WIREs Mechanisms of Disease,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
16(1)
Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2023
Abstract
Induced
pluripotent
stem
cells
(iPSCs),
obtained
by
reprogramming
different
somatic
cell
types,
represent
a
promising
tool
for
the
study
of
drug
toxicities,
especially
in
context
personalized
medicine.
Indeed,
these
retain
same
genetic
heritage
donor,
allowing
development
models.
In
addition,
they
useful
adverse
reactions
(ADRs)
special
populations,
such
as
pediatric
patients,
which
are
often
poorly
represented
clinical
trials
due
to
ethical
issues.
Particularly,
iPSCs
can
be
differentiated
into
any
tissue
human
body,
following
several
protocols
use
stimuli
induce
specific
differentiation
processes.
Differentiated
also
maintain
and
therefore
suitable
pharmacological
studies;
moreover,
iPSC‐derived
valuable
investigation
mechanisms
underlying
physiological
iPSCs‐derived
organoids
another
important
ADRs.
Precisely,
vitro
3D
models
better
native
organ,
both
from
structural
functional
point
view.
Moreover,
way
2D
models,
appropriate
since
donor.
comparison
other
present
advantages
terms
versatility,
patient‐specificity,
This
review
aims
provide
an
updated
report
employment
iPSCs,
derived
these,
article
is
categorized
under:
Cancer
>
Stem
Cells
Development
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
16
Опубликована: Авг. 3, 2023
Neurodegenerative
diseases
are
adult-onset
neurological
conditions
that
notoriously
difficult
to
model
for
drug
discovery
and
development
because
most
models
unable
accurately
recapitulate
pathology
in
disease-relevant
cells,
making
it
extremely
explore
the
potential
mechanisms
underlying
neurodegenerative
diseases.
Therefore,
alternative
of
human
or
animal
cells
have
been
developed
bridge
gap
allow
impact
new
therapeutic
strategies
be
anticipated
more
by
trying
mimic
neuronal
glial
cell
interactions
many
mechanisms.
In
tandem
with
emergence
human-induced
pluripotent
stem
which
were
first
generated
2007,
accessibility
(hiPSC)
derived
from
patients
can
differentiated
into
neurons,
providing
an
unrivaled
platform
Research Square (Research Square),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 21, 2024
Abstract
The
technology
of
human
pluripotent
stem
cell
(hPSC)-based
3D
organoid/assembloid
cultures
has
become
a
powerful
tool
for
the
study
embryonic
development,
disease
modeling
and
drug
discovery
in
recent
years.
autonomic
sympathetic
nervous
system
innervates
regulates
almost
all
organs
body,
including
heart.
Yet,
most
reported
organoids
to
date
are
not
innervated,
thus
lacking
proper
neural
regulation,
hindering
reciprocal
tissue
maturation.
Here,
we
developed
simple
versatile
neuron
(symN)-innervated
cardiac
assembloid
without
need
bioengineering.
Our
assembloids
(hSCAs)
showed
mature
muscle
structures,
atrial
ventricular
patterning,
spontaneous
beating.
hSCA-innervating
symNs
displayed
neurotransmitter
synthesis
functional
regulation
beating
rate,
which
could
be
manipulated
pharmacologically
or
optogenetically.
We
modeled
symN-mediated
development
myocardial
infarction.
This
hSCAs
provides
future
neurocardiotoxicity
screening
approaches
is
highly
modular,
where
types
(symN
parasympathetic
sensory
neuron)
organoid
(heart,
lung,
kidney)
innervated
may
interchanged.
ACS Sensors,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
7(2), С. 409 - 414
Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2022
Combining
human
brain
organoids
holds
great
potential
in
recapitulating
the
brain's
histological
features
and
modeling
neural
disorders.
However,
current
combined-brain
organoid
models
focus
on
internal
interactions
between
different
regions.
In
this
study,
we
develop
an
engineered
brain–spinal
cord
assembloid
(eBSA)
by
coculturing
cerebral
(COs)
motor
neuron
spheroids
(MNSs).
By
connecting
COs
MNSs,
generate
a
terminal
for
signal
transfer
from
to
whole
body
mimicking
connection.
After
formation
of
induced
pluripotent
stem
cells
MNSs
cells,
are
prepatterned
into
specific
CO
regions
assembled
form
eBSA.
Caffeine
serves
as
neurochemical
model
demonstrate
transmission.
When
eBSA
contact
multielectrode
array,
successfully
shows
increased
spiking
speed
region
caffeine
treatment,
which
means
that
stimulation
signals
MNSs.
The
effects
tested
only
prove
system's
transmission,
there
were
no
stimulus
effects.
Our
results
system
can
monitor
caffeine-mediated
excitatory
output
spinal
cord.
We
believe
be
utilized
screening
platform
validate
neurochemicals.
addition,
accumulation
understanding
CNS
PNS
will
provide
better
knowledge
controlling
muscle
actuators
with
nervous
system.
Cells,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
12(14), С. 1822 - 1822
Опубликована: Июль 11, 2023
Neural
progenitor
cells
(NPCs)
are
multipotent
neural
stem
(NSCs)
capable
of
self-renewing
and
differentiating
into
neurons,
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes.
In
the
postnatal/adult
brain,
NPCs
primarily
located
in
subventricular
zone
(SVZ)
lateral
ventricles
(LVs)
subgranular
(SGZ)
hippocampal
dentate
gyrus
(DG).
There
is
evidence
that
also
present
hypothalamus,
a
highly
conserved
brain
region
involved
regulation
core
homeostatic
processes,
such
as
feeding,
metabolism,
reproduction,
neuroendocrine
integration
autonomic
output.
rodent
mainly
comprise
different
subtypes
tanycytes
lining
wall
3rd
ventricle.
human
neurogenic
niche
constituted
by
at
floor
ventricle,
ependymal
ribbon
(showing
gap-and-ribbon
organization
similar
to
SVZ),
well
suprachiasmatic
cells.
We
speculate
neurogenesis
occurs
complex,
exquisitely
sophisticated
consisting
least
four
subniches;
this
structure
has
key
role
extrahypothalamic
neurogenesis,
hypothalamic
circuits,
partly
through
release
neurotransmitters,
neuropeptides,
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
non-coding
RNAs
(ncRNAs).
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
10
Опубликована: Окт. 14, 2022
Human
pluripotent
stem
cells
(hPSCs)
are
intrinsically
able
to
self-organize
into
cerebral
organoids
that
mimic
features
of
developing
human
brain
tissue.
These
three-dimensional
structures
provide
a
unique
opportunity
generate
cytoarchitecture
and
cell-cell
interactions
reminiscent
complexity
in
dish.
However,
current
vitro
organoid
methodologies
often
result
intra-organoid
variability,
limiting
their
use
recapitulating
later
developmental
stages
as
well
disease
modeling
drug
discovery.
In
addition,
cell
stress
hypoxia
resulting
from
long-term
culture
lead
incomplete
maturation
death
within
the
inner
core.
Here,
we
used
recombinant
silk
microfiber
network
scaffold
drive
hPSCs
self-arrange
engineered
organoids.
Silk
scaffolding
promoted
neuroectoderm
formation
reduced
heterogeneity
cellular
organization
individual
Bulk
single
transcriptomics
confirmed
display
more
homogeneous
functionally
mature
neuronal
properties
than
grown
absence
scaffold.
Furthermore,
oxygen
sensing
analysis
showed
scaffolds
create
favorable
growth
differentiation
conditions
by
facilitating
delivery
nutrients.
The
strategy
appears
reduce
variability
enhances
self-organization
Brain Behavior and Immunity,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
107, С. 369 - 382
Опубликована: Ноя. 3, 2022
Microglia
may
only
represent
10%
of
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
cells
but
they
perform
critical
roles
in
development,
homeostasis
and
neurological
disease.
are
also
environmentally
regulated,
quickly
losing
their
transcriptomic
epigenetic
signature
after
leaving
the
CNS.
This
facet
microglia
biology
is
both
fascinating
technically
challenging
influencing
study
genetics
function
human
a
manner
that
recapitulates
CNS
environment.
In
this
review
we
provide
comprehensive
overview
existing
vitro
vivo
methodology
to
microglia,
such
as
immortalized
lines,
stem
cell-derived
cerebral
organoids
xenotransplantation.
Since
there
currently
no
single
method
completely
all
hallmarks
ex
adult
homeostatic
discuss
advantages
limitations
each
model
practical
guide
for
researchers.
