Nitrogen Journey in Plants: From Uptake to Metabolism, Stress Response, and Microbe Interaction

Biomolecules, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(10), С. 1443 - 1443

Опубликована: Сен. 25, 2023

Plants uptake and assimilate nitrogen from the soil in form of nitrate, ammonium ions, available amino acids organic sources. Plant nitrate transporters are responsible for translocation into roots. The unique structure these determines specificity each transporter, structural analyses reveal mechanisms by which function. Following absorption, metabolism pathway incorporates compounds via glutamine synthetase glutamate synthase that convert ions glutamate. Different isoforms exist, enabling plants to fine-tune based on environmental cues. Under stressful conditions, nitric oxide has been found enhance plant survival under drought stress. Furthermore, interaction between salinity stress availability studied, with identified as a potential mediator responses salt Conversely, excessive use fertilizers can lead health issues. Therefore, alternative strategies, such establishing fixation through diazotrophic microbiota, have explored reduce reliance synthetic fertilizers. Ultimately, genomics identify new genes related fixation, could be harnessed improve productivity.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on plant nutrition and root characteristics: Current perspective

Plant Stress, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11, С. 100341 - 100341

Опубликована: Дек. 28, 2023

Through a variety of mechanisms, including increasing the amount readily available mineral nutrients, regulating phytohormone levels, and biocontrol phytopathogens, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) associated with rhizosphere either directly or indirectly stimulates growth development. The establishment, survival, persistence PGPR inoculants are widely acknowledged to be contingent upon these two parameters, in addition intricate network interactions within rhizosphere. In general, soil is moist environment significant amounts carbon that have been degraded harbors large population microbes. rhizo-microbiome crucial agriculture because wide root exudates cell debris attract unique distinct patterns microbial colonization. plays role manufacture regulation extracellular molecules, hormones, secondary metabolites, antibiotics, various signaling chemicals. Additionally, composition influences texture enhancement. Research has shown can used treat plants inoculate promote alters physiology entire plant, which enhances nutrient uptake affects effectiveness activity. specific biochemical processes involved this phenomenon often not well understood. Nevertheless, new studies shed light on mechanisms via by induce responses, both at local systemic levels. Insufficient information regarding impact mechanism molecules metabolic pathways characteristics. Consequently, review will concentrate elucidating identifying essential exert influence root-microbe interactions.

Язык: Английский

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Plasticity of Root System Architecture and Whole Transcriptome Responses Underlying Nitrogen Deficiency Tolerance Conferred by a Wild Emmer Wheat QTL

Plant Cell & Environment, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025

ABSTRACT Our aim was to elucidate mechanisms underlying nitrogen (N)‐deficiency tolerance in bread wheat (cultivar Ruta), conferred by a wild emmer QTL (WEW; IL99). We hypothesised that the IL99 is driven enhanced N‐uptake through modification of root system architecture (RSA) underscored transcriptome modifications. Severe N‐deficiency (0.1 N for 26 days) triggered significantly higher plasticity compared Ruta modifying 16 RSA traits; nine which were IL99‐specific. The change growth collectively characterised transition orientation from shallow steep, increased number and length, denser networks, enabling nutrient acquisition larger volume deeper soil layers. Gene ontology KEGG‐enrichment analyses highlighted IL99‐specific pathways candidate genes elevated under N‐deficiency. This included Jasmonic acid metabolism, key hormone mediating ( AOS1, TIFY, MTB2, MYC2 ), lignification‐mediated strengthening (CYP73A, 4CL ). ‘N‐metabolism’ identified as main shared pathway Ruta, with nitrate uptake predominant NRT2.4 while remobilisation strategy NRT2.3 These findings provide novel insights into response demonstrate potential WEW improving suboptimal conditions.

Язык: Английский

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Nitrogen Journey in Plants: from Uptake to Metabolism to Stress response and Microbe Interaction

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2023

Abstract Plant uptake and assimilation of essential nitrogen compounds from the soil are mainly in form nitrate ammonium ions. transporters (NRTs) play a crucial role into roots. NRT structural analysis reveals mechanisms by which these function. Similarly, plant (AMTs) mediate ions, their has provided valuable information on mechanisms. After roots, metabolism pathway involves incorporation organic compounds. Glutamine synthetase (GS) glutamate synthase (GoGAT) master players this pathway. They work together to convert ions glutamine glutamate, respectively. Different isoforms GS GoGAT exist, enabling plants fine-tune based environmental cues. Under severe abiotic stress conditions, nitric oxide (NO) been found enhance survival under drought. Furthermore, interaction between salinity availability studied, with NO identified as potential mediator responses salt stress. On other hand, excessive use fertilizers can lead health issues. Therefore, alternative strategies, such establishing fixation through diazotrophic microbiota, have explored reduce reliance synthetic fertilizers. Ultimately, genomics identify new genes related fixation, could be harnessed improve productivity. By deciphering genetic basis nitrogen-fixing traits, researchers aim develop crops that efficiently utilize environment.

Язык: Английский

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Nutrient stress signals: Elucidating morphological, physiological, and molecular responses of fruit trees to macronutrients deficiency and their management strategies

Scientia Horticulturae, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 329, С. 112985 - 112985

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2024

Язык: Английский

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The Combined Toxic Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics and Arsenate on Lettuce Under Hydroponic Conditions

Toxics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(2), С. 86 - 86

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2025

The combined pollution of microplastics (MPs) and arsenic (As) has gradually been recognized as a global environmental problem, which calls for detailed investigation the synergistic toxic effects MPs As on plants their mechanisms. Therefore, interaction between polystyrene (PS-MPs) arsenate (AsO43−) (in following text, it is abbreviated As(V)) its lettuce were investigated in this study. Firstly, chemisorption was identified main mechanism PS-MPs As(V) by analysis adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). At same time, addition promoted penetration through continuous endodermal region Casparis strip. Furthermore, compared with CK group, found that co-addition exacerbated lowering effect pH value rhizosphere environment inhibitory root growth. In P20V10 decreased 33.0%. Compared to P20, P20V1, chlorophyll content 68.45% (16 SPAD units), 71.37% (17.73 61.74% (15.36 units) length 19.31% (4.18 cm), 50.72% (10.98 47.90% (10.37 cm) lettuce. P5V10 increased CAT 153.54% (33.22 U·(mgprol)−1) 182.68% ((38.2 U·(mgprol)−1)), Ca 31.27% 37.68%, Zn 41.85% 41.85%, but presence reduced Na 22.85% (P5V1) 49.95% (P5V10). co-exposure significantly affected physiological biochemical indicators well nutritional quality Finally, metabolomic leaves showed metabolic pathways tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), sulfur metabolism, pyruvate metabolism. This study provides data management measures As(V).

Язык: Английский

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Can nutrients act as signals under abiotic stress?

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 206, С. 108313 - 108313

Опубликована: Дек. 29, 2023

Язык: Английский

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The Potential of CRISPR/Cas Technology to Enhance Crop Performance on Adverse Soil Conditions

Plants, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(9), С. 1892 - 1892

Опубликована: Май 5, 2023

Worldwide food security is under threat in the actual scenery of global climate change because major staple crops are not adapted to hostile climatic and soil conditions. Significant efforts have been performed maintain yield crops, using traditional breeding innovative molecular techniques assist them. However, additional strategies necessary achieve future demand. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) technology, as well its variants, emerged alternatives transgenic plant breeding. This novelty has helped accelerate modifications confront impact abiotic stress on agriculture systems. review summarizes current advances CRISPR/Cas applications deal with main conditions, such drought, flooding waterlogging, salinity, heavy metals, nutrient deficiencies. In addition, potential extremophytes a reservoir new mechanisms for tolerance, their orthologue identification edition shown. Moreover, challenges prospects related technology issues, legal regulations, customer acceptance will be discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Genome-wide identification, phylogenomics, and expression analysis of benzoxazinoids gene family in rice (Oryza sativa)

Plant Stress, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10, С. 100214 - 100214

Опубликована: Сен. 9, 2023

Benzoxazinoids (BXs) are potent secondary metabolites that affect plants' biotic and abiotic interactions. Extensive studies on the functions of benzoxazinoids in mediating stressors have been reported maize, wheat, rye. However, little is known about BXs biosynthesis rice. This study presents a genome-wide analysis forty-three Oryzae sativa genes form diphyletic clusters neighbor-joining tree. The first cluster comprised encode four steps (BX2–BX4), leading to production 2,4-dihydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIBOA). second mainly BX6 BX7 responsible for glycosylation. Furthermore, proteins harboring similar conserved motifs were found group according their phylogenetic clustering. Whereas P450 superfamily protein BX1-BX4 proteins, UDP-glucosyltransferase members. These be strategically localized subcellular compartments where catalytic activities executed. BX1 chloroplasts, they indole. identified as cytoplasmic involved hydroxylation DIBOA-Glycoside 2-(2,4,7-trihydroxy-8-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazine-3-one)-β-d-glucopyranose (TRIBOA-Glycoside). Further investigation molecular addresses showed tend localize together chromosomes based functions. Moreover, expression profiles these vary at various developmental stages rice tissues organs, highlighting potential prospects growth induction also investigated by analyzing responsiveness plant hormones nutrient treatment. gene affected exogenous treatment with auxin gibberellin well nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus contents, suggesting possible role mediation. lays foundation further elucidate BX

Язык: Английский

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Proteomics- and metabolomics-based analysis of the regulation of germination in Norway maple and sycamore embryonic axes

Tree Physiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 45(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

Abstract Norway maple and sycamore belong to the Acer genus produce desiccation-tolerant desiccation-sensitive seeds, respectively. We investigated seed germination process at imbibed germinated stages using metabolomic proteomic approaches determine why seeds germinate earlier are more successful establishing seedlings than under controlled conditions. Embryonic axes embryonic with protruded radicles were analyzed stages, Among 212 identified metabolites, 44 67 differentially abundant metabolites found respectively, in both species. Higher levels of amines, growth defense stimulants, including B vitamins, sycamore. 611 447 proteins specific addition groups expressed different levels. Functional analysis significantly regulated revealed that catalytic binding activity enriched during germination, possibly implicated nitrogen metabolism metabolite interconversion enzymes predominant classes. Proteins associated control plant regulation observed species stages. Sycamore involved abscisic acid signal transduction pathway, stress tolerance alleviation, ion oxygenase activities appeared accompany peptides containing methionine (Met) oxidized sulfoxide (MetO), functional analyses MetO sites translation, development compounds main processes Met/MetO redox control. propose higher storage together supported efficient utilization sycamore, resulting faster seedling growth. In conclusion, omic signatures seem predispose better postgerminative

Язык: Английский

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