Science skepticism in times of COVID-19

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 24(2), С. 276 - 283

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2021

In the current paper, we argue that to get a better understanding of psychological antecedents COVID-related science skepticism, it is pivotal review what known about (social) psychology skepticism. Recent research highlighting role ideologies and worldviews in shaping skepticism can inform questions as well pandemic responses COVID-19. It likely general COVID-19-related substantially overlap with climate change Additionally, potential vaccine particular will be fueled by similar worries misperceptions those more antivaccination attitudes, which conspiracy thinking particularly worth highlighting. We conclude reflecting on how COVID-19 crisis may shape future social-psychological aimed at trust

Язык: Английский

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Inoculation theory in the post‐truth era: Extant findings and new frontiers for contested science, misinformation, and conspiracy theories

Social and Personality Psychology Compass, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 15(6)

Опубликована: Май 5, 2021

Abstract Although there has been unprecedented attention to inoculation theory in recent years, the potential of this research yet be reached. Inoculation explains how immunity counter‐attitudinal messages is conferred by preemptively exposing people weakened doses challenging information. The applied a number contexts (e.g., politics, health) its 50+ year history. Importantly, one newest for work area contested science, misinformation, and conspiracy theories. Recent revealed that when desirable position on scientific issue climate change) exists, conventional preemptive (prophylactic) can help protect it from even have undesirable positions, “therapeutic” positive effects. We call further explain predict efficacy new context inform better public understandings issues such as change, genetically modified organisms, vaccine hesitancy, other science beliefs theories about COVID‐19.

Язык: Английский

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Why do people believe health misinformation and who is at risk? A systematic review of individual differences in susceptibility to health misinformation

Social Science & Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 314, С. 115398 - 115398

Опубликована: Окт. 21, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Ethical implications of text generation in the age of artificial intelligence

Business Ethics the Environment & Responsibility, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 32(1), С. 201 - 210

Опубликована: Сен. 7, 2022

Abstract We are at a turning point in the debate on ethics of Artificial Intelligence (AI) because we witnessing rise general‐purpose AI text agents such as GPT‐3 that can generate large‐scale highly refined content appears to have been written by human. Yet, discussion ethical issues related blurring roles between humans and machines production business arena is lacking. In this conceptual paper, drawing agenda setting theory stakeholder theory, challenge current aim stimulate studies develop research around three new challenges agents: automated mass manipulation disinformation (i.e., fake problem), massive low‐quality lowest denominator problem) creation growing buffer communication stakeholders mediation problem).

Язык: Английский

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Implications for COVID-19 vaccine uptake: A systematic review

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(3), С. 441 - 466

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2023

Globally, increasing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination coverage remains a major public health concern in the face of high rates COVID-19 hesitancy among general population. We must understand impact determinants vaccine uptake when designing national programmes. aimed to synthesise nationwide evidence regarding infodemics and demographic, psychological, social predictors uptake. systematically searched seven databases between July 2021 March 2022 retrieve relevant articles published since was first reported on 31 December 2019 Wuhan, China. Of 12,502 peer-reviewed retrieved from databases, 57 met selection criteria were included this systematic review. explored before after roll-out by Food Drug Authority (FDA). Increased associated with decreased hesitancy. Concerns about safety, negative side effects, rapid development vaccine, uncertainty effectiveness reluctance be vaccinated. After US FDA approval vaccines, phobia medical procedures such as injection inadequate information vaccines main Addressing safety concerns well providing adequate impacts pandemics, should considered implementation any programme. Reassuring people using alternative needle-free may help further increase

Язык: Английский

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(Why) Is Misinformation a Problem?

Perspectives on Psychological Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 18(6), С. 1436 - 1463

Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2023

In the last decade there has been a proliferation of research on misinformation. One important aspect this work that receives less attention than it should is exactly why misinformation problem. To adequately address question, we must first look to its speculated causes and effects. We examined different disciplines (computer science, economics, history, information journalism, law, media, politics, philosophy, psychology, sociology) investigate The consensus view points advancements in technology (e.g., Internet, social media) as main cause increasing impact misinformation, with variety illustrations critically analyzed both issues. As effects, misbehaviors are not yet reliably demonstrated empirically be outcome misinformation; correlation causation may have hand perception. cause, technologies enable, well reveal, multitudes interactions represent significant deviations from ground truths through people's new way knowing (intersubjectivity). This, argue, illusionary when understood light historical epistemology. Both doubts raise used consider cost established norms liberal democracy come efforts target problem

Язык: Английский

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The efficacy of interventions in reducing belief in conspiracy theories: A systematic review

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 18(4), С. e0280902 - e0280902

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2023

Conspiracy beliefs have become a topic of increasing interest among behavioural researchers. While holding conspiracy has been associated with several detrimental social, personal, and health consequences, little research dedicated to systematically reviewing the methods that could reduce beliefs. We conducted systematic review identify assess interventions sought counter Out 25 studies (total N = 7179), we found while majority were ineffective in terms changing beliefs, particularly effective. Interventions fostered an analytical mindset or taught critical thinking skills be most effective Our findings are important as develop future combat

Язык: Английский

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An Examination of Factors Contributing to the Acceptance of Online Health Misinformation

Frontiers in Psychology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Март 1, 2021

This study examined factors including health-related anxiety, preexisting misinformation beliefs, and repeated exposure contributing to individuals’ acceptance of health misinformation. Through a large-scale online survey, this found that anxiety was positively associated with acceptance. Preexisting as well misinformation, were both The results also showed demographic variables significantly In general, females accepted more compared males. Participants’ age negatively education level income their

Язык: Английский

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How Can Psychological Science Help Counter the Spread of Fake News?

The Spanish Journal of Psychology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 24

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

In recent years, interest in the psychology of fake news has rapidly increased. We outline various interventions within psychological science aimed at countering spread and misinformation online, focusing primarily on corrective (debunking) pre-emptive (prebunking) approaches. also offer a research agenda open questions field that relate to how why spreads best counter it: longevity intervention effectiveness; role sources source credibility; whether sharing is explained by motivated cognition or inattention accounts; complexities developing psychometrically validated instruments measure affect susceptibility individual level.

Язык: Английский

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Social media behavior is associated with vaccine hesitancy

PNAS Nexus, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 1(4)

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2022

Abstract Understanding how vaccine hesitancy relates to online behavior is crucial for addressing current and future disease outbreaks. We combined survey data measuring attitudes toward the COVID-19 with Twitter in two studies (N1 = 464 users, N2 1,600 users) preregistered hypotheses examine real-world social media associated United States (US) Kingdom (UK). In Study 1, we found that following accounts of US Republican politicians or hyper-partisan/low-quality news sites were lower confidence vaccine—even when controlling key demographics such as self-reported political ideology education. right-wing influencers (e.g. Candace Owens, Tucker Carlson) had followers lowest vaccine. Network analysis revealed participants who low high separated into distinct communities (or “echo chambers”), centrality more community was US, but not UK. 2, one's likelihood getting retweeting favoriting low-quality websites on Twitter. Altogether, show following, sharing, interacting information online, well within a conservative-leaning US. These results illustrate potential challenges encouraging uptake polarized environment.

Язык: Английский

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