The Challenge of Global Warming in Water Buffalo Farming: Physiological and Behavioral Aspects and Strategies to Face Heat Stress

Animals, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(19), С. 3103 - 3103

Опубликована: Окт. 5, 2023

Water buffaloes have morphological and behavioral characteristics for efficient thermoregulation. However, their health, welfare, productive performance can be affected by GW. The objective of this review was to analyze the adverse effects GW on behavior health water buffaloes. physiological, morphological, species were discussed understand impact climate change extreme meteorological events buffaloes’ In addition, management strategies in buffalo farms, as well use infrared thermography a method recognize heat stress buffaloes, addressed. We concluded that causes energy mobilization restore animal homeostasis. Preventing hyperthermia limits endocrine, changes so they return thermoneutrality. fans, sprinklers, foggers, natural sources are appropriate additions current facilities, could used monitor thermal states

Язык: Английский

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The Impact of Heat Stress on the Physiological, Productive, and Reproductive Status of Dairy Cows

Agriculture, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(8), С. 1241 - 1241

Опубликована: Июль 27, 2024

Climate change is a global problem with an important influence on farm animals, so the entire veterinary medical industry working to combat effects of heat stress. In recent years, warming has been correlated physiological changes in adaptation that lead decrease milk production and quality. We have chosen study these mechanisms are based hormonal imbalances (LH, TSH, prolactin) general (apathy lack appetite).

Язык: Английский

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Quantitative Associations between Season, Month, and Temperature-Humidity Index with Milk Yield, Composition, Somatic Cell Counts, and Microbial Load: A Comprehensive Study across Ten Dairy Farms over an Annual Cycle

Animals, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(20), С. 3205 - 3205

Опубликована: Окт. 13, 2023

This current study addresses the knowledge gap regarding influence of seasons, months, and THI on milk yield, composition, somatic cell counts (SCC), total bacterial (TBC) dairy farms in northeastern regions Iran. For this purpose, ten herds were randomly chosen, daily production records obtained. Milk samples systematically collected from individual upon delivery to processing facility for subsequent analysis, including fat, protein, solids-not-fat (SNF), pH, SCC, TBC. The effects TBC assessed using an analysis variance. To account these effects, a mixed-effects model was utilized with restricted maximum likelihood approach, treating month as fixed factors. Our investigation revealed noteworthy correlations between key parameters seasonal, monthly, variations. Winter showed highest SNF, pH (p < 0.01), whereas both SCC reached their lowest values winter 0.01). recorded January while protein SNF levels observed March December marked Across spectrum, spanning −3.6 37.7, distinct trends evident. Quadratic regression models accounted 34.59%, 21.33%, 4.78%, 20.22%, 1.34%, 15.42%, 13.16% variance TBC, respectively. In conclusion, our findings underscore significant impact production, offering valuable insights management strategies. face persistent challenges posed by climate change, results provide crucial guidance enhancing efficiency upholding quality standards.

Язык: Английский

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Thermographic Profiles in Livestock Systems under Full Sun and Shaded Pastures during an Extreme Climate Event in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil: El Niño of 2023

Animals, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(6), С. 855 - 855

Опубликована: Март 11, 2024

The El Niño represents a substantial threat to pastures, affecting the availability of water, forage and compromising sustainability grazing areas, especially in northern region Brazil. Therefore, objective this study was characterize thermographic profile three production systems Eastern Amazon, conducted on rural cattle farm Mojuí dos Campos, Pará, Brazil, between August November 2023. experiment involved livestock systems, including traditional, silvopastoral integrated, with different conditions shade access bathing area. An infrared (IRT) camera used, recording temperatures zones, such as areas trees, pastures exposed pastures. highest mean (p = 0.02) were observed full sun from November. On other hand, lowest average recorded shaded by chestnut trees (Bertholletia excelsa). temperature ranges found sunny areas. pasture sun, while < 0.0001). interaction treatments revealed significant differences 0.0001), native showing an 35.9 °C, lower than grasses soil, which reached 61.2 °C. This research concludes that, under Brazil nut had temperatures, demonstrating effectiveness shade. Native compared showed ability create cooler environments, highlighting positive influence species sheep, goats cattle.

Язык: Английский

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The effect of first-lactation calving season, milk production, and morphology on the survival of Simmental cows

animal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18(4), С. 101128 - 101128

Опубликована: Март 12, 2024

Longevity in dairy and dual-purpose cattle is a complex trait which depends on many individual managerial factors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate survival (SURV) rate Italian Simmental cows across different parities. Data this referred 2 173 primiparous under official milk recording that calved between 2002 2020. Only linearly classified for type traits, including muscularity (MU) body condition score (BCS) were kept. Survival analysis carried out, through Cox regression model, pairwise combinations classes productivity MU, BCS, first-calving season. Herd-year first calving also considered model. SURV (0 = culled; 1 survived) at each lactation up 6th dependent variables, so that, example, SURV2 equal attributed survived entered second. rates 98, 71, 63, 56, 53% 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, lactation, respectively. However, it important consider all culled before linear evaluation - out mid late breed not accounted for. Results revealed yield, while subsequent parities low-producing characterized by higher compared high-producing ones. Additionally, starting autumn less (47.38%) than those spring (53.49%). This suggests facing gestation phase summer could increase culling risk. indicates influenced various factors addition productivity. Overall, finding can be particular interest breed, as cows' conformation muscle development are highly aspects farmers undertaking decisions.

Язык: Английский

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The impacts of thermal stress on dairy cattle physiology, metabolism, health, and performance: a comprehensive review

Annals of Animal Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2025

Abstract Climate change is becoming a global issue, with important implications for dairy cow performance and well-being. It distinguished by gradual rise in universal temperature the risk of extreme weather occurrences. Studies have shown that heat stress (HS) impacts many biological processes can significant economic issues. Due to their elevated metabolic rate, cows are mostly liable HS, which negatively affects immune function, particularly cell-mediated response, subsequent reduced production inferior immunity, leads susceptibility disease, increased incidence intramammary infections, an somatic cell count, as well calf mortality, during summer season. Furthermore, dry subjected HS had immunoglobulin levels after vaccination, although this impact fades cooling parturition. On other hand, while demonstrate carryover on innate arm immunity early lactation, resulting losses. Heat mitigation technologies cost-effective necessary sustaining milk farm’s profitability. check present measures required understand better identify acceptable abatement plans future management.

Язык: Английский

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Le stress thermique environnemental dans l’espèce bovine : 3. Effets sur la reproduction

Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 78, С. 1 - 15

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2025

Contexte : L’augmentation régulière depuis plusieurs décennies de la température environnementale s’est accompagnée dans l’espèce bovine, notamment d’une diminution fertilité différentes régions du monde. Objectifs Cette revue littérature passe en les divers effets et leurs mécanismes sur aspects reproduction mâle femelle bovine. Méthode À partir base PubMed, cette concentrée un premier temps articles synthèse puis a été complétée par références des identifiés. Résultats La résulte stress thermique croissance folliculaire ovarienne, avec une incidence plus marquée follicules pré-antraux que antraux, l’ovocyte le corps jaune. Ces sont conséquence réduction d’oestradiol, progestérone, l’inhibine l’hormone lutéotrope (LH) ainsi l’augmentation celle folliculostimulante (FSH), modification gradients au niveau système génital n’étant pas non à exclure. Le est également responsable augmentation fréquence mortalité embryonnaire particulièrement durant première semaine gestation. L’exposition vaches gestation raccourcit durée, affecte placenta, modifie métabolisme vache lors sa lactation, altère son immunité exerce négatifs pondérale, développement mammaire folliculaire, longévité performances veau. Chez mâle, se traduit motilité anomalies morphologiques spermatozoïdes. Conclusions reconnaissance croissante reproductives bovins souligne nécessité pour responsables santé animale intégrer approches. Il essentiel mettre place stratégies visant atténuer impacts rentabilité élevages, d’autant influence épigénétique descendance mieux documentée.

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Global projections of heat stress at high temporal resolution using machine learning

Earth system science data, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(3), С. 1153 - 1171

Опубликована: Март 19, 2025

Abstract. Climate change poses a significant threat to agriculture, with potential impacts on food security, economic stability, and human livelihoods. Dairy cattle, crucial component of the livestock sector, are particularly vulnerable heat stress, which can adversely affect milk production, immune function, feed intake and, in extreme cases, lead mortality. The Temperature Humidity Index (THI) is widely used metric quantify combined effects temperature humidity cattle. However, THI was previously estimated using daily-level data, do not capture daily thermal load cumulative especially during nights when cooling inadequate. To address this limitation, we developed machine learning approach temporally downscale climate data hourly values. Utilizing historical ERA5 reanalysis trained an XGBoost model generated datasets for 12 NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 models under two emission scenarios (SSP2-4.5 SSP5-8.5) extending end century. These high-resolution provide accurate quantification stress dairy enabling improved predictions management strategies mitigate vital agricultural sector. dataset created study publicly available at https://doi.org/10.26050/WDCC/THI (Georgiades, 2024b).

Язык: Английский

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Endocrine Parameters and Climate Change

Endocrines, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 6(1), С. 5 - 5

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2025

The endocrine system relies on complex cell signaling and epigenetic processes to adjust the body’s needs. However, stressors such as climate change heat can disrupt system. This study aims collect systematically review evidence from publications exploring how impacts laboratory parameters. process included developing research questions, defining inclusion exclusion criteria, conducting database searches, screening selecting relevant publications, collecting analyzing data, interpreting findings, drawing conclusions. identified multiple parameters linked mechanisms by which various function. Climate change, especially stress, affects production levels of key hormones. underlying disruption hormones are also explored in this paper. provides a clear overview influences outlines stress-triggered disruption.

Язык: Английский

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Regional heat stress maps for grazing dairy cows in New Zealand under climate change

Animal Production Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 65(4)

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025

Context For dairy cows housed indoors, ambient temperature and relative humidity are key drivers of heat stress, whereas for kept outdoors, solar radiation wind speed also important. Solar directly increases the load on cows, affects their ability to dissipate through convection evaporation. Aim We aimed determine whether climate-driven changes in these variables affect stress risk where outdoors during summer shoulder seasons, particularly pasture-based farming systems such as New Zealand. Understanding outdoor-specific factors is crucial accurately assessing mitigating grazing cattle, because management needs differ substantially from those systems. Methods Using daily climate projection data 2006 2098, peak values temperature–humidity index (THI) Thom heat-load (GHLI) Bryant were calculated used map predicted both annual (June–May) number days with accumulated exposure (the sum effective degrees Celsius above threshold) production regions Key results The illustrated limitations using THI context outdoor use, shown be more important than humidity. GHLI that already high Waikato (69 days), Bay Plenty days) Canterbury (80 2020s. was notable having within day compared other (i.e. intense), attributable combined effect air temperatures, low speeds. Conclusions According projections, experiencing numbers 2020s will experience greatest 2050s. However, dramatic not anticipated. Implications This allows research development focus mitigation practices must adapt a changing climate. Mitigation strategies may include provision shade, access sprinklers, genetic selection resilience, modifying feeding regimes reduce load, or new solutions technologies.

Язык: Английский

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