Impact of Heat Stress on Broiler Chicken Production

Poultry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 3(2), С. 107 - 128

Опубликована: Апрель 29, 2024

Poultry farmers need to consider making adaptations now help reduce cost, risk, and concern in the future; industry’s high unstable input costs, which result losses, incentivize manufacturers concentrate on efficient management, welfare, health improvements, thereby creating premium value-added products. Heat stress, a significant concern, particularly affects broiler chicken, is vital for global meat supply dynamic field of poultry farming. Despite advances breeding these pressures have negative influence avian development, well-being, overall health, threatening long-term viability. This study investigates physiological reactions production consequences various heat conditions chicken business. It thoroughly complicated implications has impact performance causes economic losses. article dietary techniques, such as antioxidants, probiotics, amino acid balance, vitamin supplementation, with goal improving thermotolerance part comprehensive stress reduction strategy. assessment emphasizes continuous commitment sustainable practices by highlighting more research enhance methodology, investigate creative tactics, address regional variances stress.

Язык: Английский

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A review of heat stress in chickens. Part I: Insights into physiology and gut health

Frontiers in Physiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2022

Heat stress (HS) compromises the yield and quality of poultry products endangers sustainability industry. Despite being homeothermic, chickens, especially fast-growing broiler lines, are particularly sensitive to HS due phylogenetic absence sweat glands, along with artificial selection-caused increase in metabolic rates limited development cardiovascular respiratory systems. Clinical signs consequences multifaceted include alterations behavior (e.g., lethargy, decreased feed intake, panting), metabolism catabolic state, fat accumulation, reduced skeletal muscle accretion), general homeostasis alkalosis, hormonal imbalance, immunodeficiency, inflammation, oxidative stress), gastrointestinal tract function digestive absorptive disorders, enteritis, paracellular barrier failure, dysbiosis). Poultry scientists companies have made great efforts develop effective solutions counteract detrimental effects on health performance chickens. Feeding nutrition been shown play a key role combating chicken husbandry. Nutritional strategies that enhance protein energy utilization as well dietary interventions intended restore intestinal eubiosis increasing interest because marked nutrient metabolism, gut health. Hence, present review series, divided into Part I II, seeks synthesize information physiology, health, emphasis potential adopted alleviate these effects. provides introductory knowledge physiology make good use nutritional themes covered by II.

Язык: Английский

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A review of heat stress in chickens. Part II: Insights into protein and energy utilization and feeding

Frontiers in Physiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2022

With the growing global demand for animal protein and rising temperatures caused by climate change, heat stress (HS) is one of main emerging environmental challenges poultry industry. Commercially-reared birds are particularly sensitive to hot temperatures, so adopting production systems that mitigate adverse effects HS on bird performance essential requires a holistic approach. Feeding nutrition can play important roles in limiting load birds; therefore, this review aims describe feed intake (FI) nutrient digestibility highlight feeding strategies nutritional solutions potentially some deleterious broiler chickens. The reduction FI behavioral changes induced as attempt limit associated with digestion, absorption, metabolism nutrients. Although intensity length period influences type magnitude responses, reduced explains most degradation observed broilers, while appears only explain small proportion impaired efficiency following HS. Targeted strategies, including restriction withdrawal, dual feeding, wet have showed promising results under but these be difficult implement intensive rearing systems. Concerning diet composition, increased energy diets compensate decreased during Indeed, high crude both been shown improve conditions. Specifically, positive may obtained added fat concentrations since lipids lower thermogenic effect compared proteins carbohydrates. Moreover, supplementation amino acids help support acid requirements maintenance functions Further research better characterize advance will establish economically viable enhance productivity, health, welfare, meat quality broilers facing

Язык: Английский

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Strategies to combat heat stress in poultry production—A review

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 108(3), С. 576 - 595

Опубликована: Дек. 27, 2023

The effects of heat stress (HS) caused by high temperatures continue to be a global concern in poultry production. Poultry birds are homoeothermic, however, modern-day chickens highly susceptible HS due their inefficiency dissipating from body the lack sweat glands. During HS, load is higher than chickens' ability regulate it. This can disturb normal physiological functioning, affect metabolism and cause behavioural changes, respiratory alkalosis immune dysregulation birds. These adverse gut dysbiosis and, therefore, reduce nutrient absorption energy metabolism. consequently reduces production performances causes economic losses. Several strategies have been explored combat HS. include environmentally controlled houses, provision clean cold water, low stocking density, supplementation appropriate feed additives, dual restricted feeding regimes, early conditioning genetic selection lines produce heat-resistant Despite all these efforts, still remains challenge sector. Therefore, there need explore effective address this long-lasting problem. most recent strategy ameliorate perinatal programming using ovo technology. Such an approach seems particularly justified broilers because chick embryo development (21 days) equals half posthatch lifespan (42 days). As such, expected more efficient cost-effective mitigate on improve performance health review discusses impact poultry, advantages limitations different strategies. Finally recommend promising that could ameliorating poultry.

Язык: Английский

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Metabolic and microbiota response to arginine supplementation and cyclic heat stress in broiler chickens

Frontiers in Physiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Март 31, 2023

Little attention has been paid to the biological role of arginine and its dietary supplementation in broilers under heat stress (HS) conditions. Therefore, main aim this study was assess response cyclic HS, with a focus on liver, pectoral muscle, blood metabolic profiles cecal microbiota. Day-old male Ross 308 (n = 240) were placed 2 rooms 12 pens each for 44-day trial. Pens assigned one two groups (6 pens/group/room): control group (CON) given basal diet mash form treated (ARG) fed CON supplemented crystalline L-arginine. The total arginine:lysine ratio ranged between 1.02 1.07, while that ARG 1.20. One room constantly kept at thermoneutral (TN) conditions, birds other TN conditions until D34 subjected HS from D35 onwards (∼34°C; 9:00 A.M.-6:00 P.M.). Blood, Pectoralis major content taken per pen (12 birds/group/room) metabolomics microbiota analysis. Growth performance data also collected basis. Arginine failed reduce adverse effects growth performance. Supplemented showed increased levels creatine plasma, P. methionine reduced glutamine major. altered bioenergetic processes (increased AMP fumarate, succinate, UDP), protein metabolism breakdown supply liver amino acids energy production), promoted accumulation antioxidant protective molecules (histidine-containing dipeptides, beta-alanine, choline), especially may have partially counterbalanced homeostasis by increasing attenuating increase levels, particularly It significantly observed diversity, alpha diversity indices affected beta diversity. Results taxonomic analysis phylum family level are provided.

Язык: Английский

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Climate change and its effects on poultry industry and sustainability

Discover Sustainability, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 12, 2024

By 2050, the need for poultry products is predicted to quadruple globally, mostly as a result of rising living standards. In meantime, quality feed crops and forage, availability water, diseases, reproduction are all threatened by climate change, which poses challenge production. This analysis assesses effects change on production role that plays in particular tactics used industry adapt mitigate change. Climate variability will limit because it raise amount water chickens consume factor three, increase demand agricultural lands due significant rise production, concerns about food security. After all, approximately one-third world's cereal harvest animals, including poultry. 8% livestock sector's emissions greenhouse gases (GHG) come from industry, accelerates As result, play reducing gas enhancing global Therefore, assessments application adaptation mitigation measures specific region system use, well policies encourage facilitate implementation these measures, necessary converting sustainable

Язык: Английский

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Early Feeding Strategy Mitigates Major Physiological Dynamics Altered by Heat Stress in Broilers

Animals, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(10), С. 1485 - 1485

Опубликована: Май 16, 2024

Heat stress is one of the stressors that negatively affect broiler chickens, leading to a reduction in production efficiency and profitability. This affects economy general, especially hot semi-hot countries. Therefore, improving heat tolerance chicks key sustained peak performance, under adverse environmental conditions. The present study investigated three early feed withdrawal regimes (FWD) as potential mitigation for thermal exposure. A total 240 unsexed one-day-old Cobb-500 were randomly recruited four experimental groups using completely randomized design (10 birds × 6 replicates). included control group with no (control), while other subjected either 24 h on 5th day age (FWD-24), 12 3rd (FWD-12), or 8 3rd, 4th, (FWD-8), respectively. Production performance was monitored throughout experiment. Meanwhile, blood liver samples taken at end period evaluate major physiological dynamic changes. Our findings demonstrated chronic conditions, FWD treatments significantly improved broilers' enhanced several parameters compared control. Serum levels thyroid hormones elevated, whereas leptin hormone decreased Moreover, serum protein, globulin, hemoglobin higher, cholesterol uric acid lower groups. Furthermore, showed higher antioxidant marker activity lipid peroxidation level. Immunoglobulin levels, lysozyme, complement factor C3, shock protein 70 (HSP70) concentration also elevated Also, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) increased FWD. Based our findings, can be applied promising non-invasive nutritional strategy broilers reared Such promotes alleviation deleterious effects immunity, redox status, owing onset adaptation development thermotolerance ability.

Язык: Английский

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Sodium butyrate alleviates high ambient temperature-induced oxidative stress, intestinal structural disruption, and barrier integrity for growth and production in growing layer chickens

BMC Veterinary Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Март 3, 2025

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary sodium butyrate (SB) supplementation on antioxidant status, intestinal morphology, functional damage, and barrier integrity heat-stressed Hy-Line Sonia (HYS) layer chicks. A total 240 female HYS at 35 days age with average body weights (415 ± g) were divided into 6 groups 10 replicates/group 4 chickens per replicate. 2 × 3 factorial design performed, including two conditions ambient temperature (25 °C °C) three levels SB (0, 0.5, 1.0 g/kg diet). HS decreased (P < 0.05) performance parameters final weight (FBW), daily gain (ADG), feed intake (ADFI), increased mortality; compared groups, mortality. Compared thermoneutral conditions, high-temperature significantly thymus, liver, heart weights, relative length jejunum, ileum, cecum, whereas 0.5 diet spleen in growing chickens. High villus height (VH) VH/CD ratio, crypt depth (CD), T interaction produced greater VH values LSB2 HSB2 groups. concentration serum malondialdehyde (MDA); however, high activities catalase (CAT) glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzymes. The mRNA expression occluding, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), claudin-1, interleukin-10 (IL-10) proteins downregulated high-temperatures, while that transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) upregulated. Dietary inflammatory cytokines nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), (TGFβ), interferon-γ (IFNγ), TGFβ gene other effectively alleviated HS-induced oxidative stress structural damage intestine phase.

Язык: Английский

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Nutritional Value and Health Implications of Meat from Monogastric Animals Exposed to Heat Stress

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(8), С. 1390 - 1390

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2025

Heat stress (HS), driven by rising global temperatures, significantly impairs the nutritional composition and sensory quality of meat from monogastric animals, particularly swine poultry. HS induces physiological disturbances, including reduced feed intake, oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, which together reduce muscle protein content 10–15% essential amino acid levels (e.g., lysine, methionine, threonine) 15–25%. Lipid profiles are also altered, with up to 30% reductions in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially omega-3s, an increased saturated fat content. Additionally, reduces retention vitamins E, A, D, C 20–50% critical minerals such as selenium, zinc, iron, compromising antioxidant capacity, immune function, oxygen transport. These changes diminish tenderness, juiciness, flavour, colour stability, leading consumer appeal dietary quality. The consumption heat-stressed may elevate risks for cardiovascular disease, micronutrient deficiencies. Mitigation strategies, osmolyte supplementation, genetic selection thermotolerance, optimised feeding practices, can damage 40% improve nutrient retention. This review synthesises current evidence on HS-induced deterioration explores management strategies protect animal productivity human health.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanisms underlying the Effects of Heat Stress on Intestinal Integrity, Inflammation, and Microbiota in Chickens

The Journal of Poultry Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 60(2), С. n/a - n/a

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Poultry meat and egg production benefits from a smaller carbon footprint, as well feed water consumption, per unit of product, than other protein sources. Therefore, maintaining sustainable poultry is important to meet the increasing global demand for this staple. Heat stress experienced during summer season or in tropical/subtropical areas negatively affects productivity health chickens. Crucially, its impact predicted grow with acceleration warming. physiology, metabolism, immune response chickens, causing electrolyte imbalance, oxidative stress, endocrine disorders, inflammation, immunosuppression. These changes do not occur independently, pointing systemic mechanism. Recently, intestinal homeostasis has been identified an contributor nutrient absorption progression inflammation. Its mechanism action thought involve neuroendocrine signaling, antioxidant response, presence oxidants diet, microbiota composition. The present review focuses on effect heat dysfunction chickens underlying causative factors. Understanding these mechanisms will direct design strategies mitigate negative while benefiting both animal production.

Язык: Английский

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