Contemporary medical, device, and surgical therapies for obesity in adults

The Lancet, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 401(10382), С. 1116 - 1130

Опубликована: Фев. 9, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Beyond the pancreas: contrasting cardiometabolic actions of GIP and GLP1

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 19(4), С. 201 - 216

Опубликована: Дек. 12, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Semaglutide and Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

JAMA Ophthalmology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2025

Importance Semaglutide, a glucagonlike peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), has recently been implicated in cases of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), raising safety concerns the treatment type 2 diabetes (T2D). Objective To investigate potential association between semaglutide and NAION Observational Health Data Sciences Informatics (OHDSI) network. Design, Setting, Participants This was retrospective study across 14 databases (6 administrative claims 8 electronic health records). Included were adults with T2D taking semaglutide, other GLP-1RA (dulaglutide, exenatide), or non–GLP-1RA medications (empagliflozin, sitagliptin, glipizide) from December 1, 2017, to 31, 2023. The incidence proportion rate calculated. Association assessed using approaches: an active-comparator cohort design comparing new users those GLP-1RAs drugs, self-controlled case-series (SCCS) analysis compare individuals’ risks during exposure nonexposure periods for each drug. used propensity score–adjusted Cox proportional hazards models estimate hazard ratios (HRs). SCCS conditional Poisson regression (IRRs). Network-wide HR IRR estimates generated random-effects meta-analysis model. Exposures non–GLP-1RAs. Main Outcomes Measures under alternative definitions based on diagnosis codes: one more inclusive sensitive, restrictive specific. Results included 37.1 million individuals T2D, including 810 390 users. Of 43 620 Optum’s deidentified Clinformatics Mart Database, 24 473 (56%) aged 50 69 years, 26 699 (61%) female. 14.5 per 100 000 person-years among not different compared that non–GLP-1RAs sensitive definition—empagliflozin (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 0.78-2.68; P = .12), sitagliptin 1.30; 0.56-3.01; .27), glipizide 1.23; 0.66-2.28; .25). risk higher only patients empagliflozin 2.27; 1.16-4.46; .02) specific definition. showed increased (meta-analysis IRR, 1.32; 1.14-1.54; < .001). Conclusions Relevance this suggest modest increase associated use, smaller than previously reported, warranting further investigation into clinical implications association.

Язык: Английский

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Diabetes and cognitive function: An evidence-based current perspective

World Journal of Diabetes, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(2), С. 92 - 109

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2023

Several epidemiological studies have clearly identified diabetes mellitus (DM) as a major risk factor for cognitive dysfunction, and it is going to be public health issue in the coming years because of alarming rise prevalence across world. Brain neural tissues predominantly depend on glucose energy substrate hence, any alterations carbohydrate meta-bolism can directly impact cerebral functional output including cognition, executive capacity, memory. DM affects neuronal function mental capacity several ways, some which include hypoperfusion brain from cerebrovascular disease, diabetes-related transporters causing abnormalities uptake metabolism, local hyper- hypometabolism areas insulin resistance, recurrent hypoglycemic episodes inherent pharmacotherapy resulting damage. Cognitive decline further worsen care disease largely self-managed by patients. Therefore, crucial understand pathobiology dysfunction relation its management optimal long-term plan A thorough appraisal normal metabolic characteristics brain, how metabolism diagnostic algorithm patients with dementia, prognosis when they this dangerous combination illnesses imperative context. This evidence-based narrative back-up latest clinical trial reviews elaborates current understanding empower physicians manage their day-to-day practice.

Язык: Английский

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Molecular mechanisms of semaglutide and liraglutide as a therapeutic option for obesity

Frontiers in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2024

Obesity, a chronic global health problem, is associated with an increase in various comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and certain types of cancer. The increasing prevalence obesity requires research into new therapeutic strategies. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, specifically semaglutide liraglutide, designed for mellitus treatment, have been explored drugs the treatment obesity. This minireview describes molecular mechanisms liraglutide different metabolic pathways, its mechanism action processes appetite regulation, insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis, energy expenditure, lipid metabolism. Finally, several clinical trial outcomes are described to show safety efficacy these management.

Язык: Английский

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Neuroprotective effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists in neurodegenerative Disorders: A Large-Scale Propensity-Matched cohort study

International Immunopharmacology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 143, С. 113537 - 113537

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2024

GLP-1 receptor agonists, traditionally used for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, have demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties. However, their potential neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative disorders remain unclear.

Язык: Английский

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The immunomodulatory effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists in neurogenerative diseases and ischemic stroke treatment

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Март 11, 2025

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor is widely distributed in the digestive system, cardiovascular adipose tissue and central nervous system. Numerous GLP-1 receptor-targeting drugs have been investigated clinical studies for various indications, including type 2 diabetes obesity (accounts 70% of total studies), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease. This review presented fundamental information regarding two categories agonists (GLP-1RAs): peptide-based small molecule compounds, elaborated their potential neuroprotective effects by inhibiting neuroinflammation, reducing neuronal apoptosis, ultimately improving cognitive function neurodegenerative diseases. As a new hypoglycemic drug, GLP-1RA has unique role concurrent risk stroke T2D patients. Given infiltration peripheral immune cells into brain tissue, particularly areas surrounding infarct lesion, we further regulatory mechanisms. could not only facilitate M2 polarization microglia through both direct indirect pathways, but also modulate quantity T cell subtypes, CD4, CD8, cells, resulting inhibition inflammatory responses promotion regeneration interleukin-10 secretion. Therefore, believe that "Tregs-microglia-neuron/neural precursor cells" axis instrumental mediating suppression neuroprotection context ischemic stroke. benefits rapid diffusion, favorable blood-brain barrier permeability versatile administration routes, these compounds will be one important candidates GLP-1RA. We look forward to evidence intervention or complicated

Язык: Английский

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Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: An Introduction and Possible Implications for Neuropsychiatry

Journal of Neuropsychiatry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(2), С. A4 - 86

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Therapeutic application of GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonists in Parkinson’s disease

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 26(5), С. 445 - 460

Опубликована: Май 4, 2022

Introduction Diabetes is a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD) and shares similar dysregulated insulin pathways. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs originally designed to treat diabetes have shown potent neuroprotective activity in preclinical studies of PD. They are by inhibiting inflammation, improving neuronal survival, maintenance synapses, dopaminergic transmission the brain. Building on this, three clinical reported impressive effects patients with PD, testing exendin-4 (Exenatide, Bydureon) or liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda). Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) another hormone that has good animal models Novel dual GLP-1/GIP agonists been developed can penetrate blood–brain barrier (BBB) show superior compared GLP-1 drugs.Areas covered The review summarizes GLP-1R GLP-1/GIPR PD discusses possible mechanisms action.Expert opinion Current strategies lowering levels alpha-synuclein not trials. It time move from 'misfolding protein' hypothesis. Growth factors such as cross BBB already future drug discovery

Язык: Английский

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Molecular mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease and related potential treatments such as structural target convergence of antibodies and simple organic molecules

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 240, С. 114578 - 114578

Опубликована: Июль 9, 2022

Язык: Английский

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