Exosomes in brain diseases: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets

MedComm, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(3)

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2023

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters of about 100 nm that naturally secreted by cells into body fluids. They derived from endosomes and wrapped in lipid membranes. involved intracellular metabolism intercellular communication. contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, metabolites the cell microenvironment cytoplasm. The contents exosomes can reflect their cells' origin allow observation tissue changes states under disease conditions. Naturally have specific biomolecules act as "fingerprint" parent cells, changed pathological conditions be used biomarkers for diagnosis. low immunogenicity, small size, cross blood-brain barrier. These characteristics make unique engineering carriers. incorporate therapeutic drugs achieve targeted drug delivery. carriers therapy still infancy, but exosome provides a new perspective cell-free therapy. This review discussed relationship occurrence treatment some neuropsychiatric diseases. In addition, future applications diagnosis disorders were evaluated this review.

Язык: Английский

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The Implications of Microglial Regulation in Neuroplasticity-Dependent Stroke Recovery

Biomolecules, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(3), С. 571 - 571

Опубликована: Март 21, 2023

Stroke causes varying degrees of neurological deficits, leading to corresponding dysfunctions. There are different therapeutic principles for each stage pathological development. Neuroprotection is the main treatment in acute phase, and functional recovery becomes primary subacute chronic phases. Neuroplasticity considered basis restoration rehabilitation after stroke, including remodeling dendrites dendritic spines, axonal sprouting, myelin regeneration, synapse shaping, neurogenesis. Spatiotemporal development affects spontaneous rewiring neural circuits brain networks. Microglia resident immune cells that contribute homeostasis under physiological conditions. activated immediately phenotypic polarization changes phagocytic function crucial regulating focal global inflammation recovery. We have previously shown neuroplasticity spatiotemporally consistent with microglial activation, suggesting microglia may a profound impact on stroke be key target post-stroke rehabilitation. In this review, we explore as well functions mechanisms polarization, phagocytosis. This followed by summary microglia-targeted rehabilitative interventions influence promote

Язык: Английский

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Therapeutic Potentials of MicroRNA-126 in Cerebral Ischemia

Molecular Neurobiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 60(4), С. 2062 - 2069

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Current evidence of synaptic dysfunction after stroke: Cellular and molecular mechanisms

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(5)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2024

Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease in which brain tissue damaged due to sudden obstruction of blood flow the or rupture vessels brain, can prompt ischemic hemorrhagic stroke. After stroke onset, ischemia, hypoxia, infiltration components into parenchyma, and lysed cell fragments, among other factors, invariably increase blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, inflammatory response, edema. These changes lead neuronal death synaptic dysfunction, latter poses a significant challenge treatment.

Язык: Английский

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Exosomes and exosomal miRNAs mediate the beneficial effects of exercise in ischemic stroke

International Journal of Sports Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2025

Abstract Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease that one of the leading causes death and neurological disorders worldwide. Exosomes are a novel class intercellular signaling regulators containing cell-specific proteins, lipids, nucleic acids transmit messages between cells tissues. MicroRNAs regulatory non-coding ribonucleic usually present in exosomes as molecules. Studies have shown exosomal microRNAs can improve prognosis ischemic by inhibiting inflammatory response, reducing apoptosis, improving imbalance oxidative antioxidant systems, regulating cellular autophagy, among other processes. Previous studies exercise training exert neuroprotective effects on promoting release expression microRNAs, which turn regulate multiple pathways. may be key targets for to promote health. Therefore, study exercise-mediated their provide new perspectives exploring mechanism intervention prevention treatment stroke.

Язык: Английский

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Aerobic exercise training improves learning and memory performance in hypoxic-exposed rats by activating the hippocampal PKA–CREB–BDNF signaling pathway

BMC Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2025

Abstract Background This study aims to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise training on learning and memory (L&M) performance in rats exposed altitude hypoxia its relationship with hippocampal plasticity PKA–CREB–BDNF signaling pathway. Methods Male Sprague–Dawley were 14.2% or without 60 min non-weight-bearing swimming for 8 weeks. The L&M was evaluated using Morris water maze, mRNA expression PSD95, SYP, PKA, CREB, CBP, BDNF hippocampus detected. Results Chronic exposure significantly impaired reduced BDNF. Aerobic effectively reversed these changes by enhancing synaptic through activation Conclusion can alleviate decline caused exposure, possibly

Язык: Английский

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Exploring Exosome-Based Approaches for Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Molecular Neurobiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 10, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Enriched Environment and Exercise Enhance Stem Cell Therapy for Stroke, Parkinson’s Disease, and Huntington’s Disease

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10

Опубликована: Март 3, 2022

Stem cells, specifically embryonic stem cells (ESCs), mesenchymal (MSCs), induced pluripotent (IPSCs), and neural progenitor (NSCs), are a possible treatment for stroke, Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s (HD). Current preclinical data suggest cell transplantation is potential these chronic conditions that lack effective long-term options. Finding treatments with wider therapeutic window harnessing disease-modifying approach will likely improve clinical outcomes. The overarching concept of therapy entails the use immature while key in recapitulating brain development presents challenge young grafted forming circuitry mature host cells. To this end, exploring strategies designed to nurture graft-host integration enhance reconstruction elusive circuitry. Enriched environment (EE) exercise facilitate It may involve at least two-pronged mechanism whereby EE create conducive microenvironment brain, allowing newly transplanted survive, proliferate, differentiate into cells; vice versa, also train learn neurochemical, physiological, anatomical signals towards better functional connectivity.

Язык: Английский

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Exercise Intervention Modulates Synaptic Plasticity by Inhibiting Excessive Microglial Activation via Exosomes

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16

Опубликована: Июль 19, 2022

Background Exosomes can activate microglia to modulate neural activity and synaptic plasticity by phagocytosis of spines or synapses. Our previous research found that an early 4-week exercise intervention in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats promote the release exosomes protect brain. This study intended further explore intrinsic mechanism neuroprotection exosome after exercise. Methods Rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation (SHAM), with sedentary (SED-MCAO), MCAO (EX-MCAO), injection (EX-MCAO-EXO). Modified neurological severity score (mNSS), infarction volume ratio, microglial activation, dendritic complexity, expression synaptophysin (Syn) postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) detected 28 days intervention. Results (1) The improved body weight mNSS score, survival state infusion was better. (2) Compared SED-MCAO group, EX-MCAO ( P = 0.039) EX-MCAO-EXO groups 0.002) had significantly lower infarct ratios < 0.05), among which group lowest 0.031). (3) a decreased number 0.001) increased process length/cell 0.01) end point/cell values, having 0.036) most value 0.027). (4) total intersections branches apical basal dendrites increase more significant 0.05). (5) levels Syn PSD-95 0.043, PSD−95 0.047) higher than those Conclusion Early stroke inhibit excessive activation regulate release.

Язык: Английский

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Exosomes: the next-generation therapeutic platform for ischemic stroke

Neural Regeneration Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(5), С. 1221 - 1235

Опубликована: Май 10, 2024

Current therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke fall short of the desired objective neurological functional recovery. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new methods treatment this condition. Exosomes are natural cell-derived vesicles that mediate signal transduction between cells under physiological and pathological conditions. They have low immunogenicity, good stability, high delivery efficiency, ability cross blood-brain barrier. These properties exosomes potential lead breakthroughs in stroke. The rapid development nanotechnology has advanced application engineered exosomes, which can effectively improve targeting ability, enhance efficacy, minimize dosages needed. Advances technology also driven clinical translational research on exosomes. In review, we describe effects their positive roles current stroke, including anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, autophagy-regulation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, glial scar formation reduction effects. However, it worth noting that, despite significant potential, remains a dearth standardized characterization efficient isolation techniques capable producing highly purified Future optimization should prioritize exploration suitable establishment unified workflows harness diagnostic or applications Ultimately, our review aims summarize understanding exosome-based prospects foster innovative ideas therapies.

Язык: Английский

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