Separations,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
9(3), С. 73 - 73
Опубликована: Март 11, 2022
Copper
ions
bind
to
biomolecules
(e.g.,
peptides
and
proteins)
playing
an
essential
role
in
many
biological
physiological
pathways
the
human
body.
The
resulting
complexes
may
contribute
initiation
of
neurodegenerative
diseases,
cancer,
bacterial
viral
or
act
as
therapeutics.
Some
compounds
can
chemically
damage
macromolecules
initiate
development
pathogenic
states.
Conversely,
a
number
these
have
antibacterial,
antiviral,
even
anticancer
properties.
One
most
significant
current
discussions
Cu
biochemistry
relates
mechanisms
positive
negative
actions
based
on
generation
reactive
oxygen
species,
including
radicals
that
interact
with
DNA
molecules.
This
review
aims
analyze
various
peptide–copper
mechanism
their
action.
Cell,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
185(16), С. 2853 - 2878
Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2022
The
surprising
discovery
that
the
diatomic
gas
nitric
oxide
(NO)
is
generated
by
mammalian
cells
and
serves
to
regulate
a
multitude
of
physiological
processes
has
continued
fascinate
biologists
for
almost
four
decades.
biochemistry
NO
complex,
novel
insights
into
control
biosynthesis
mechanisms
signal
transduction
are
continuously
emerging.
key
regulator
cardiovascular
function,
metabolism,
neurotransmission,
immunity,
more,
aberrant
signaling
central
feature
many
major
disorders
including
disease,
diabetes,
cancer.
Here,
we
discuss
basics
biology
emphasizing
recent
advances
in
field
means
increasing
bioactivity
with
therapeutic
nutritional
implications.
Molecular Neurodegeneration,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
18(1)
Опубликована: Июль 11, 2023
Abstract
Vascular
cognitive
impairment
and
dementia
(VCID)
is
commonly
caused
by
vascular
injuries
in
cerebral
large
small
vessels
a
key
driver
of
age-related
decline.
Severe
VCID
includes
post-stroke
dementia,
subcortical
ischemic
multi-infarct
mixed
dementia.
While
acknowledged
as
the
second
most
common
form
after
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
accounting
for
20%
cases,
AD
frequently
coexist.
In
VCID,
vessel
(cSVD)
often
affects
arterioles,
capillaries,
venules,
where
arteriolosclerosis
amyloid
angiopathy
(CAA)
are
major
pathologies.
White
matter
hyperintensities,
recent
infarcts,
lacunes
presumed
origin,
enlarged
perivascular
space,
microbleeds,
brain
atrophy
neuroimaging
hallmarks
cSVD.
The
current
primary
approach
to
cSVD
treatment
control
risk
factors
such
hypertension,
dyslipidemia,
diabetes,
smoking.
However,
causal
therapeutic
strategies
have
not
been
established
partly
due
heterogeneous
pathogenesis
this
review,
we
summarize
pathophysiology
discuss
probable
etiological
pathways
focusing
on
hypoperfusion/hypoxia,
blood–brain
barriers
(BBB)
dysregulation,
fluid
drainage
disturbances,
inflammation
define
potential
diagnostic
targets
Antioxidants,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
12(3), С. 753 - 753
Опубликована: Март 20, 2023
Nitric
oxide,
a
ubiquitous
molecule
found
throughout
the
natural
world,
is
key
implicated
in
many
central
and
benefic
molecular
pathways
has
well-established
role
function
of
nervous
system,
as
numerous
studies
have
previously
shown.
Dysregulation
its
metabolism,
mainly
upregulation
nitric
oxide
production,
been
proposed
trigger
and/or
aggravator
for
neurological
affections.
Increasing
evidence
supports
implication
this
prevalent
neurodegenerative
diseases,
such
Parkinson’s
disease,
Alzheimer’s
or
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis.
The
mechanisms
neurotoxicity
center
around
increased
quantities
that
are
produced
brain,
their
cause,
and,
most
importantly,
pathological
metabolic
cascades
created.
These
lead
to
formation
neuronal
toxic
substances
impair
neurons’
structure
on
multiple
levels.
purpose
review
present
main
causes
well
important
pathophysiological
triggered
by
could
help
explain
part
complex
picture
diseases
develop
targeted
therapies.
Frontiers in Network Physiology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
3
Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2023
The
brain
is
a
highly
energy
demanding
organ,
which
accounts
in
humans
for
the
20%
of
total
consumption
at
resting
state
although
comprising
only
2%
body
mass.
necessary
delivery
nutrients
to
parenchyma
ensured
by
cerebral
circulatory
system,
through
exchange
glucose
and
oxygen
(O
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
18
Опубликована: Март 21, 2024
Neurovascular
coupling
(NVC)
is
an
important
mechanism
to
ensure
adequate
blood
supply
active
neurons
in
the
brain.
NVC
damage
can
lead
chronic
impairment
of
neuronal
function.
Diabetes
characterized
by
high
sugar
and
considered
risk
factor
for
cognitive
impairment.
In
this
review,
we
provide
fMRI
evidence
diabetic
patients
with
decline.
Combined
exploration
major
mechanisms
signaling
pathways
NVC,
discuss
effects
hyperglycemia
on
cellular
structure
signaling,
including
key
receptors,
ion
channels,
intercellular
connections.
Studying
these
diabetes-related
changes
cell
will
help
us
understand
underlying
causes
behind
diabetes-induced
early
decline,
ultimately
helping
identify
most
effective
drug
targets
treatment.
ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
8(2), С. 271 - 285
Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2025
Astrocytes
are
a
type
of
glial
cell
that
involved
in
actively
modulating
synaptic
plasticity,
neurotransmitter
homeostasis,
and
neuroinflammatory
responses.
More
importantly,
they
coordinate
neuronal
activity
cerebral
blood
flow
(CBF)
what
is
known
as
neurovascular
coupling
(NVC).
NVC
an
essential
mechanism
maintains
the
high
energy
demand
brain
requires
by
supplying
continuous
rapid
supply
oxygen
nutrients
through
CBF.
Impairment
one
key
events
triggers
spiral
occurrences
lead
to
clinical
advancement
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD).
It
yet
be
determined
molecular
manifestations
impairment
relate
to;
nonetheless,
it
believed
alterations
G
protein-coupled
receptors
(GPCRs)
responsible
for
exacerbating
these
effects.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
current
evidence
supporting
involvement
GPCRs
on
astrocytes
pathophysiology
AD.
Additionally,
propose
potential
research
directions
further
elucidate
underlying
mechanisms
evaluate
feasibility
targeting
specific
therapeutic
strategy
correct
memory
impairments
associated
with
Essays in Biochemistry,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
67(1), С. 63 - 75
Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2023
Abstract
Astrocytes
are
a
heterogenous
population
of
macroglial
cells
spread
throughout
the
central
nervous
system
with
diverse
functions,
expression
signatures,
and
intricate
morphologies.
Their
subcellular
compartments
contain
distinct
range
mitochondria,
functional
microdomains
exhibiting
widespread
activities,
such
as
controlling
local
metabolism
Ca2+
signaling.
is
an
ion
utmost
importance,
both
physiologically
pathologically,
participates
in
critical
processes,
including
synaptic
plasticity,
neuron–astrocyte
integration,
excitotoxicity,
mitochondrial
physiology
metabolism.
The
handling
formed
by
uniporter
complex
(MCUc),
which
mediates
influx,
Na+/Ca2+
exchanger
(NCLX),
responsible
for
most
efflux,
well
additional
components,
permeability
transition
pore
(mtPTP).
Over
last
decades,
has
been
shown
to
be
key
brain
homeostasis,
acting
centrally
physiopathological
processes
astrogliosis,
astrocyte–neuron
activity
energy
control,
neurodegeneration.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
current
state
knowledge
regarding
molecular
composition,
highlighting
its
impact
on
astrocytic
homeostasis.
Antioxidants,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
11(4), С. 787 - 787
Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2022
Neonatal
anesthesia,
while
often
essential
for
surgeries
or
imaging
procedures,
is
accompanied
by
significant
risks
to
redox
balance
in
the
brain
due
relatively
weak
antioxidant
system
children.
Oxidative
stress
characterized
concentrations
of
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
that
are
elevated
beyond
what
can
be
accommodated
defense
system.
In
neonatal
this
has
been
proposed
a
contributing
factor
some
negative
consequences
(e.g.,
learning
deficits
and
behavioral
abnormalities)
associated
with
early
anesthetic
exposure.
order
assess
relationship
between
anesthesia
oxidative
stress,
we
first
review
mechanisms
action
common
agents,
key
pathways
produce
majority
ROS,
main
antioxidants.
We
then
explore
possible
immediate,
short-term,
long-term
neonatal-anesthesia-induced
stress.
large
body
literature
describing
evident
during
immediately
following
anesthesia.
Moreover,
our
suggests
short-term
pathway
temporally
limited
effect
on
manifest
years
later
altered
development
neurons
neurovascular
interactions.
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
43(10), С. 1633 - 1647
Опубликована: Май 7, 2023
Neuronal
nitric
oxide
(NO)
synthase
(nNOS),
a
Ca
2+
dependent
enzyme,
is
expressed
by
distinct
populations
of
neocortical
neurons.
Although
neuronal
NO
well
known
to
contribute
the
blood
flow
increase
evoked
neural
activity,
relationships
between
nNOS
neurons
activity
and
vascular
responses
in
awake
state
remain
unclear.
We
imaged
barrel
cortex
awake,
head-fixed
mice
through
chronically
implanted
cranial
window.
The
indicator
GCaMP7f
was
selectively
using
adenoviral
gene
transfer
cre
mice.
Air-puffs
directed
at
contralateral
whiskers
or
spontaneous
motion
induced
transients
30.2
±
2.2%
51.6
3.3%
neurons,
respectively,
local
arteriolar
dilation.
greatest
dilatation
(14.8
1.1%)
occurred
when
whisking
simultaneously.
individual
dilation
showed
various
degrees
correlation,
which
strongest
whole
neuron
ensemble
examined.
also
found
that
some
became
active
immediately
prior
dilation,
while
others
were
activated
gradually
after
dilatation.
Discrete
subsets
may
either
initiation
maintenance
response,
suggesting
previously
unappreciated
temporal
specificity
role
neurovascular
coupling.