Physiological and biochemical mechanisms of salt tolerance in barley under salinity stress

Plant Stress, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11, С. 100403 - 100403

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2024

Salt stress poses a significant threat to global crop yield, prompting the need for understanding responses in crops like barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) known salt tolerance. This study investigated four genotypes - Giza129, Giza135, Line 1 and 2 under 12 16 dS/m concentrations over 30-day period. Results revealed salinity-induced decrease plant growth, particularly pronounced Giza 129 135. Ion analyses demonstrated distinct responses, with accumulating more Na+ less K+, leading an increased Na+/K+ ratio, while both lines maintained reducing ratio. Proline accumulation emerged as crucial protective mechanism, evident exhibiting significantly higher proline content compared genotypes. Antioxidant enzyme activities, including catalase, ascorbate peroxidase peroxidase, are markedly elevated lines, indicating superior tolerance mechanisms. research contributes insights into tolerance, emphasizing potential genetic enhancement programs. The elucidated variations salinity among new their signaling mechanisms stress. Given impact of on these findings hold promise enhancing other through advancements.

Язык: Английский

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Melatonin Role in Plant Growth and Physiology under Abiotic Stress

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(10), С. 8759 - 8759

Опубликована: Май 15, 2023

Phyto-melatonin improves crop yield by mitigating the negative effects of abiotic stresses on plant growth. Numerous studies are currently being conducted to investigate significant performance melatonin in crops regulating agricultural growth and productivity. However, a comprehensive review pivotal phyto-melatonin morpho-physiological biochemical activities under needs be clarified. This focused research activities, regulation, redox status, signal transduction plants stresses. Furthermore, it also highlighted role defense systems as biostimulants stress conditions. The study revealed that enhances some leaf senescence proteins, protein further interacts with plant’s photosynthesis activity, macromolecules, changes response stress. Our goal is thoroughly evaluate stress, which will help us better understand mechanism regulates yield.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of Exogenous Melatonin Application on Photosynthetic Machinery under Abiotic Stress Conditions

Plants, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(16), С. 2948 - 2948

Опубликована: Авг. 15, 2023

Inhospitable conditions that hinder plant growth and development encompass a range of abiotic stresses, such as drought, extreme temperatures (both low high), salinity, exposure to heavy metals, irradiation. The cumulative impact these stresses leads considerable reduction in agricultural productivity worldwide. generation reactive oxygen species (ROS) is shared mechanism toxicity induced by all stimuli plants, resulting oxidative damage membrane instability. Extensive research has shed light on the dual role melatonin where it serves both regulator, fostering development, potent protector against stresses. inherent potential function natural antioxidant positions promising biostimulant for use, bolstering plants' abilities withstand wide array environmental challenges. Beyond its properties, demonstrated capacity regulate expression genes associated with photosynthetic process. This additional characteristic enhances appeal versatile chemical agent can be exogenously applied particularly adverse conditions, improve their resilience optimize efficiency every phase life cycle. An examination molecular mechanisms underlying stress-protective effects exogenous machinery plants under various presented this paper. In addition, future prospects are discussed developing stress-tolerant crops sustainable agriculture challenging environments.

Язык: Английский

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Have All of the Phytohormonal Properties of Melatonin Been Verified?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(6), С. 3550 - 3550

Опубликована: Март 21, 2024

Melatonin is a ubiquitous regulator in plants and performs variety of physiological roles, including resistance to abiotic stress, regulation growth development, enhancement plant immunity. exhibits the characteristics phytohormone with its pleiotropic effects, biosynthesis, conjugation, catabolism, effective concentration, shape location dose-response curves. In addition, CAND2/PMTR1, phytomelatonin receptor candidate belonging G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), supports concept melatonin as phytohormone. However, biochemistry needs be further characterized. particular, some experimental findings date cannot explained by known GPCR signaling mechanisms, so studies are needed explore possibility novel mechanisms.

Язык: Английский

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Drought Stress Alleviator Melatonin Reconfigures Water-Stressed Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Plants’ Photosynthetic Efficiency, Antioxidant Capacity, and Endogenous Phytohormone Profile

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(22), С. 16228 - 16228

Опубликована: Ноя. 12, 2023

The production of crops is severely limited by water scarcity. We still do not fully understand the underlying mechanism exogenous melatonin (MT)-mediated stress tolerance in barley. This study first its kind to show how MT can potentially mitigate changes barley's physio-biochemical parameters caused deficiency. Barley was grown under three irrigation levels (100%, 70%, and 30% field capacity) foliar sprayed with 70 μM MT. results showed that exogenously applied protected photosynthetic apparatus improving pigment content, photochemical reactions photosynthesis, Calvin cycle enzyme activity, gas exchange capacity, chlorophyll fluorescence system, membrane stability index. Furthermore, increased salicylic acid, gibberellins, cytokinins, melatonin, indole-3-acetic as well a decrease abscisic indicated foliar-applied greatly improved barley tolerance. Additionally, increasing activity antioxidant enzymes such superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate glutathione reductase decreasing hydrogen peroxide lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, application lessened stress-induced oxidative stress. According newly discovered data, improves reprogramming endogenous plant hormone which enhances photosynthesis. unraveled MT's crucial role deficiency mitigation, thus be management.

Язык: Английский

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Deciphering the Mechanism of Melatonin-Induced Enhancement of Photosystem II Function in Moderate Drought-Stressed Oregano Plants

Plants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(18), С. 2590 - 2590

Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2024

Melatonin (MT) is considered as an antistress molecule that plays a constructive role in the acclimation of plants to both biotic and abiotic stress conditions. In present study, we assessed impact 10 100 μM MT foliar spray, on chlorophyll content, photosystem II (PSII) function, under moderate drought stress, oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) plants. Our aim was elucidate molecular mechanism action photosynthetic electron transport process. Foliar spray with more effective mitigating negative PSII compared MT. significantly improved reduced efficiency oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), photoinhibition (Fv/Fm), which were caused by stress. Under MT, water sprayed (WA) leaves, increased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) 31%, at growth irradiance (GI, 205 μmol photons m−2 s−1), 13% high (HI, 1000 s−1). However, lower NPQ increase HI demonstrated be decreasing singlet-excited oxygen (1O2) production (−38%), drought-stressed than corresponding decrease 1O2 GI (−20%), respective WA-sprayed leaves drought. The resulted significant quantum yield photochemistry (ΦPSII), rate (ETR), plants, but only (+27%). results suggest enhancement functionality, initiated mechanism, decreased fraction open reaction centers (qp), resulting ETR.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanistic Approach on Melatonin-Induced Hormesis of Photosystem II Function in the Medicinal Plant Mentha spicata

Plants, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(23), С. 4025 - 4025

Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2023

Melatonin (MT) is considered a new plant hormone having universal distribution from prokaryotic bacteria to higher plants. It has been characterized as an antistress molecule playing positive role in the acclimation of plants stress conditions, but its impact on under non-stressed conditions not well understood. In current research, we evaluated MT application (10 and 100 μM) photosystem II (PSII) function, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, chlorophyll content mint (Mentha spicata L.) order elucidate molecular mechanism action photosynthetic electron transport process that still unclear. Seventy-two hours after foliar spray with μM MT, improved imported amount light energy capture, which caused 6% increase quantum yield PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) rate (ETR). Nevertheless, reduced efficiency oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), causing donor-side photoinhibition, simultaneous slight ROS. Even so, decreased excess excitation at implying superior efficiency. The pressure PSII, spray, suggests induced stomatal closure through ROS production. response ΦPSII corresponds J-shaped hormetic curve, enhancement by MT. suggested stimulation functionality was triggered non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) stimulated production, enhanced function. concluded molecules can be used both biostimulants for enhancing crop yields.

Язык: Английский

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Zero-valent iron (nZVI) nanoparticles mediate SlERF1 expression to enhance cadmium stress tolerance in tomato

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 468, С. 133829 - 133829

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Abscisic acid participates in melatonin-induced chilling tolerance of cucumber via regulating photosynthesis and antioxidant system

Vegetable Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 0(0), С. 1 - 15

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Exogenous GA3 Enhances Nitrogen Uptake and Metabolism under Low Nitrate Conditions in ‘Duli’ (Pyrus betulifolia Bunge) Seedlings

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(14), С. 7967 - 7967

Опубликована: Июль 21, 2024

'Duli' (Pyrus betulifolia Bunge) is one of the main rootstocks pear trees in China. Gibberellin (GA) a key plant hormone and roles GA nitrate (NO3-) uptake metabolism plants remain unclear. In this study, we investigated effects exogenous GA3 on N seedlings under NO3- deficiency. The results showed that significantly improves growth On hand, altered root architecture, increased content endogenous hormones (GA3, IAA, ZR), enhanced photosynthesis; other it activities N-metabolizing enzymes accumulation N, expression levels absorption (PbNRT2) genes (PbNR, PbGILE, PbGS, PbGOGAT). However, did not delay degradation chlorophyll. Paclobutrazol had opposite effect growth. Overall, can increase relieve inhibition

Язык: Английский

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