Neuromodulation techniques – From non-invasive brain stimulation to deep brain stimulation

Neurotherapeutics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(3), С. e00330 - e00330

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2024

Over the past 30 years, field of neuromodulation has witnessed remarkable advancements. These developments encompass a spectrum techniques, both non-invasive and invasive, that possess ability to probe influence central nervous system. In many cases therapies have been adopted into standard care treatments. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current (tDCS), ultrasound (TUS) are most common methods in use today. Deep brain (DBS), spinal cord (SCS), vagus nerve (VNS), leading surgical for neuromodulation. Ongoing active clinical trials using uncovering novel applications paradigms these interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Transcranial focused ultrasound of the amygdala modulates fear network activation and connectivity

Brain stimulation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(2), С. 312 - 320

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

BackgroundCurrent noninvasive brain stimulation methods are incapable of directly modulating subcortical regions critically involved in psychiatric disorders. Transcranial Focused Ultrasound (tFUS) is a newer form that could modulate the amygdala, region implicated fear.ObjectiveWe investigated effects active and sham tFUS amygdala on fear circuit activation, skin conductance responses (SCR), self-reported anxiety during fear-inducing task. We also tFUS' amygdala-fear resting-state functional connectivity.MethodsThirty healthy individuals were randomized this double-blinded study to or left amygdala. collected fMRI scans, SCR, task (participants viewed red green circles which indicated risk receiving an aversive stimulus), as well before after tFUS.ResultsCompared tFUS, was associated with decreased (pre post tFUS) blood-oxygen-level-dependent activation (F(1,25) = 4.86, p 0.04, η2 0.16) task, lower hippocampal (F(1,27) 4.41, 0.05, 0.14), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex 6.26, 0.02; 0.19) The decrease correlated subjective (r 0.62, 0.03). There no group effect SCR changes from pre (F(1,23) 0.85, 0.37). showed amygdala-insula (F(1,28) 4.98, 0.03) amygdala-hippocampal 7.14, 0.01) rsFC, increased amygdala-ventromedial prefrontal 3.52, 0.05) connectivity.ConclusionstFUS can change connectivity anxiety. Future studies should investigate therapeutic potential for clinical levels

Язык: Английский

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A review of functional neuromodulation in humans using low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound

Biomedical Engineering Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(3), С. 407 - 438

Опубликована: Март 2, 2024

Transcranial ultrasonic neuromodulation is a rapidly burgeoning field where low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS), with exquisite spatial resolution and deep tissue penetration, used to non-invasively activate or suppress neural activity in specific brain regions. Over the past decade, there has been rapid increase of tFUS studies healthy humans subjects central nervous system (CNS) disease conditions, including recent surge clinical investigations patients. This narrative review summarized findings human using either unfocused (TUS) reported from 2013 2023. The were categorized into two separate sections: research studies. A total 42 reviewed as grouped by targeted regions, various cortical, subcortical, areas thalamus. For research, 22 articles for each studied CNS condition, chronic pain, disorder consciousness, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's depression, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, substance use disorder, drug-resistant epilepsy, stroke. Detailed information on subjects/cohorts, target sonication parameters, outcome readouts, stimulatory efficacies tabulated study. In later sections, considerations planning also concisely discussed. With an excellent safety profile date, growth underscores increasing interest recognition its significant potential non-invasive stimulation (NIBS), offering theranostic neurological psychiatric conditions neuroscientific tools functional mapping.

Язык: Английский

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A systematic review of preclinical and clinical transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation and opportunities for functional connectomics

Brain stimulation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(4), С. 734 - 751

Опубликована: Июнь 15, 2024

Low-intensity transcranial ultrasound has surged forward as a non-invasive and disruptive tool for neuromodulation with applications in basic neuroscience research the treatment of neurological psychiatric conditions. To provide comprehensive overview update preclinical clinical low intensity emphasize emerging role functional brain mapping to guide, better understand, predict responses. A systematic review was conducted by searching Web Science Scopus databases studies on neuromodulation, both humans animals. 187 relevant were identified reviewed, including 116 71 reports subjects belonging diverse cohorts. Milestones are described within an broader landscape. General neural readouts outcome measures discussed, potential confounds noted, use magnetic resonance imaging is highlighted. Ultrasound emerged powerful study treat range conditions its combination various significantly advanced this platform. In particular, yielded exciting inferences into advance our understanding function, neuromodulatory mechanisms, ultimately outcomes. It anticipated that these trials first many; focused ultrasound, particularly imaging, enhance spectrum

Язык: Английский

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Early-phase neuroplasticity induced by offline transcranial ultrasound stimulation in primates

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 56, С. 101370 - 101370

Опубликована: Март 8, 2024

The use of 'offline' transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) protocols is particular interest in the rapidly growing field low-intensity TUS. Offline TUS can modulate neural activity up to several hours after stimulation, suggesting induction early-phase neuroplasticity. Studies both humans and nonhuman primates have shown spatially specific changes neuromodulation target a distributed network regions associated with it. These suggest that excitatory or inhibitory effects are result complex interaction between protocol used underlying brain region state. Understanding how neuroplasticity induced by offline could open avenues for influencing late-phase therapeutic applications wide range disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Transcranial focused ultrasound targeting the default mode network for the treatment of depression

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2025

Introduction Up to 50% of individuals fail respond current depression treatments. Repetitive negative thought and default mode network hyperconnectivity are central in can potentially be targeted using novel neuromodulation techniques. This community-based study assessed whether a treatment non-invasive transcranial focused ultrasound targeting the decrease symptoms repetitive thought, improve quality life. Methods Study recruitment began August 2023 ended February 2024. Twenty aged 18 – 50 were enrolled from among 247 screened. Exclusion criteria included history psychosis/mania, acute suicidality, MRI contraindications, pregnancy, medical neurological factors that may complicate diagnosis or brain function. Participants completed up three weeks (11 sessions) anterior medial prefrontal cortex; ten minutes per session. Depression severity (Beck Inventory II Hamilton Rating Scale), (Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire), life (World Health Organization Quality Life Scale) outcomes. Results sample was young (mean 30.4 years ± 10.0), predominantly female (75%), with moderate severe high comorbidity. Fifty percent participants endorsed psychiatric medication use. Ten subjects dropped out due time constraints. Significant decreases observed over course on self-report, 10.9 (p < 0.001, CI = -13.55, -7.92) interview ratings, 4.2 -5.85, -2.62), as well significant 8.4 <0.001, -10.55, -6.03). Improvements physical psychological well-being also treatment, 7.2 3.64, 10.63) 11.2 7.79, 14.49), respectively, improvements environment satisfaction, 5.0 =0.001, 2.24, 7.56). Discussion Non-invasive holds promise for depression, however, future work including control arms is required ascertain its causal role depression. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06320028intr=Ultrasound&cond=depression&locStr=Arizona&country=United%20States&state=Arizona&rank=1 , identifier NCT06320028.

Язык: Английский

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Ultrasound system for precise neuromodulation of human deep brain circuits

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2024

Abstract Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) has emerged as a promising technique for non-invasive neuromodulation, but current systems lack the precision to target deep brain structures effectively. Here, we introduce an advanced TUS system that achieves unprecedented in neuromodulation. The features 256-element, helmet-shaped transducer array operating at 555 kHz, coupled with stereotactic positioning system, individualised treatment planning, and real-time monitoring using functional MRI. In series of experiments, demonstrate system’s ability selectively modulate activity lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) its functionally connected regions visual cortex. Participants exhibited significantly increased cortex during concurrent stimulation, high reproducibility across individuals. Moreover, theta-burst protocol induced robust neuromodulatory effects, decreased observed least 40 minutes post-stimulation. These effects were specific targeted LGN, confirmed by control experiments. Our findings highlight potential this non-invasively circuits specificity, offering new avenues studying function developing therapies neurological psychiatric disorders. spatial resolution prolonged transformative technology both research clinical applications, paving way era

Язык: Английский

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Cerebral hyperactivation across the Alzheimer’s disease pathological cascade

Brain Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 6(6)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Neuronal dysfunction in specific brain regions or across distributed networks is a known feature of Alzheimer's disease. An often reported finding the early stage disease presence increased functional MRI (fMRI) blood oxygenation level-dependent signal under task conditions relative to cognitively normal controls, phenomenon as 'hyperactivation'. However, research past decades yielded complex, sometimes conflicting results. The magnitude and topology fMRI hyperactivation patterns have been found vary preclinical clinical spectrum disease, including concomitant 'hypoactivation' some cases. These incongruences are likely due range factors, at which cohort examined, areas studied paradigm utilized evoke these abnormalities. Additionally, perennial question pertains nature context Some propose it reflects compensatory mechanisms sustain cognitive performance, while others suggest linked pathological disruption highly regulated homeostatic cycle that contributes to, even drives, progression. Providing coherent narrative for empirical conceptual discrepancies paramount develop models, understand synergy between cascade tailor effective interventions. We first provide comprehensive overview changes spanning course from ageing then highlight evidence supporting close relationship

Язык: Английский

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Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Targeting the Amygdala May Increase Psychophysiological and Subjective Negative Emotional Reactivity in Healthy Older Adults

Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 4(5), С. 100342 - 100342

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2024

The amygdala is highly implicated in an array of psychiatric disorders but not accessible using currently available non-invasive neuromodulatory techniques. Low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (TFUS) a technique that capable reaching subcortical regions non-invasively. Healthy older adult participants (n = 21; ages 48-79) received TFUS targeting the right and left entorhinal cortex (active control region) two-visit within-participant crossover design. Before after TFUS, behavioral measures were collected via State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) emotional reactivity regulation task (ERRT) utilizing neutral negatively valenced images from International Affective Pictures Set (IAPS). Heart rate self-reported valence arousal measured during ERRT order to investigate subjective physiological responses task. Significant increases both response negative heart inter-trial intervals observed when targeted amygdala; these changes evident was targeted. No significant found for state anxiety, images, cardiac or emotion regulation. results this study provide preliminary evidence single session may alter psychophysiological responses, indicating some potential future neuropsychiatric applications. However, further work on parameters optimization necessary determine how elicit more clinically advantageous direction.

Язык: Английский

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Transcranial focused ultrasound activates feedforward and feedback cortico-thalamo-cortical pathways by selectively activating excitatory neurons

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2024

Abstract Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (tFUS) has been proven capable of altering focal neuronal activities and neural circuits non-invasively in both animals humans. The abilities tFUS for cell-type selection within the targeted area like somatosensory cortex have shown to be parameter related. However, how subpopulations across pathways are affected, example affected connections between brain areas remains unclear. In this study, multi-site intracranial recordings were used quantify responses at (S1), motor (M1) posterior medial thalamic nucleus (POm) cortico-thalamo-cortical (CTC) pathway. We found that when targeting S1 or POm, only regular spiking units (RSUs, putative excitatory neurons) responded specific parameters (duty cycle: 6%-60% pulse repetition frequency: 1500 3000 Hz ) during sonication. RSUs from directly connected (POm S1) showed a synchronized response, which changed directional correlation POm S1. induced excitation activated feedforward feedback loops thalamus, eliciting delayed fast (FSUs) by affecting local network. Our findings indicated can modulate CTC pathway through loops, could influence larger cortical including cortex.

Язык: Английский

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