Gut microbiota in health and disease: advances and future prospects

MedComm, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(12)

Опубликована: Ноя. 20, 2024

Abstract The gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining human health, influencing wide range of physiological processes, including immune regulation, metabolism, and neurological function. Recent studies have shown that imbalances composition can contribute to the onset progression various diseases, such as metabolic disorders (e.g., obesity diabetes) neurodegenerative conditions Alzheimer's Parkinson's). These are often accompanied by chronic inflammation dysregulated responses, which closely linked specific forms cell death, pyroptosis ferroptosis. Pathogenic bacteria trigger these death pathways through toxin release, while probiotics been found mitigate effects modulating responses. Despite insights, precise mechanisms influences diseases remain insufficiently understood. This review consolidates recent findings on impact immune‐mediated inflammation‐associated conditions. It also identifies gaps current research explores potential advanced technologies, organ‐on‐chip models microbiome–gut–organ axis, for deepening our understanding. Emerging tools, single‐bacterium omics spatial metabolomics, discussed their promise elucidating microbiota's disease development.

Язык: Английский

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Hepatic Iron Overload and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: New Insights into Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches

Cancers, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(3), С. 392 - 392

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2025

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common form of primary liver cancer, is rising in global incidence and mortality. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic disease (MASLD), one leading causes chronic disease, strongly linked to metabolic conditions that can progress cirrhosis HCC. Iron overload (IO), whether inherited or acquired, results abnormal iron hepatic deposition, significantly impacting MASLD development progression While pathophysiological connections between IO, MASLD, HCC are not fully understood, dysregulation glucose lipid metabolism IO-induced oxidative stress being investigated as drivers. Genomic analyses IO reveal inconsistencies association certain mutations with malignancies. Moreover, also associated hepcidin activation ferroptosis, representing promising targets for risk assessment therapeutic intervention. Understanding relationship essential advancing clinical strategies against progression, particularly recent IO-targeted therapies showing potential at improving biochemistry insulin sensitivity. In this review, we summarize current evidence on HCC, underscoring importance early diagnosis, stratification, targeted treatment these interconnected conditions.

Язык: Английский

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A Comprehensive Review of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Its Mechanistic Development Focusing on Methylglyoxal and Counterbalancing Treatment Strategies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(6), С. 2394 - 2394

Опубликована: Март 7, 2025

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by excessive lipid accumulation in the which dysregulates organ’s function. The key contributor to MASLD development insulin resistance (IR) affects many organs (including adipose tissue, skeletal muscles, and liver), whereas molecular background associated with oxidative, nitrosative, carbonyl stress. Among molecules responsible for stress effects, methylglyoxal (MGO) seems play major pathological MGO—a by-product of glycolysis, fructolysis, lipolysis (from glycerol fatty acids-derived ketone bodies)—is implicated hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases. Its causative effect stimulation prooxidative proinflammatory pathways has been well documented. Since metabolic dysregulation leading these pathologies promotes MASLD, role MGO addressed this review. Potential participation mechanism discussed regard its different signaling routes events accelerating disorder. Moreover, treatment strategies including approved potential therapies are overviewed them, medications aimed at attenuating MGO-induced processes addressed.

Язык: Английский

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Lycopene, a natural plant extract, alleviates atrazine-induced ferroptosis in hepatocytes by activating cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 142311 - 142311

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Cutting edge: ferroptosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) pathogenesis and therapy

Functional & Integrative Genomics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Март 25, 2025

Язык: Английский

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The clinician's view on the advantages and contradictions of the new nomenclature of steatotic liver disease: A review

Terapevticheskii arkhiv, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 96(4), С. 429 - 435

Опубликована: Май 2, 2024

In September 2023, the European Association for Study of Liver (EASL) updated disease nomenclature non-alcoholic (metabolically associated) fatty liver disease. The goals revision were to increase awareness among health care professionals, civil society and patients about disease, its course, treatment outcomes; combating stigma; focusing on initial etiological factor, including main (cardiometabolic) risk progression; improved diagnosis based biomarkers; positive impact potency search new drugs; ability provide personalized medical care. terms “non-alcoholic” “fatty” considered stigmatizing, therefore, it was proposed use term steatotic (SLD) as name this nosology. (NAFLD) or metabolic associated (MAFLD) have been replaced by dysfunction-associated (MASLD). case being combined with an alcohol a in which dysfunction is alcoholic referred MetALD. fundamental principle MASLD presence at least one cardiometabolic factors. Alcohol consumption interacts factors increases SLD decompensation. nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), according nomenclature, has (MASH). adoption should help course outcomes, well improve quality treatment.

Язык: Английский

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A review regarding the article ‘Electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated Steatotic liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.’

Current Problems in Cardiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 49(7), С. 102626 - 102626

Опубликована: Май 6, 2024

Язык: Английский

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