Involvement of Astrocytes in the Formation, Maintenance, and Function of the Blood–Brain Barrier

Cells, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(2), С. 150 - 150

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2024

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a fundamental structure that protects the composition of brain by determining which ions, metabolites, and nutrients are allowed to enter from blood or leave it towards circulation. BBB structurally composed layer capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) bound each other through tight junctions (TJs). However, its development as well maintenance properties controlled contact BCECs: pericytes, glial cells, even neurons themselves. Astrocytes seem, in particular, have very important role controlling most BBB. Here, we will focus on these latter since comprehension their roles physiology has been continuously expanding, including ability participate neurotransmission complex functions such learning memory. Accordingly, pathological conditions alter astrocytic can BBB's integrity, thus compromising many activities. In this review, also refer different kinds vitro models used study properties, evidencing modifications under conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Role of Glial Cells in Neuronal Function, Mood Disorders, and Drug Addiction

Brain Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(6), С. 558 - 558

Опубликована: Май 30, 2024

Mood disorders and substance use disorder (SUD) are of immense medical social concern. Although significant progress on neuronal involvement in mood reward circuitries has been achieved, it is only relatively recently that the role glia these attracted attention. Detailed understanding glial functions devastating diseases could offer novel interventions. Here, following a brief review involved regulation perception, specific contributions neurotrophic factors, neuroinflammation, gut microbiota to highlighted. In this context, cells (e.g., microglia, astroglia, oligodendrocytes, synantocytes) phenotypic manifestation or SUD emphasized. addition, knowledge potential development therapeutics touched upon.

Язык: Английский

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The Underlying Neurobiological Mechanisms of Psychosis: Focus on Neurotransmission Dysregulation, Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(6), С. 709 - 709

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2024

Psychosis, defined as a set of symptoms that results in distorted sense reality, is observed several psychiatric disorders addition to schizophrenia. This paper reviews the literature relevant underlying neurobiology psychosis. The dopamine hypothesis has been major influence study neurochemistry psychosis and development antipsychotic drugs. However, it became clear early on other factors must be involved dysfunction In current review, reported how these factors, namely dysregulation neurotransmitters [dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)], neuroinflammation, glia (microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes), hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, gut microbiome, oxidative stress, mitochondrial contribute interact with one another. Research increased knowledge complexity psychotic disorders. Potential new pharmacotherapies, including combinations drugs (with pre- probiotics some cases) affecting mentioned above, have suggested. Similarly, putative biomarkers, particularly those related immune system, proposed. Future research both pharmacotherapy biomarkers will require better-designed studies conducted an all stages consider confounders such sex differences comorbidity.

Язык: Английский

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810-nm Photobiomodulation Evokes Glutamate Release in Normal and Rotenone-Dysfunctional Cortical Nerve Terminals by Modulating Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism

Cells, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(2), С. 67 - 67

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025

The dysfunction of mitochondria, the primary source cellular energy and producer reactive oxygen species (ROS), is associated with brain aging neurodegenerative diseases. Scientific evidence indicates that light in visible near-infrared spectrum can modulate mitochondrial activity, a phenomenon known medicine as photobiomodulation therapy (PBM-t). beneficial effects PBM-t on dementia neurodegeneration have been reviewed literature. However, molecular mechanisms underlying these findings yet to be fully elucidated. This study investigates mechanism behind dose-dependent glutamate release nerve terminals after irradiation 810 nm, 1 W for 60 s continuous, cm2, W/cm2, J, J/cm2 (810 nm-1 W) or 0.1 6 nm-0.1 W), focusing activities. results show PBM modulated metabolism cortical supported power-dependent increase oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) activity when stimulated pyruvate plus malate (P/M) succinate (succ) respiratory substrates. PBM-induced OxPhos was sensitive adding rotenone (Complex I inhibitor) antimycin A III synaptosomes were P/M, but only succ. allowed us observe efflux, disrupted presence rotenone, partially restored by due pathway led Complex II. suggests PBM, acting could facilitate physiological communication within neuron-astrocyte network through vesicular release, potentially regulating healthy function dysfunction.

Язык: Английский

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The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Neurological Disorders: A Comprehensive Review

Life, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(10), С. 1234 - 1234

Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2024

Microbes have inhabited the earth for hundreds of millions years longer than humans. The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) represents a bidirectional communication pathway. These communications occur between central nervous system (CNS), enteric (ENS), and emotional cognitive centres brain. field research on gut-brain has grown significantly during past two decades. Signalling occurs gut microbiota brain through neural, endocrine, immune, humoral pathways. A substantial body evidence indicates that MGBA plays pivotal role in various neurological diseases. include Alzheimer's disease (AD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Rett syndrome, attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD), non-Alzheimer's neurodegeneration dementias, fronto-temporal lobe dementia (FTLD), Wilson-Konovalov (WD), multisystem atrophy (MSA), Huntington's chorea (HC), Parkinson's (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral (ALS), temporal epilepsy (TLE), depression, schizophrenia (SCZ). Furthermore, correlation therapeutics will be discussed. Conversely, mood delivery, exercise, psychotropic agents, stress, neurologic drugs can influence MGBA. By understanding MGBA, it may possible to facilitate into microbial-based interventions therapeutic strategies

Язык: Английский

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Curcumin as a potential therapeutic agent for treating neurodegenerative diseases

Neurochemistry International, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 178, С. 105790 - 105790

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive loss of neuronal structure and function, posing a tremendous burden on health systems worldwide. Although underlying pathological mechanisms for various neurodegenerative still unclear, common hallmark is abundance neuroinflammatory processes, which affect both disease onset progression. In this review, we explore pathways role neuroinflammation in further assess potential use curcumin, natural spice with antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties that has been extensively used worldwide as traditional medicine therapeutic agent. Following examination preclinical clinical studies assessed curcumin agent, highlight bioavailability body discuss challenges benefits using compound treating neurodegeneration. elucidating involvement aging neurodegeneration great developing future CNS-related targets, research required to elucidate Curcumin affects brain physiology, especially BBB integrity, under physiological conditions.

Язык: Английский

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A systematic review of the neuropathology and memory decline induced by monosodium glutamate in the Alzheimer’s disease-like animal model

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Окт. 24, 2023

This systematic review analyzes monosodium glutamate (MSG) in the Alzheimer’s disease-like condition to enhance translational research. Our seeks understand how MSG affects brain and causes degenerative disorders. Due significant preclinical data linking toxicity disease lack of a comprehensive or meta-analysis, we initiated study on MSG’s potential link. We searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, DOAJ, Scopus for animal research English language papers without time constraints. used PRISMA-P framework PICO technique collect population, intervention exposure, comparison, result data. It was registered PROSPERO as CRD42022371502. affected mice’s exploratory behaviors short-term working memory. The brain, hippocampus, cerebellar tissue demonstrated neuronal injury-related histological histomorphometric changes. A total 70% MSG-treated mice had poor nesting behavior. treated also more hyperphosphorylated tau protein their cortical hippocampus neurons. Glutamate glutamine levels increased with MSG, dose-dependent mixed horizontal locomotor, grooming, anxiety responses reduced. treatment significantly decreased phospho-CREB levels, supporting idea that neurons were harmed, despite CREB mRNA expression. High doses drastically lower serum serotonin levels. In conclusion, showed AD-like pathology, atrophy, memory impairment. Further longer span deeper behavioral characterization is needed. Systematic registration : https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ , identifier [CRD42022371502].

Язык: Английский

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Role of Glial Cells and Receptors in Schizophrenia Pathogenesis

Neurochemical Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 50(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2025

Язык: Английский

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The crosstalk between CNS resident glial cells and peripheral immune cells is critical for age-dependent demyelination and subsequent remyelination

Biogerontology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(2)

Опубликована: Март 14, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Rare Diseases, Spotlighting Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Huntington’s Disease, and Myasthenia Gravis: Insights from Landscape Analysis of Current Research

Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Rare diseases are a diverse group of disorders that, despite each individual condition's rarity, collectively affect significant portion the global population. Currently approximately 10,000 rare exist globally, with 80% these being identified as having genetic origins. In this Review, we examine data from CAS Content Collection to summarize scientific progress in area diseases. We publication landscape an effort provide insights into current advances and developments. then discuss evolution key concepts field, associations, well major technologies development pipelines disease treatments. focus our attention on three specific diseases: (i) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, terminal neurodegenerative affecting central nervous system resulting progressive loss motor neurons that control voluntary muscles; (ii) Huntington's disease, another causes degeneration nerve cells brain, wide impact person's functional abilities; (iii) myasthenia gravis, chronic autoimmune synaptopathy leading skeletal muscle weakness. While pathogenesis is elucidated, there neither cure nor preventative treatment available, only symptomatic treatment. The objective paper broad overview evolving knowledge specifically biology genetics spotlighted diseases, outline challenges evaluate growth opportunities, aim further efforts solving remaining challenges.

Язык: Английский

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