Plant breeding advancements with “CRISPR-Cas” genome editing technologies will assist future food security

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Март 13, 2023

Genome editing techniques are being used to modify plant breeding, which might increase food production sustainably by 2050. A product made feasible genome is becoming better known, because of looser regulation and widespread acceptance. The world’s population supply would never have increased proportionally under current farming practices. development plants has been greatly impacted global warming climate change. Therefore, minimizing these effects crucial for agricultural that sustainable. Crops more resilient abiotic stress sophisticated practices a understanding the response mechanism. Both conventional molecular breeding create viable crop types both processes time-consuming. Recently, breeders shown an interest in approaches genetic manipulation use clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9). To ensure security future, kinds with desired traits must be developed. completely new era begun revolution based on CRISPR/CRISPR-associated nuclease (Cas9) systems. All may effectively target particular gene or group loci using Cas9 single-guide RNA (sgRNA). CRISPR/Cas9 can thereby save time labor compared methods. An easy, quick, efficient method directly altering sequences cells CRISPR CRISPR-Cas9 system, was developed from components earliest known bacterial immune allows targeted breakage variety cells/RNA guide endonuclease cleavage specificity system. Editing directed practically any genomic site (gRNA) sequence delivering it cell along endonuclease. We summarize recent research findings, investigate potential applications make predictions about likely future breakthroughs through

Язык: Английский

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CRISPR/Cas9 Landscape: Current State and Future Perspectives

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(22), С. 16077 - 16077

Опубликована: Ноя. 8, 2023

CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 is a unique genome editing tool that can be easily used in wide range of applications, including functional genomics, transcriptomics, epigenetics, biotechnology, plant engineering, livestock breeding, gene therapy, diagnostics, and so on. This review focused on the current CRISPR/Cas9 landscape, e.g., Cas9 variants with improved properties, Cas9-derived fusion proteins, delivery methods, pre-existing immunity against anti-CRISPR their possible roles function improvement. Moreover, this presents detailed outline CRISPR/Cas9-based diagnostics therapeutic approaches. Finally, addresses future expansion editors’ toolbox orthologs other CRISPR/Cas proteins.

Язык: Английский

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GMOs or non-GMOs? The CRISPR Conundrum

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2023

CRISPR-Cas9, the “genetic scissors”, is being presaged as a revolutionary technology, having tremendous potential to create designer crops by introducing precise and targeted modifications in genome achieve global food security face of climate change increasing population. Traditional genetic engineering relies on random unpredictable insertion isolated genes or foreign DNA elements into plant genome. However, CRISPR-Cas based gene editing does not necessarily involve inserting element from different species but new traits precisely altering existing genes. CRISPR edited are touching markets, however, world community divided over whether these should be considered genetically modified (GM) non-GM. Classification crops, especially transgene free traditional GM will significantly affect their future public acceptance some regions. Therefore, depending upon regulation non-GMs, perception. Here we briefly discuss how crops. In addition, reagents delivery tools produce transgene-free Moreover, also summarize regulatory classification countries regulating We that controversy CRISPR-edited plants non-GM continue until universal, transparent, scalable framework for introduced worldwide, with increased awareness involving all stakeholders.

Язык: Английский

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Plant translational reprogramming for stress resilience

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2023

Organisms regulate gene expression to produce essential proteins for numerous biological processes, from growth and development stress responses. Transcription translation are the major processes of expression. Plants evolved various transcription factors transcriptome reprogramming mechanisms dramatically modulate in response environmental cues. However, even genome-wide modulation a gene’s transcripts will not have meaningful effect if properly biosynthesized into proteins. Therefore, protein must also be carefully controlled. Biotic abiotic stresses threaten global crop production, these seriously deteriorating due climate change. Several studies demonstrated improved plant resistance through regulation, which requires deep understanding translational control stresses. Here, we highlight modulated by biotic, hypoxia, heat, drought stresses, becoming more serious This review provides strategy improve tolerance crops modulating regulation.

Язык: Английский

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A CRISPR way for accelerating cereal crop improvement: Progress and challenges

Frontiers in Genetics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2023

Humans rely heavily on cereal grains as a key source of nutrients, hence regular improvement crops is essential for ensuring food security. The current crisis at the global level due to rising population and harsh climatic conditions which prompts scientists develop smart resilient attain Cereal crop in past generally depended imprecise methods like random mutagenesis conventional genetic recombination results high off targeting risks. In this context, we have witnessed application targeted using versatile CRISPR-Cas systems sustainable agriculture. Accelerated molecular breeding based genome editing (GE) an unprecedented tool plant biotechnology last decade has shown fidelity, accuracy, low levels off-target effects, efficacy CRISPR technology induce such wheat, rice, maize, barley, millets. Since genomic databases these are available, several modifications GE technologies been performed desirable results. This review provides brief overview includes elaborate account mechanisms applications improving desired traits. Further, describe recent developments CRISPR-Cas–based through base prime plants, possibly providing new dimensions field editing.

Язык: Английский

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CRISPR/Cas9-gene editing approaches in plant breeding

GM crops & food, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1), С. 1 - 17

Опубликована: Сен. 19, 2023

CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system is recently developed robust genome technology for accelerating plant breeding. Various modifications of this have been established adaptability in varieties as well its improved efficiency and portability. This review provides an in-depth look at the various strategies synthesizing gRNAs efficient delivery cells, including chemical synthesis

Язык: Английский

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Hybrid Rice Production: A Worldwide Review of Floral Traits and Breeding Technology, with Special Emphasis on China

Plants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(5), С. 578 - 578

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2024

Rice is an important diet source for the majority of world’s population, and meeting growing need rice requires significant improvements at production level. Hybrid has been a breakthrough in this regard, floral traits play major role development hybrid rice. In grass species, structural units called florets spikelets contains different floret organs such as lemma, palea, style length, anther, stigma exsertion. These are crucial enhancing uplifting cultivation broader Recent advances breeding techniques also provide knowledge about how they can be improved by using biotechnological better The flower holds immense significance primary focal point researchers working on molecular biology. Furthermore, unique genetics maintaining its structure. However, to improve varieties further, we identify genomic regions through mapping QTLs (quantitative trait loci) or GWAS (genome-wide association studies) their validation should performed developing user-friendly markers, Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP). This review outlines benefits modern approaches production. It focuses interrelated possible contribution satisfy future demand. We discuss traits, techniques, historical perspective current status outline challenges opportunities field.

Язык: Английский

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Crop Improvement: Comparison of Transgenesis and Gene Editing

Horticulturae, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 10(1), С. 57 - 57

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2024

The development and improvement of molecular biology methods have led to the creation new technologies that make it possible modify plant genomes by transferring integrating into genomes’ heterologous genes from various expression systems (genetic engineering), as well inducing knockouts one or more target interest (genomic editing). genome-editing is a milestone in modern breeding certainly relies on knowledge developed for transgenesis. This review will discuss issues related advantages disadvantages both improving economically valuable traits important crops.

Язык: Английский

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CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in wheat: enhancing quality and productivity for global food security—a review

Functional & Integrative Genomics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 23(3)

Опубликована: Авг. 4, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Characterization and development of a plastid genome base editor, ptpTALECD

The Plant Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 115(4), С. 1151 - 1162

Опубликована: Май 23, 2023

SUMMARY The modification of photosynthesis‐related genes in plastid genomes may improve crop yields. Recently, we reported that a plastid‐targeting base editor named ptpTALECD, which cytidine deaminase DddA functions as the catalytic domain, can homoplasmically substitute targeted C to T Arabidopsis thaliana . However, some target Cs were not substituted. In addition, although ptpTALECD could on 3′ side and A, it was unclear whether also G C. this study, identified preferential positions substituted ptpTALECD‐targeting sequences genome. We found all four bases Arabidopsis. More recently, containing an improved version (DddA11) more efficiently, varieties human mitochondrial than DddA. Here, show ptpTALECD_v2, modified DddA11 frequently ptpTALECD_v2 tended at ptpTALECD. Our results reveal cause greater variety codon changes amino acid substitutions previously thought, are useful tools for editing genomes.

Язык: Английский

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