Grapevine mono- and sesquiterpenes: Genetics, metabolism, and ecophysiology

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2023

Mono- and sesquiterpenes are volatile organic compounds which play crucial roles in human perception of table grape wine flavour aroma, as such their biosynthesis has received significant attention. Here, the mono- grapevine is reviewed, with a specific focus on metabolic pathways lead to formation these compounds, characterised genetic variation underlying modulation this metabolism. The bottlenecks for terpene precursor cytosol plastid understood be HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) 1-deoxy-D-xylylose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) enzymes, respectively, prenyldiphosphate precursors. functional plasticity enzymes act precursors allows massive observed product accumulation. This diversity further enhanced by duplication genes coding structurally diverse synthases. Relatively minor nucleotide variations sufficient influence both substrate specificity genes, impacting cultivar-specific aroma profiles. While importance terms quality well documented, they also several interesting grapevine’s ecophysiological interaction its environment. involved attraction pollinators, agents seed dispersal herbivores, defence against fungal infection, promotion mutualistic rhizobacteria interaction, elevated conditions high light radiation. ever-increasing genome sequence data will potentially allow future breeders biotechnologists tailor profiles novel cultivars through exploitation genes.

Язык: Английский

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Stimulation of secondary metabolism in grape berry exocarps by a nature-based strategy of foliar application of polyols

OENO One, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 58(1)

Опубликована: Март 25, 2024

In grapes under drought stress, polyols accumulate through tight coordination at the molecular level between increased membrane transport of and inhibition polyol oxidation. Here, effects on grape metabolism an exogenous foliar application as a potential sustainable viticultural practice to increase grapevine performance berry quality were thoroughly assessed. Grapevines pulverised with solution containing 2 mM mannitol sorbitol, metabolome exocarps important metabolic pathways associated analysed véraison mature stages. By combining metabolomics analysis using UPLC-MS, enzyme activity assays targeted transcriptional analyses, it was demonstrated that stimulated by 3.5-fold 6-fold abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis berries, respectively. It also concentration anthocyanins, stilbenes total phenolics in upregulation phenylpropanoid, stilbenoid anthocyanin biosynthetic shown increases phenylalanine-ammonia lyase (PAL) (3-fold) VviPAL1 expression, stilbene synthase 1 (VviSTS1) transcripts (ca. 5-fold), UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) VviUFGT1 among other results, stage, when these changes most noticeable. Many secondary metabolites synthesised identified UPLC-MS present higher quantities from polyol-treated plants such fertaric acid, E-resveratrol, E-piceatannol, piceid, pallidol, E-ε-viniferin, myricetin-hexoside 1, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside malvidin-3-O-(6-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside. Foliar low-concentration is, therefore, promising biostimulant-based strategy improve nutritional value current context climate change.

Язык: Английский

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Biogenic volatile organic compounds in the grapevine response to pathogens, beneficial microorganisms, resistance inducers, and abiotic factors

Journal of Experimental Botany, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 73(2), С. 529 - 554

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2021

The synthesis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in plants is triggered response to external stimuli, and these can migrate distal tissues neighbouring receivers. Although grapevine VOCs responsible for wine aroma plant-insect communications are well characterized, functional properties produced phytopathogens, beneficial microorganisms, resistance inducers, abiotic factors have been less studied. In this review, we focused on the emission patterns potential biological functions by grapevines stimuli. Specific emitted exogenous stimulus, suggesting their precise involvement plant defence response. with inhibitory activities against pathogens induction reported, some them also be used as biomarkers resistance. Likewise, microorganisms environmental possible mediators grapevine-microbe stress tolerance. further studies may improve our knowledge, existing literature suggests that an underestimated application pathogen inhibitors, inducers biotic or stresses, signalling molecules, membrane stabilizers, modulators reactive oxygen species. VOC could screen resistant traits monitor physiological status.

Язык: Английский

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Effect of Agronomic Techniques on Aroma Composition of White Grapevines: A Review

Agronomy, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(10), С. 2027 - 2027

Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2021

Climate change with rising temperatures and the unpredictability of rainy events during ripening leads to tough challenges for winemakers in preserving quality white grape varieties. Grape is a complex concept that mainly refers berry chemical composition, including secondary metabolites such as aroma compounds berries play key role identity wine. Terpenes, thiols, C13-norisoprenoids, methoxypyrazines, nonterpenic alcohols are most important grapes several them can be found free volatiles or bound glycoconjugate molecules. Agronomic practices vineyards, biostimulant application, irrigation, defoliation, training systems, foliar fertilization, bunch thinning, have positive effect on their concentration. This review aims highlight aromatic characteristics utilized cultivars focus agronomic techniques vineyard enhance, implement, intensify characteristics. The purpose this paper therefore investigate state art regarding exaltation scientific literature through sustainable techniques, but further future investigations considered necessary given uncertainty concerning some mechanisms biosynthesis correlation practices.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of Kaolin and Shading Net on the Ecophysiology and Berry Composition of Sauvignon Blanc Grapevines

Agriculture, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(4), С. 491 - 491

Опубликована: Март 31, 2022

Rising temperatures in most viticultural regions are associated with a higher incidence of drastic weather circumstances such as heatwaves. The consequences reflected qualitative and quantitative white grapes characteristics. In fact, there is an enhancement alcohol content jeopardized reduction the aromatic potential. We performed scientific test to assuage bump heatwaves exposure on Vitis vinifera cv. “Sauvignon Blanc” exposed vines (untreated) or kaolin foliar treatment partial fruit-zone shading (shading net 30 70%). This work aimed evaluate effects (SD-30% SD-70%) (K) physiology, technological maturity, thiolic precursors Italy during 2020–2021 seasons. For this purpose, four treatments were established: SD-30% (green artificial at 30%), SD-70% 70%), K (foliar kaolin), CTRL (no application). During two vintages, single-leaf gas exchange appraisal, leaf temperature, berry chlorophyll fluorescence, pre-dawn, water potential measured. Moreover, weight, pH, °Brix, acidity (technological maturity specifications), following analyzed: 3-S-glutathionylhexan-1-ol (Glut-3MH), S-4-(4-methylpentan-2-one)-L-cysteine (Cys-4MMP), 3-S-cysteinylhexan-1-ol (Cys-3MH). denoted less negative potential, lower level all than other treatments. Acidity sugar parameters indicated significant differences among weight tartaric found treatment. comparison, showed more balanced contents. As result global warming, color have been demonstrated be good practices counterpoise divergence between Sauvignon Blanc grapevines.

Язык: Английский

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