The role of vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Clinical Nutrition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 42(11), С. 2198 - 2206

Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2023

Vitamin D (VitD) has been shown to be important for the immune response of respiratory system, but preventive and therapeutic effects vitamin supplementation on SARS-CoV-2 infection are controversial. This study aimed determine role in prevention treatment through a meta-analysis randomized controlled trials.The databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web Science Google Scholar were searched systematically from inception April 17,2023 identify trials involving comparison versus non-vitamin or treatment.We retrieved 25 eligible trials, including 8128 participants. Four compared infection, results (RR 0.31; 95%CI 0.07 1.32) inconclusive. Regarding with supplementation, it was found that could significantly reduce rates ICU admission 0.63; 0.44 0.89) mechanical ventilation 0.58; 0.39 0.84), had no statistically significant effect mortality. However, subgroup analyses based patients' specific conditions, reduced mortality patients deficiency 0.76; 0.58 0.98).Vitamin may have some beneficial impact severity illness caused by SARS-CoV-2, particularly VitD deficient patients, further studies still needed.

Язык: Английский

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NLRP3 Inflammasomes: Dual Function in Infectious Diseases

The Journal of Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 213(4), С. 407 - 417

Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2024

Abstract The Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been the most distinctive polymer protein complex. After recognizing endogenous and exogenous danger signals, NLRP3 can cause inflammation by pyroptosis secretion of mature, bioactive forms IL-1β IL-18. is essential in genesis progression infectious illnesses. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review diseases, focusing on its two-sided effects. As an part host defense with protective impact, abnormal activation, however, result systemic high inflammatory response, leading to subsequent damage. In addition, scientific evidence small molecules, biologics, phytochemicals acting reviewed. We believe that helps us understand pathological mechanism different stages diseases inhibitors targeting will become new valuable research direction for treatment diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Genetic correlation, causal relationship, and shared loci between vitamin D and COVID‐19: A genome‐wide cross‐trait analysis

Journal of Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 95(5)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2023

Abstract Observational studies have shown that vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of COVID‐19 infection, yet little is known about shared genomic architectures between them. Leveraging large‐scale genome‐wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics, we investigated genetic correlation and causal relationship genetically determined using linkage disequilibrium score regression Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, conducted a cross‐trait GWAS meta‐analysis to identify overlapping susceptibility loci We observed significant predicted ( r g = −0.143, p 0.011), infection would decrease by 6% for every 0.76 nmol L −1 increase serum 25 hydroxyvitamin (25OHD) concentrations in generalized MR (OR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89–0.99, 0.019). identified rs4971066 EFNA1 ) as locus joint phenotype COVID‐19. In conclusion, associated with Increased levels 25OHD concentration may benefit prevention treatment

Язык: Английский

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Therapeutic effects of vitamin D supplementation on COVID-19 aggravation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Май 27, 2024

Background The therapeutic effects of vitamin D supplementation on Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) aggravation remain controversial and inconclusive. To probe into this contentious issue, we performed the present meta-analysis randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods Literature published up to June 2023 was retrieved from Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web Science Embase. RCTs assessing mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation (MV), length hospitalization (LOH), inflammatory markers containing C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, interleukin-6 (IL-6), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were included. 19 involved in analysis conducted subgroup analyses baseline COVID-19 severity administration. Results In subgroup, statistically significant moderate severe group observed ICU admission (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.23, 0.80; p = 0.008), MV 0.44, 0.27, 0.72; 0.001) LOH (SMD –0.49, –0.92, −0.06; 0.027). administration 0.39, 0.16, 0.97; 0.044), 0.18, 0.07, 0.46; 0.000) –0.50, –0.96, −0.04; 0.034) more pronounced patients supplied with multiple-dose than single-dose. Although result mortality showed no effect, it indicated a reduced trend 0.87, 0.63, 1.12; > 0.05). results reached statistical differences. Conclusion This revealed that multiple doses less apt need have shorter hospital stays.

Язык: Английский

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A narrative review focusing on randomized clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation for COVID-19 disease

Frontiers in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025

Current evidence is inconsistent on whether vitamin D supplementation can prevent COVID-19 infection or improve its clinical outcomes. To better understand and look into the issue, we went through background knowledge of D, searched in Pubmed [by using key words title containing "randomized trial", "COVID-19", "vitamin (25-hydroxyvitamin cholecalciferol, calcidiol, calcifediol) supplementation"] for publications studies D/supplementation patients, especially those about randomized trials (RCTs). After reviewing these papers, did a short review pathophysiology COVID-19, summarized features 25 RCTs text tabulated table some features, commented, compared discussed differences between (for example, change serum 25-hydroxyvitamin concentration from nmol/L to ng/mL, making comparison easier). The take-home question that an important indicator effect correction but may not be reliable predicting outcomes COVID-19.

Язык: Английский

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Clinical trials of phytomedicines derived from traditional African medicine: a descriptive analysis.

Next research., Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 100222 - 100222

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Exploring nutritional supplement use for Countering respiratory tract infections through an X (formerly Twitter)-based survey

Current Research in Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 100282 - 100282

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Dietary phytochemicals against COVID‐19: A focus on thymoquinone

eFood, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(2)

Опубликована: Март 15, 2023

It has been three years since the outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at end in Wuhan, China, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). So far, over six million people around world have died COVID-19 (Murakami et al., 2023). With huge efforts from both academic and industrial organizations worldwide, development various types vaccines several new drugs made situation significantly improved to fight against virus Regarding medicines or treatments approved Food Drug Administration, USA, so they include anti-inflammatory agents (e.g., dexamethasone Baricitinib), anti-SARS-CoV-2 (neutralizing) monoclonal antibody (mAbs), antivirals (Remdesivir, Paxlovid, Molnupiravir), antithrombotics. The mAbs can bind viral spike proteins, block attachment host cell surface therefore reducing load. Remdesivir an inhibitor RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp), essential genome replication. Paxlovid a combination Nirmatrelvir Ritonavir, acts as oral SARS-CoV-2 Mpro (or 3CL) protease stop replication strong cytochrome P450 3A4 booster pharmacokinetics Nirmatrelvir, respectively However, mutant variants coronaviruses are emerging, could cause loss efficacy vaccines, mAbs, small molecule antiviral drugs, exposing elderly those with chronic conditions, such diabetes cancers. Moreover, many expensive not easily available developing countries. Therefore, novel effective therapies, affordable management, phytochemicals, highly desirable. Plants, including food traditional herbs, benefited human beings thousands years. To coronavirus, herbal explored treat COVID patients across world. Many nutrients play important roles boosting immune system and/or tract infections (Omer 2022). For example, Zinc antioxidant mineral (Dhawan 2022), vitamin D (Wimalawansa, 2022) exhibit immunomodulatory properties. Honey, rich bioactive compounds, recommended National Health Service, England ease cough (www.nhs.uk). Numerous phytochemicals flavonoids quercetin apples, onions, parsley, sage), kaempferol (spinach kale), isoliquiritigenin (soybean shallots), tangeretin (tangerine), baicalein (Scutellaria baicalensis, Huang-qin) (Song 2021) (Figure 1) shown be inhibitors similar mechanism (Mandal 2021). Other phenolics epigallocatechin gallate (green tea) hesperidin (citrus fruits) inhibit RdRp activity way (Bahun 2022; Omer Thymoquinone (TQ, Figure major compound N. sativa, black cumin seed (Johnson-Ajinwo & Li, 2014). shows antiviral, antimalarial, anticancer 2018), anti-inflammatory, (Ahmad 2020; Khazdair activities. Various reviews relating TQ sativa published (Abdelrahim Ahmad He Islam 2021; Kulyar Taysi Here, this update focused on its direct applications targeting silico, vitro, vivo, clinical trials. Docking studies suggested angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor proteins (Jakhmola Mani Srivastava Xu sheddase ADAM7 (a membrane-bound metalloprotease) associated modulation ACE2 (He thus blocking entry cells. Further show that binds via interaction active site (His41 Cys145) Glu166 (Abdallah Khan 2024; Ullah unsubstituted quinone inherent reactivity free cysteine thiol addition reaction (Li 2005; Lu 2010). covalently cysteines hemoglobin (unpublished). Thus, it likely also catalytic (Cys145) residue does. was found SARS-CoV after infecting HEK293-ACE2 cells, IC50 5.0 7.6 μM, (Xu relatively high cytotoxicity vitro assessment (hCoV-19/Egypt/NRC-03/2020) inhibits four further (Omicron, 614D, Delta, UK, Brazil) infection cells value range between 1 3 µM (Bencheqroun Compared nanomolar (Rosales these values seem much greater. Future structure modification 2018) use other enhance activity. showed protective effects kidney damage (AKI) septic BALB/c mice cecal ligation puncture (Guo 2020). there no reported effect oils/extracts -infected animal models. A phase I trial study TQ-rich oil (containing 5% TQ) safe 200 mg/adult/day (Thomas II adult mild carried out Saudi Arabia (clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier: NCT04401202 on) (Koshak total 173 patients, average age 36 ± 11 years, were randomly divided into treatment group (86) control (87). treated two (NSO, 500 mg) capsules per day for 10 days, whilst received standard percentages recovered groups 62% (mean duration recovery, 10.7 3.2 days) 36% (12.3 2.8 days), respectively. These results indicated NSO faster recovery symptoms than usual care alone. using honey seeds (HNS) moderate April July 2020 Pakistan (ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT04347382). Among cases, 210 assigned either receive (1 g/kg/day), (80 mg/kg/day), care, placebo along care. 50 given HNS 53 placebo. ~50% decrease time taken improve compared (moderate 4 vs. 7 days; Hazard Ratio [HR], 6.1; p < 0.0001 6 13 HR, 4.0; 0.0001). cleared earlier cases (6 5.5; 0.0001) (8.5 12 4.3; In mortality rate less 25% (4% 18.9%; odds ratio (OR), 0.18; = 0.03). symptoms, sped up load clearance, reduced patients. evaluate safety Persian medicine formula (extract Glycyrrhiza glabra, Punica granatum, Rheum palmatum) powder among June September Iran (Registration: Iranian Registry Clinical Trials [www.irct.ir]: IRCT20200330046899N1). total, 79 age, 59.1 17.1 years) completed trial. combined decreased mean hospitalization days 0.4 (Setayesh D3 alleviation (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04981743). 120 recruited 30 each. Groups 1–4 dose 900 mg twice daily 14 2000 IU D3, none agents, All therapy same time. sativa–vitamin besides alleviated most symptoms. Virus clearing test quantitative polymerase chain 7th 14th best treatments, where OR 0.13 0.09, (Said randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled May 2021 USA NCT04914377) conducted assess patent thymoquinone (TQF) derived containing 1.7% TQ. 55 symptomatic (>18 TQF (29) (26). median time-to-sustained-clinical-response (SCR) versus 8 (p 0.77). while SCR difference significant, trend towards benefit encouraging. There significant adverse events 0.16), indicating safety, consistent previous Phase symptom burden 0.001), increased cytotoxic CD4+ 0.04) helper CD8+ central memory T lymphocytes Four alone herbs conducted. some benefits treating sativa. quality varied numbers generally small. content compound-TQ might vary lot studies, performance different observed. Also, only single doses products used. would good carry future trials standardized quantifying extract oils Johnson-Ajinwo 2014) even pure formulation larger number manner Considering managing COVID-19, preparation determined quantity investigation diseases. Phytochemical constituents foods, fruits, spices may provide preventive adjunct therapeutic multiple mechanisms. widely cheap their application fighting COVID-19.

Язык: Английский

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An outlook on the target‐based molecular mechanism of phytoconstituents as immunomodulators

Phytotherapy Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 37(11), С. 5058 - 5079

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2023

Abstract The immune system is one of the essential defense mechanisms. Immune inadequacy increases risk infections and cancer diseases, whereas over‐activation causes allergies or autoimmune disorders. Immunomodulators have been used in treatment immune‐related diseases. There growing interest using herbal medicines as multicomponent agents to modulate complex Many therapeutic phytochemicals showed immunomodulatory effects by various This mechanism includes stimulation lymphoid cell, phagocytosis, macrophage, cellular function enhancement. In addition increased antigen‐specific immunoglobulin production, total white cell count, inhibition TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, NF‐kB, IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐1β, other cytokines that influenced system. review aims overview, widely investigated plant‐derived phytoconstituents targeting cells humoral immunity vivo vitro. However, further high‐quality research needed confirm clinical efficacy plant‐based immunomodulators.

Язык: Английский

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Nigella sativa for the treatment of COVID‐19 patients: A rapid systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Food Science & Nutrition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(3), С. 2061 - 2067

Опубликована: Дек. 27, 2023

Abstract Nigella sativa is an herbal therapy for various afflictions. It has some potential to be a promising option as efficacious treatment COVID‐19 patients that can contribute global healthcare relatively cheap but evidence of its use from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) limited. Therefore, explore the effect N. in combating COVID‐19, we undertook this meta‐analysis. We searched several databases retrieve all RCTs investigating compared placebo or standard care. used RevMan 5.4 analyses with risk ratio (RR) odds (OR) measures. included total seven review. significantly reduced all‐cause mortality control group (RR 0.27, 95% CI: 0.10 0.72; I 2 = 0%). rate viral PCR positivity 0.62, 0.39 0.97; did not find any significant difference hospitalization 0.26, 0.04 1.54; 0%) and no recovery (OR 0.48, 0.20 1.15; 84%) between two groups. easily available medicine may decrease improve virological clearance patients. However, our results are limited by small number available. Further large‐scale needed better understand anti‐inflammatory antiviral effects

Язык: Английский

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