Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
29(7)
Опубликована: Июль 24, 2024
Background:
Acute
and
chronic
brain
damage
in
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(DM)
determines
the
need
to
investigate
neuroprotective
potential
of
glucose-lowering
drugs.
The
purpose
was
directly
compare
effects
glucagon-like
peptide-1
receptor
agonists
(GLP-1RAs)
with
different
duration
action
sodium-glucose
cotransporter-2
inhibitors
(SGLT-2i)
diabetic
rats
without
stroke.
Methods:
DM
modelled
using
high-fat
diet
nicotinamide+streptozotocin
protocol.
following
groups
(n
=
15
each)
were
formed:
treatment,
treatment
liraglutide,
dulaglutide,
canagliflozin
as
well
control
group
treatment.
After
8
weeks,
10
from
each
underwent
middle
cerebral
artery
occlusion.
In
reperfusion
period
neurological
deficit,
neuroglial
markers
necrosis
evaluated.
Brain
slices
remaining
5
animals
histologically
examined
for
microglial
activation
neuronal
damage.
Results:
similar
“DM”
“Control”
(17.53
[14.23;
26.58]
15.87
[13.40;
22.68]
%
total
volume,
respectively).
All
study
drugs
diminished
volume
comparing
whereas
“DM+Liraglutide”
smaller
than
“DM+Canagliflozin”
did
not
significantly
differ
“DM+Dulaglutide”
(2.9
[1.83;
4.71],
6.17
[3.88;
8.88]
4.57
[3.27;
7.90]
%).
deficit
more
prominent
“Control”,
while
all
demonstrated
positive
effect.
Neurofilament
light
chains
(NLC)
between
“Control”.
Dulaglutide
caused
a
marked
decrease
NLC.
Protein
S100BB
level
Liraglutide
largest
decrease,
influence
it.
ischaemia,
increased
number
normal
neurons,
but
GLP-1RAs
had
pronounced
accompanied
by
activated
cells
Cornu
Ammonis
(CA)1
hippocampal
region.
Both
reduced
Iba-1-positive
cells,
dulaglutide
being
effective
affect
this
parameter.
Conclusions:
SGLT-2i
have
properties
against
acute
rats,
although
infarct-limiting
effect
may
be
pronounced.
exert
their
protective
influencing
survival,
also
microglia.
JAMA Ophthalmology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2025
Importance
Semaglutide,
a
glucagonlike
peptide-1
receptor
agonist
(GLP-1RA),
has
recently
been
implicated
in
cases
of
nonarteritic
anterior
ischemic
optic
neuropathy
(NAION),
raising
safety
concerns
the
treatment
type
2
diabetes
(T2D).
Objective
To
investigate
potential
association
between
semaglutide
and
NAION
Observational
Health
Data
Sciences
Informatics
(OHDSI)
network.
Design,
Setting,
Participants
This
was
retrospective
study
across
14
databases
(6
administrative
claims
8
electronic
health
records).
Included
were
adults
with
T2D
taking
semaglutide,
other
GLP-1RA
(dulaglutide,
exenatide),
or
non–GLP-1RA
medications
(empagliflozin,
sitagliptin,
glipizide)
from
December
1,
2017,
to
31,
2023.
The
incidence
proportion
rate
calculated.
Association
assessed
using
approaches:
an
active-comparator
cohort
design
comparing
new
users
those
GLP-1RAs
drugs,
self-controlled
case-series
(SCCS)
analysis
compare
individuals’
risks
during
exposure
nonexposure
periods
for
each
drug.
used
propensity
score–adjusted
Cox
proportional
hazards
models
estimate
hazard
ratios
(HRs).
SCCS
conditional
Poisson
regression
(IRRs).
Network-wide
HR
IRR
estimates
generated
random-effects
meta-analysis
model.
Exposures
non–GLP-1RAs.
Main
Outcomes
Measures
under
alternative
definitions
based
on
diagnosis
codes:
one
more
inclusive
sensitive,
restrictive
specific.
Results
included
37.1
million
individuals
T2D,
including
810
390
users.
Of
43
620
Optum’s
deidentified
Clinformatics
Mart
Database,
24
473
(56%)
aged
50
69
years,
26
699
(61%)
female.
14.5
per
100
000
person-years
among
not
different
compared
that
non–GLP-1RAs
sensitive
definition—empagliflozin
(HR,
1.44;
95%
CI,
0.78-2.68;
P
=
.12),
sitagliptin
1.30;
0.56-3.01;
.27),
glipizide
1.23;
0.66-2.28;
.25).
risk
higher
only
patients
empagliflozin
2.27;
1.16-4.46;
.02)
specific
definition.
showed
increased
(meta-analysis
IRR,
1.32;
1.14-1.54;
<
.001).
Conclusions
Relevance
this
suggest
modest
increase
associated
use,
smaller
than
previously
reported,
warranting
further
investigation
into
clinical
implications
association.
World Journal of Diabetes,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14(2), С. 92 - 109
Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2023
Several
epidemiological
studies
have
clearly
identified
diabetes
mellitus
(DM)
as
a
major
risk
factor
for
cognitive
dysfunction,
and
it
is
going
to
be
public
health
issue
in
the
coming
years
because
of
alarming
rise
prevalence
across
world.
Brain
neural
tissues
predominantly
depend
on
glucose
energy
substrate
hence,
any
alterations
carbohydrate
meta-bolism
can
directly
impact
cerebral
functional
output
including
cognition,
executive
capacity,
memory.
DM
affects
neuronal
function
mental
capacity
several
ways,
some
which
include
hypoperfusion
brain
from
cerebrovascular
disease,
diabetes-related
transporters
causing
abnormalities
uptake
metabolism,
local
hyper-
hypometabolism
areas
insulin
resistance,
recurrent
hypoglycemic
episodes
inherent
pharmacotherapy
resulting
damage.
Cognitive
decline
further
worsen
care
disease
largely
self-managed
by
patients.
Therefore,
crucial
understand
pathobiology
dysfunction
relation
its
management
optimal
long-term
plan
A
thorough
appraisal
normal
metabolic
characteristics
brain,
how
metabolism
diagnostic
algorithm
patients
with
dementia,
prognosis
when
they
this
dangerous
combination
illnesses
imperative
context.
This
evidence-based
narrative
back-up
latest
clinical
trial
reviews
elaborates
current
understanding
empower
physicians
manage
their
day-to-day
practice.
Frontiers in Nutrition,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2024
Obesity,
a
chronic
global
health
problem,
is
associated
with
an
increase
in
various
comorbidities,
such
as
cardiovascular
disease,
type
2
diabetes
mellitus,
hypertension,
and
certain
types
of
cancer.
The
increasing
prevalence
obesity
requires
research
into
new
therapeutic
strategies.
Glucagon-like
peptide-1
receptor
agonists,
specifically
semaglutide
liraglutide,
designed
for
mellitus
treatment,
have
been
explored
drugs
the
treatment
obesity.
This
minireview
describes
molecular
mechanisms
liraglutide
different
metabolic
pathways,
its
mechanism
action
processes
appetite
regulation,
insulin
secretion,
glucose
homeostasis,
energy
expenditure,
lipid
metabolism.
Finally,
several
clinical
trial
outcomes
are
described
to
show
safety
efficacy
these
management.
International Immunopharmacology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
143, С. 113537 - 113537
Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024
GLP-1
receptor
agonists,
traditionally
used
for
treating
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
and
obesity,
have
demonstrated
anti-inflammatory
properties.
However,
their
potential
neuroprotective
effects
in
neurodegenerative
disorders
remain
unclear.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16
Опубликована: Март 11, 2025
Glucagon-like
peptide-1
(GLP-1)
receptor
is
widely
distributed
in
the
digestive
system,
cardiovascular
adipose
tissue
and
central
nervous
system.
Numerous
GLP-1
receptor-targeting
drugs
have
been
investigated
clinical
studies
for
various
indications,
including
type
2
diabetes
obesity
(accounts
70%
of
total
studies),
non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis,
Alzheimer's
disease,
Parkinson's
disease.
This
review
presented
fundamental
information
regarding
two
categories
agonists
(GLP-1RAs):
peptide-based
small
molecule
compounds,
elaborated
their
potential
neuroprotective
effects
by
inhibiting
neuroinflammation,
reducing
neuronal
apoptosis,
ultimately
improving
cognitive
function
neurodegenerative
diseases.
As
a
new
hypoglycemic
drug,
GLP-1RA
has
unique
role
concurrent
risk
stroke
T2D
patients.
Given
infiltration
peripheral
immune
cells
into
brain
tissue,
particularly
areas
surrounding
infarct
lesion,
we
further
regulatory
mechanisms.
could
not
only
facilitate
M2
polarization
microglia
through
both
direct
indirect
pathways,
but
also
modulate
quantity
T
cell
subtypes,
CD4,
CD8,
cells,
resulting
inhibition
inflammatory
responses
promotion
regeneration
interleukin-10
secretion.
Therefore,
believe
that
"Tregs-microglia-neuron/neural
precursor
cells"
axis
instrumental
mediating
suppression
neuroprotection
context
ischemic
stroke.
benefits
rapid
diffusion,
favorable
blood-brain
barrier
permeability
versatile
administration
routes,
these
compounds
will
be
one
important
candidates
GLP-1RA.
We
look
forward
to
evidence
intervention
or
complicated
Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
26(5), С. 445 - 460
Опубликована: Май 4, 2022
Introduction
Diabetes
is
a
risk
factor
for
Parkinson's
disease
(PD)
and
shares
similar
dysregulated
insulin
pathways.
Glucagon-like
peptide-1
(GLP-1)
analogs
originally
designed
to
treat
diabetes
have
shown
potent
neuroprotective
activity
in
preclinical
studies
of
PD.
They
are
by
inhibiting
inflammation,
improving
neuronal
survival,
maintenance
synapses,
dopaminergic
transmission
the
brain.
Building
on
this,
three
clinical
reported
impressive
effects
patients
with
PD,
testing
exendin-4
(Exenatide,
Bydureon)
or
liraglutide
(Victoza,
Saxenda).
Glucose-dependent
insulinotropic
peptide
(GIP)
another
hormone
that
has
good
animal
models
Novel
dual
GLP-1/GIP
agonists
been
developed
can
penetrate
blood–brain
barrier
(BBB)
show
superior
compared
GLP-1
drugs.Areas
covered
The
review
summarizes
GLP-1R
GLP-1/GIPR
PD
discusses
possible
mechanisms
action.Expert
opinion
Current
strategies
lowering
levels
alpha-synuclein
not
trials.
It
time
move
from
'misfolding
protein'
hypothesis.
Growth
factors
such
as
cross
BBB
already
future
drug
discovery
