Analyzing the Quality Parameters of Apples by Spectroscopy from Vis/NIR to NIR Region: A Comprehensive Review

Foods, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(10), С. 1946 - 1946

Опубликована: Май 10, 2023

Spectroscopic methods deliver a valuable non-destructive analytical tool that provides simultaneous qualitative and quantitative characterization of various samples. Apples belong to the world’s most consumed crops with current challenges climate change human impacts on environment, maintaining high-quality apple production has become critical. This review comprehensively analyzes application spectroscopy in near-infrared (NIR) visible (Vis) regions, which not only show particular potential evaluating quality parameters apples but also optimizing their supply routines. includes assessment external internal characteristics such as color, size, shape, surface defects, soluble solids content (SSC), total titratable acidity (TA), firmness, starch pattern index (SPI), dry matter concentration (DM), nutritional value. The summarizes techniques approaches used Vis/NIR studies apples, authenticity, origin, identification, adulteration, control. Optical sensors associated offer wide suite solutions readily addressing main needs industry practical routines well, e.g., efficient sorting grading based sweetness other parameters, facilitating control throughout chain. evaluates ongoing development trends handheld portable instruments operating NIR spectral regions for use these technologies can enhance crop quality, maintain competitiveness, meet demands consumers, making them crucial topic industry. focal point this is placed literature published last five years, exceptions seminal works have played critical role shaping field or representative highlight progress made specific areas.

Язык: Английский

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First note of QTL mapping of low vigor traits using the updated F2 ‘Koroneiki’ linkage map of olive

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2025

The olive tree (Olea europaea L.), which characterizes the agriculture of Mediterranean basin, faces challenges adapting to high-density orchards and mechanized cultivation. This study addresses a key issue: controlling size enhance efficiency manageability in Utilizing genetic mapping methods, we have identified significant Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) candidate genes associated with low-vigor traits trees. Our research on 'Koroneiki' F2 progeny, exhibits low vigor but remains underutilized breeding programs, has pinpointed QTL linked trunk basal diameter-a trait correlated plant height based morphological measurements. Results underscore strong control these traits, consistent correlation observed over time. We two - Acid Phosphatase 1, Shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase, SNP Marker likely Calcium Responsive Proteins each potentially interacting hormones influence growth. Controlling presents several challenges, including complexity polygenic like vigor, limited rootstock options. By integrating reference genomes our analysis, offer conceptual advancement that could substantially accelerate timelines compared traditional approaches. Although genome editing is still future possibility due genetics species' recalcitrance transformation, lays foundational understanding guide programs. targeting genes, this represents pivotal step toward selecting new genotypes rootstocks, contributing innovations

Язык: Английский

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A Comprehensive Morphological, Biochemical, and Sensory Study of Traditional and Modern Apple Cultivars

Horticulturae, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(3), С. 264 - 264

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) represent one of the most widely cultivated and consumed fruits globally, with significant genetic diversity among cultivars. This study aimed to evaluate morphological, biochemical, organoleptic characteristics 34 apple cultivars, including ancient Romanian varieties, internationally old modern new selections. The assessment was conducted identify valuable traits for breeding programs commercial applications. Morphological analysis revealed variation in fruit size, shape, weight, international ‘classic’ cultivars exhibiting larger dimensions on average. Biochemical profiling indicated notable differences moisture content, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, carotenoid levels, some traditional demonstrating high nutritional potential. Texture showed variations peel hardness, flesh firmness, toughness, influencing storage capacity consumer preference. Organoleptic evaluations highlighted superior sensory attributes such as ‘Golden Orange’, ‘Jonathan’, ‘Kaltherer Böhmer’, Delicious’, which ranked highest terms taste, aroma, juiciness. Statistical analyses, principal component hierarchical clustering further distinguished based their physicochemical profiles. findings emphasize importance apples maintaining a resilient sustainable assortment. provides insights orchard, market, industry development. We also highlight future directions, promoting conservation strategic use both

Язык: Английский

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Transcriptome Analysis of White- and Red-Fleshed Apple Fruits Uncovered Novel Genes Related to the Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(3), С. 1778 - 1778

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

The red flesh coloration of apples is a result biochemical pathway involved in the biosynthesis anthocyanins and anthocyanidins. Based on apple genome analysis, high number regulatory genes, mainly transcription factors such as MYB, which are components complex MYB-bHLH-WD40, several structural genes (PAL, 4CL, CHS, CHI, F3H, DFR, ANS, UFGT) anthocyanin biosynthesis, have been identified. In this study, we investigated novel related to red-flesh phenotype. These could be deemed molecular markers for early selection new cultivars. comparative transcriptome analysis with different fruit-flesh coloration, successfully identified characterized ten potential from plant hormone transduction auxin (GH3); cytokinins (B-ARR); gibberellins (DELLA); abscisic acid (SnRK2 ABF); brassinosteroids (BRI1, BZR1 TCH4); jasmonic (MYC2); salicylic (NPR1). An expression profiles was performed immature ripe fruits red-fleshed We uncovered mediating regulation acid, cytokinin, signaling described their role accumulation, degradation. presented results underline relationship between signal UFGT directly responsible color transformation well accumulation during apple-fruit ripening.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of apples ( Malus domestica ) and their derivatives on metabolic conditions related to inflammation and oxidative stress and an overview of by-products use in food processing

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 32

Опубликована: Июль 24, 2024

Apple (Malus domestica) is the third most produced fruit worldwide. It a well-known source of bioactive compounds mainly represented by hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ols, dihydrochalcones, dehydroascorbic acid, carotenoids, chlorogenic epicatechin, and phloridzin. Due to lack recent evaluation clinical trials associated with apple consumption, this review investigated effects on metabolic conditions related inflammation oxidative stress reviewed applications waste food products. Thirty-three studies showed that apples or its derivatives exhibit anti-inflammatory antioxidant actions, improve blood pressure, body fat, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, reduce cardiovascular risks. Apples have great economic impact due several in industry as supplement since it has impressive nutritional value. Dietary fiber from pomace can be used substitute for fat products an improver content meat also bakery confectionary fermented produce alcohol. Pomace phytocompounds isolated applied antioxidants The potential use by-products environmental damage.

Язык: Английский

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Effect of Genotype × Environment Interactions on Apple Fruit Characteristics in a High Latitude Region of Korea

Deleted Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 67(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2025

Apple cultivation is expected to shift from low latitude high regions of Korea due climate change. However, there a lack research on selecting suitable apple cultivars for high-latitude in Korea. Therefore, the objective this study was investigate effect genotype × environment interactions (GEI) fruit quality and identify stable genotypes that performed well these regions. The characteristics eight cultivated two locations over 2 years were analyzed using additive main effects multiplicative interaction (AMMI), (GGE) biplot, multi-trait stability index (MTSI). results showed significant difference among genotypes, environment, their all characteristics. Genotypes had greatest contribution total variance weight, phenolic content, soluble solid radical scavenging activity, whereas contributed more firmness, flavonoid vitamin C at varying levels. GEI also found be traits with medium contributions. AMMI GGE biplots divided into principal component analysis (IPCA), explained variation traits, respectively. Based combined multiple 'Shinano Gold', 'Fuji', 'Picnic', 'Hongro' selected as by MTSI model. These offer opportunities sustainable production

Язык: Английский

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Using Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping and Genomic Resources to Improve Breeding Precision in Peaches: Current Insights and Future Prospects

Plants, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(2), С. 175 - 175

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025

Modern breeding technologies and the development of quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping have brought about a new era in peach breeding. This study examines complex genetic structure that underlies morphology fruits, paying special attention to interaction between genome editing, genomic selection, marker-assisted selection. Breeders now access precise tools enhance crop resilience, productivity, quality, facilitated by QTL mapping, which has significantly advanced our understanding determinants underlying essential traits such as fruit shape, size, firmness. New like CRISPR/Cas9 selection enable cultivars can withstand climate change satisfy consumer demands with unprecedented precision modification. Genotype-environment interactions remain critical challenge for modern efforts, be addressed through high-throughput phenotyping multi-environment trials. work shows how combining genome-wide association studies machine learning improve synthesis multi-omics data result faster cycles while preserving diversity. outlines roadmap prioritizes superior utilizing cutting-edge methods order address evolving agricultural environmental challenges.

Язык: Английский

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Candidate genes controlling the taste qualities of garden strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) fruits

PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BREEDING, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 7(4), С. 18 - 30

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2025

Strawberry ( Fragaria L.) is one of the commercially valuable berry crops. Strawberries are valued for their attractive appearance and nutritional value, a low-calorie product have low glycemic index. In industrial production, preference given to cultivars distinguished by good resistance pathogens, high yield transportability. However, probably as result breeding aimed at improving these other characteristics, most lost taste qualities. The use accelerated methods improve strawberry fruits promising areas. At first stages work accelerate breeding, it necessary search candidate genes that regulate certain To date, total over 2,000 volatile aromatic compounds known in various fruit components regulating sugar-acid index include sugars organic acids. review examines group genes, including SWEET gene family, which transfer from leaves number involved biosynthesis sugars, associated with accumulation malic acid trees, citric citrus fruits, well basic qualities berries considered.. key flavor regulation FaOMT, FaFAD1, FanAAMT . sucrose levels influenced FaSPS, FaPHS1, FaSuc11 , FaSUSY glucose FaGlu8 FaGlu3 fructose FaFRU content regulated FaMYB5 gene, while ascorbic FaAKR23 FaGalUR.

Язык: Английский

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Interactions Between Seasonal Temperature Changes, Activities of Selected Genes and Fruit Quality in Malus domestica Borkh.

Agronomy, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(4), С. 908 - 908

Опубликована: Апрель 6, 2025

Temperature changes strongly affect apple development and quality. In this study, we analyze the relationships between main factors modulating both of aforementioned processes in fruits four cultivars. We assessed three-dimensional data concerning expression profile (fold change) eight genes related to fruit ripeness regulation (involved cell respiration process sorbitol metabolism as well encoding kinase receptors) parameters such weight, ethylene concentration, concentration soluble solids acidity, which are affected by seasonal temperature variations (2018–2020). observed that low temperatures (before ripening phase) promoted an increase gene activity improved quality following cultivars: early-flowering/mid-ripening ‘Pink Braeburn’ ‘Pinokio’, early-flowering/late-ripening ‘Ligol’ late-flowering/late-ripening ‘Ligolina’. confirmed positive effect on AAAA1, AALA1, StG AAXA evaluated parameters, their dependence genotype studied The obtained results shed light complexity variability mechanism features harvest dates. This knowledge may improve breeding programs for production better-quality apples.

Язык: Английский

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MhIDA small peptides modulate the growth and development of roots in Malus hupehensis

Plant Cell Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 44(5)

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2025

Язык: Английский

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