Impacts of Climate Change and Mitigation Strategies for Some Abiotic and Biotic Constraints Influencing Fruit Growth and Quality

Plants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(14), С. 1942 - 1942

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2024

Factors such as extreme temperatures, light radiation, and nutritional condition influence the physiological, biochemical, molecular processes associated with fruit development its quality. Besides abiotic stresses, biotic constraints can also affect growth Moreover, there be interactions between stressful conditions. However, it is challenging to predict generalize risks of climate change scenarios on seasonal patterns growth, development, yield, quality species because their responses are often highly complex involve changes at multiple levels. Advancements in genetic editing technologies hold great potential for agricultural sector, particularly enhancing crop traits. These improvements tailored meet consumer preferences, which crucial commercial success. Canopy management innovative training systems key factors that contribute maximizing yield efficiency improving quality, essential competitiveness orchards. creation habitats support pollinators a critical aspect sustainable agriculture, they play significant role production many crops, including fruits. Incorporating these strategies allows growers adapt changing conditions, increasingly important stability food production. By investing areas, stay ahead challenges opportunities industry, ultimately leading increased success profitability. In this review, we aim provide an updated overview current knowledge topic. We recommendations future research.

Язык: Английский

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Genome Editing for Sustainable Crop Improvement and Mitigation of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

Plants, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(19), С. 2625 - 2625

Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2022

Climate change poses a serious threat to global agricultural activity and food production. Plant genome editing technologies have been widely used develop crop varieties with superior qualities or can tolerate adverse environmental conditions. Unlike conventional breeding techniques (e.g., selective mutation breeding), modern tools offer more targeted specific alterations of the plant could significantly speed up progress developing crops desired traits, such as higher yield and/or stronger resilience changing environment. In this review, we discuss current development future applications in mitigating impacts biotic abiotic stresses on agriculture. We focus specifically CRISPR/Cas system, which has center attention last few years revolutionary genome-editing tool various species. also conducted bibliographic analysis CRISPR-related papers published from 2012 2021 (10 years) identify trends potential CRISPR/Cas-related research. addition, review article outlines shortcomings challenges employing agriculture notes prospective. believe combining innovative would be key optimizing improvement beyond limitations traditional practices.

Язык: Английский

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DNA-free genome editing in grapevine using CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes followed by protoplast regeneration

Horticulture Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 26, 2022

CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology can overcome many limitations of traditional breeding, offering enormous potential for crop improvement and food production. Although the direct delivery Cas9-single guide RNA (sgRNA) ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes to grapevine (Vitis vinifera) protoplasts has been shown before, regeneration edited into whole plants not reported. Here, we describe an efficient approach obtain transgene-free by transfection subsequent isolated from embryogenic callus. As proof concept, a single-copy green fluorescent protein reporter gene (GFP) in cultivar Thompson Seedless was targeted knocked out RNPs protoplasts. activity, guided two independent sgRNAs, confirmed loss GFP fluorescence. The GFP- monitored throughout development, confirming that were comparable morphology growth habit wild-type controls. We report first highly protocol DNA-free preassembled Cas9-sgRNA RNP protoplasts, helping address regulatory concerns related genetically modified plants. This could encourage application genetic other woody

Язык: Английский

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Emerging applications of gene editing technologies for the development of climate-resilient crops

Frontiers in Genome Editing, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 7

Опубликована: Март 10, 2025

Climate change threatens global crop yield and food security due to rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, increased abiotic stresses like drought, heat, salinity. Gene editing technologies, including CRISPR/Cas9, base editors, prime offer precise tools for enhancing resilience. This review explores the mechanisms of these technologies their applications in developing climate-resilient crops address future challenges. While CRISPR/enables targeted modifications plant DNA, editors allow direct conversion without inducing double-stranded breaks, enable insertions, deletions, substitutions. By understanding manipulating key regulator genes involved stress responses, such as DREB, HSP, SOS, ERECTA, HsfA1, NHX; tolerance can be enhanced against salt stress. improve traits related root development, water use efficiency, response pathways, heat shock response, photosynthesis, membrane stability, ion homeostasis, osmotic adjustment, oxidative response. Advancements gene integration with genomics, phenomics, artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) hold great promise. However, challenges off-target effects, delivery methods, regulatory barriers must addressed. highlights potential develop crops, contributing sustainable agriculture.

Язык: Английский

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Fruit crops combating drought: Physiological responses and regulatory pathways

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 192(3), С. 1768 - 1784

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2023

Drought is a common stress in agricultural production. Thus, it imperative to understand how fruit crops respond drought and develop drought-tolerant varieties. This paper provides an overview of the effects on vegetative reproductive growth fruits. We summarize empirical studies that have assessed physiological molecular mechanisms response crops. review focuses roles calcium (Ca2+) signaling, abscisic acid (ABA), reactive oxygen species protein phosphorylation underlying early plants. resulting downstream ABA-dependent ABA-independent transcriptional regulation under stress. Moreover, we highlight positive negative regulatory microRNAs Lastly, strategies (including breeding practices) improve resistance are outlined.

Язык: Английский

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Paralog editing tunes rice stomatal density to maintain photosynthesis and improve drought tolerance

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 24, 2023

Rice (Oryza sativa) is of paramount importance for global nutrition, supplying at least 20% calories. However, water scarcity and increased drought severity are anticipated to reduce rice yields globally. We explored stomatal developmental genetics as a mechanism improving resilience in while maintaining yield under climate stress. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockouts the positive regulator development STOMAGEN its paralog EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR-LIKE10 (EPFL10) yielded lines with ∼25% 80% wild-type density, respectively. epfl10 moderate reductions density were able conserve similar extents stomagen but did not suffer from concomitant conductance, carbon assimilation, or thermoregulation observed knockouts. Moderate achieved by editing EPFL10 present climate-adaptive approach safeguarding rice. Editing other species may provide means tuning agriculturally important crops beyond

Язык: Английский

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The Role of Italy in the Use of Advanced Plant Genomic Techniques on Fruit Trees: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(2), С. 977 - 977

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2023

Climate change is deeply impacting the food chain production, lowering quality and yield. In this context, international scientific community has dedicated many efforts to enhancing resilience sustainability in agriculture. Italy among main European producers of several fruit trees; therefore, national research centers universities undertook initiatives maintain specificity ‘Made Italy’ label. Despite their importance, crops are suffering from difficulties associated with conventional breeding approaches, especially terms financial commitment, land resources availability, long generation times. The ‘new genomic techniques’ (NGTs), renamed as ‘technologies for assisted evolution’ (TEAs), reduce time required obtain genetically improved cultivars while precisely targeting specific DNA sequences. This review aims illustrate role Italian use NGTs, a focus on Citrus, grapevine, apple, pear, chestnut, strawberry, peach, kiwifruit. For each crop, key genes traits which working, well technological improvements advancements regeneration local varieties, presented. Lastly, placed legal aspects contexts.

Язык: Английский

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Efficient genome editing in grapevine using CRISPR/LbCas12a system

Molecular Horticulture, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 3(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2023

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) /Cas12a system, also known as CRISPR/Cpf1, has been successfully harnessed for genome engineering in many plants, but not grapevine yet. Here we developed and demonstrated the efficacy of CRISPR/Cas12a from Lachnospiraceae bacterium ND2006 (LbCas12a) inducing targeted mutagenesis by targeting tonoplastic monosaccharide transporter1 (TMT1) dihydroflavonol-4-reductase 1 (DFR1) genes 41B cells. Knockout DFR1 gene altered flavonoid accumulation dfr1 mutant Heat treatment (34℃) improved editing efficiencies CRISPR/LbCas12a TMT1-crRNA1 TMT1-crRNA2 increased 35.3% to 44.6% 29.9% 37.3% after heat treatment, respectively. Moreover, sequences crRNAs were found be predominant factor affecting irrespective positions within crRNA array designed multiplex editing. In addition, with truncated (trucrRNAs) showed that trucrRNAs 20 nt guide effective original 24 guides generating mutagenesis, whereas shorter regions target complementarity ≤ 18 length may induce detectable mutations All these results provide evidence further applications system a powerful tool engineering.

Язык: Английский

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Natural polymorphisms in ZmIRX15A affect water‐use efficiency by modulating stomatal density in maize

Plant Biotechnology Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(12), С. 2560 - 2573

Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2023

Stomatal density (SD) is closely related to crop drought resistance. Understanding the genetic basis for natural variation in SD may facilitate efforts improve water-use efficiency. Here, we report a genome-wide association study maize seedlings, which identified 18 variants that could be resolved seven candidate genes. A 3-bp insertion variant (InDel1089) last exon of Zea mays (Zm) IRX15A (Irregular xylem 15A) had most significant with and modulated translation ZmIRX15A mRNA by affecting its secondary structure. Dysfunction increased SD, leading an increase transpiration rate CO2 assimilation encodes xylan deposition enzyme disruption significantly decreased abundance cell wall composition. Transcriptome analysis revealed substantial alteration expression genes involved stomatal complex morphogenesis response loss-of-function mutant. Overall, our provides important insights into leaf maize, loci or can serve as direct targets enhancing resistance molecular-assisted breeding.

Язык: Английский

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Editing VvDXS1 for the creation of muscat flavour in Vitis vinifera cv. Scarlet Royal

Plant Biotechnology Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(6), С. 1610 - 1621

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2024

Muscat flavour represents a group of unique aromatic attributes in some grape varieties. Biochemically, berries with muscat produce high levels monoterpenes. Monoterpene biosynthesis is mainly through the DOXP/MEP pathway, and VvDXS1 encodes first enzyme this plastidial pathway terpene grapevine. A single-point mutation resulting substitution lysine an asparagine at position 284 protein has previously been identified as major cause for producing grapes. In study, same was successfully created prime editing table Vitis vinifera cv. 'Scarlet Royal'. The targeted point detected most transgenic vines, varying efficiencies. No unintended mutations were edited alleles, either by PCR Sanger sequencing or amplicon sequencing. More than dozen vines efficiency more 50%, indicating that these likely derived from single cells which one allele edited. These had much higher monoterpenes their leaves control, similar to what found leaf samples between field-grown non-muscat

Язык: Английский

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