The Importance of Dietary Antioxidants on Oxidative Stress, Meat and Milk Production, and Their Preservative Aspects in Farm Animals: Antioxidant Action, Animal Health, and Product Quality—Invited Review

Animals, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(23), С. 3279 - 3279

Опубликована: Ноя. 24, 2022

The biological effects of oxidative stress and associated free radicals on farm animal performance, productivity, product quality may be managed via dietary interventions—specifically, the provision feeds, supplements, forages rich in antioxidants. To optimize this approach, it is important first to understand development their contributions tissue systems animals or human body. interactions between prooxidants antioxidants will impact redox homeostasis and, therefore, well-being animals. radical formation oxidation lipids, proteins, DNA, biologically macromolecules likewise meat milk quality, nutritional value, longevity. Dietary antioxidants, endogenous metal-binding proteins contribute ‘antioxidant defenses’ that control within systems. Different bioactive compounds varying antioxidant potential bio-accessibility sourced from tailored feeding Informed successful can help alleviate stress. However, knowledge pertaining animals, unique systems, applications novel specialized forages, compounds, etc., must established. This review summarized current research direct future studies towards more effective controls for formation/oxidative so productivity optimized.

Язык: Английский

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Quantification of methane emitted by ruminants: a review of methods

Journal of Animal Science, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 100(7)

Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2022

The contribution of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ruminant production systems varies between countries and regions within individual countries. appropriate quantification GHG emissions, specifically methane (CH4), has raised questions about the correct reporting inventories and, perhaps more importantly, how best to mitigate CH4 emissions. This review documents existing methods methodologies measure estimate animals manure produced therein over various scales conditions. Measurements have frequently been conducted in research settings using classical developed for bioenergetic purposes, such as exchange techniques (respiration chambers, headboxes). While very precise, these are limited they expensive, labor-intensive, applicable only a few animals. Head-stalls, GreenFeed system, used expired housed alone or groups confinement grazing. technique requires frequent animal visitation diurnal measurement period an adequate number collection days. tracer can be outdoors, there is need ensure low background concentrations. Micrometeorological (e.g., open-path lasers) larger areas many animals, but limitations exist, including extended periods. Measurement depends on type storage, housing, concentration inside outside boundaries area interest, ventilation rate, which likely variable that contributes greatest uncertainty. For large-scale areas, aircraft, drones, satellites association with flux method, inverse modeling, imagery, LiDAR (Light Detection Ranging), lagging validating methods. Bottom-up approaches estimating rely empirical mechanistic modeling quantify sources (enteric manure). In contrast, top-down amount atmosphere spatial temporal models account transportation emitter observation point. two estimation rarely agree, help identify knowledge gaps requirements practice.

Язык: Английский

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Essential Oils as a Dietary Additive for Small Ruminants: A Meta-Analysis on Performance, Rumen Parameters, Serum Metabolites, and Product Quality

Veterinary Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9(9), С. 475 - 475

Опубликована: Сен. 2, 2022

There is an increasing pressure to identify natural feed additives that improve the productivity and health of livestock, without affecting quality derived products. The objective this study was evaluate effects dietary supplementation with essential oils (EOs) on productive performance, rumen parameters, serum metabolites, products (meat milk) from small ruminants by means a meta-analysis. Seventy-four peer-reviewed publications were included in data set. Weighted mean differences (WMD) between EOs treatments control treatment used assess magnitude effect. Dietary inclusion increased (p < 0.05) dry matter intake (WMD = 0.021 kg/d), digestibility 14.11 g/kg DM), daily weight gain 0.008 conversion ratio −0.111). ruminants’ diets decreased ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration −0.310 mg/dL), total protozoa −1.426 × 105/mL), methanogens −0.60 107/mL), enteric methane emissions −3.93 L/d) propionate 0.726 mol/100 mol, p 0.001). urea lower −0.688 mg/dL; 0.009), but catalase 0.204 ng/mL), superoxide dismutase 0.037 antioxidant capacity 0.749 U/mL) higher response supplementation. In meat, cooking loss −0.617 g/100 g), malondialdehyde content −0.029 mg/kg meat), yellowness −0.316), viable bacterial count −0.780 CFU/g meat). milk production 0.113 efficiency 0.039 kg/kg), protein 0.059 lactose 0.100 as well somatic cell counts −0.910 103 cells/mL) conclusion, improves performance meat ruminants. addition, status blood fermentation decrease environmental impact.

Язык: Английский

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A Review of Effect of Saponins on Ruminal Fermentation, Health and Performance of Ruminants

Veterinary Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 10(7), С. 450 - 450

Опубликована: Июль 10, 2023

Saponins are steroid, or triterpene glycoside, compounds found in plants and plant products, mainly legumes. However, some containing saponins toxic. have both positive negative roles animal nutrition. been shown to act as membrane-permeabilizing, immunostimulant, hypocholesterolaemic, defaunating agents the rumen for manipulation of ruminal fermentation. Moreover, it has reported that impair protein digestion gut interact with cholesterol cell membrane, cause rupture selective protozoa elimination, thus improving N-use efficiency resulting a probable increase ruminant performance.

Язык: Английский

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Smart chemistry and applied perceptions of enzyme-coupled nano-engineered assemblies to meet future biocatalytic challenges

Coordination Chemistry Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 493, С. 215329 - 215329

Опубликована: Июль 9, 2023

Язык: Английский

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More than a meat- or synthetic nitrogen fertiliser-substitute: a review of legume phytochemicals as drivers of ‘One Health’ via their influence on the functional diversity of soil- and gut-microbes

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2024

Legumes are essential to healthy agroecosystems, with a rich phytochemical content that impacts overall human and animal well-being environmental sustainability. While these phytochemicals can have both positive negative effects, legumes traditionally been bred produce genotypes lower levels of certain plant phytochemicals, specifically those commonly termed as ‘antifeedants’ including phenolic compounds, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs). However, when incorporated into balanced diet, such legume offer health benefits for humans animals. They positively influence the gut microbiome by promoting growth beneficial bacteria, contributing health, demonstrating anti-inflammatory antioxidant properties. Beyond their nutritional value, also play vital role in soil health. The containing residues from shoots roots usually remain in-field affect nutrient status diversity, so enhancing functions benefiting performance yield following crops. This review explores ‘one health’ perspective, examining on soil- gut-microbial ecology, bridging gap between nutrition agroecological science.

Язык: Английский

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Effects of Dietary Tannins’ Supplementation on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation, and Enteric Methane Emissions in Beef Cattle: A Meta-Analysis

Sustainability, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(13), С. 7410 - 7410

Опубликована: Июль 2, 2021

The environmental sustainability of beef production is a significant concern within the food system. Tannins (TANs) can be used to minimize impact ruminant because they improve ruminal fermentation and ruminants’ lifetime performances mitigate methane (CH4) emissions. objective this study was evaluate effects dietary supplementation with TANs as sustainable natural alternative reduce on growth performance, rumen fermentation, enteric CH4 emissions, nitrogen (N) use efficiency cattle through meta-analysis. A comprehensive search studies published in scientific journals that investigated TANs’ variables interest performed using Scopus, Web Science, PubMed databases. data analyzed were extracted from 32 peer-reviewed publications. assessed random-effects statistical models examine standardized mean difference (SMD) between treatments control (non-TANs). heterogeneity explored by meta-regression subgroup analysis for covariates significant. did not affect weight gain, feed consumption, efficiency, or N (p > 0.05). However, it reduced concentration ammonia (SMD = −0.508, p < 0.001), emissions per day −0.474, 0.01) unit dry matter intake −0.408, 0.01), urinary excretion −0.338, 0.05), digestibility −0.589, 0.001). Ruminal propionate 0.250) butyrate 0.198) concentrations fecal 0.860) improved response In conclusion, possible mitigation strategy without affecting rate. addition, shift may beneficial environment preservation, induces more harmful than N. Therefore, addition tannins diet could production.

Язык: Английский

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Essential Oils as In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation Manipulators to Mitigate Methane Emission by Beef Cattle Grazing Tropical Grasses

Molecules, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 27(7), С. 2227 - 2227

Опубликована: Март 29, 2022

There is increasing pressure to identify natural feed additives mitigate methane emissions from livestock systems. Our objective was investigate the effects of essential oils (EO) extracts star anise (

Язык: Английский

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Antiparasitic Tannin-Rich Plants from the South of Europe for Grazing Livestock: A Review

Animals, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(2), С. 201 - 201

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2023

Internal parasites are one of the main causes health threats in livestock production, especially extensive farming. Despite environmental toxic effects (loss dung beetles, biodiversity, and other issues) resistance phenomenon derived from their prolonged use, anti-parasitic chemical pharmaceuticals frequently used, even organic Such a situation within context climate change requires urgent exploration alternative compounds to solve these problems apparent conflicts between farming objectives regarding environment, public health, animal health. This review is focused on some plants (Artemisia spp., Cichorium intybus L., Ericaceae family, Hedysarum coronarium Lotus Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) that well known for antiparasitic effect, voluntarily grazed ingested, can be spontaneously found or cultivated southern Europe regions with Mediterranean climate. The differences effectiveness, parasite species affected, vitro/in vivo experiments, active explored. A total 87 papers where activity those have been studied included this review; 75% effect ruminant parasites, gastrointestinal nematodes were group most (70%), natural (31%) experimental (37%) infections.

Язык: Английский

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Current state of enteric methane and the carbon footprint of beef and dairy cattle in the United States

Animal Frontiers, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(4), С. 57 - 68

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2021

Язык: Английский

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