstract
Middle-aged
and
older
adults
with
autism
spectrum
disorder
may
be
susceptible
to
accelerated
neurobiological
changes
in
striato-
thalamo-cortical
tracts
due
combined
effects
of
typical
aging
existing
disparities
present
from
early
neurodevelopment.
Using
magnetic
resonance
imaging,
we
employed
diffusion-weighted
imaging
automated
tract-segmentation
explore
tract
microstructure
volume
differences
between
autistic
(n
=
29)
comparison
33)
(40
70
years
old).
Fractional
anisotropy,
mean
diffusivity,
volumes
were
measured
for
14
striato-cortical
12
bundles.
Data
examined
using
linear
regressions
group
by
age
plus
effects,
false
discovery
rate
correction
was
applied.
Following
correction,
thalamocortical
premotor,
pericentral,
parietal
regions
significantly
reduced
compared
groups,
but
no
interactions
found.
Uncorrected
results
suggested
additional
main
might
both
diffusivity
across
multiple
subcortico-cortical
tracts.
Results
indicate
parallel
rather
than
during
adulthood
those
relative
peers
though
are
the
most
reliable.
Язык: Английский
Genetic liability underlying reward-related comorbidity in psychiatric disorders involves the coincident functions of autism–linked ADGRL1 and hevin
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июль 5, 2024
ABSTRACT
Comorbidity
between
psychiatric
traits
is
thought
to
involve
overlapping
pleiotropic
effects
from
sets
of
genes.
Notably,
substance
abuse
a
shared
comorbid
condition
among
various
neurodevelopmental
disorders
with
externalizing
symptoms
such
as
autism
spectrum
disorder
and
attention-deficit
hyperactivity
disorder,
thus
hinting
at
the
nucleus
accumbens
(NAc)
site
for
predisposition
underlying
convergence
genetic
influences
in
reward-related
comorbidity.
Here,
we
identify
autism-related
gene
encoding
adhesion
G
protein-coupled
receptor
(aGPCR)
Latrophilin-1/ADGRL1
an
essential
transducer
reward
mechanisms
NAc.
We
found
that
ADGRL1
mRNA
ubiquitously
expressed
throughout
major
NAc
neuronal
populations
mice.
A
mouse
model
pan-neuronal
Adgrl1
deficiency
displayed
cocaine-seeking
impairments
adult
individuals
denoting
its
role
drug-induced
reinforcement
reward.
Connecting
molecular
pathways
cocaine-induced
learning,
uncover
constitutes
functional
cocaine
effector
molecule
hevin/SPARCL1.
Indeed,
hevin
interacts
membrane-expressed
induces
internalization
while
stabilizing
uncleaved
fraction.
Moreover,
alters
formation
intercellular
contacts
mediated
by
Neurexin-1.
Importantly,
constitutive
coupling
protein
selectively
modulated
stimulation
bias
toward
Gi3,
Gs,
G13
proteins.
These
findings
unveil
dual
risk
factors
both
define
etiology
Язык: Английский
Circuit mechanisms underlying sexually dimorphic outcomes of early life stress
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Ноя. 28, 2024
ABSTRACT
Stress
during
early
life
influences
brain
development
and
can
affect
social,
motor,
emotional
processes.
We
describe
a
striking
sex
difference
in
the
effects
of
stress
(ELS),
which
produces
anhedonia
anxiety-like
behaviors
female
adolescent
mice,
as
reported
previously,
but
repetitive
behavioral
pathology
social
deficits
male
mice.
Notably,
this
parallels
differences
seen
prevalence
psychiatric
symptoms:
depression
anxiety
disorders
are
more
common
girls
women,
whereas
neurodevelopmental
like
autism
spectrum
disorder
Tourette
syndrome
markedly
boys
men.
characterized
ELS
on
medial
prefrontal
cortex
(mPFC)
its
projections
to
dorsal
striatum
(dStr)
lateral
septum
(LS).
males,
not
females,
developed
hyperactivity
cortico-striatal
circuit
hypoactivity
cortico-septal
circuit.
Chemogenetic
manipulation
projection
neurons
modulates
stressed
females.
Activation
rescues
males.
conclude
that
sexually
dimorphic
effects,
with
potential
relevance
human
symptoms,
through
differential
circuits.
Язык: Английский