Socioeconomic disparities and concentration of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in the province of Quebec, Canada

BMC Public Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 6, 2023

Abstract Background Recent studies suggest that the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection may be greater in more densely populated areas and cities with a higher proportion persons who are poor, immigrant, or essential workers. This study examines spatial inequalities exposure health region province Quebec Canada. Methods The was conducted on 1206 Canadian census dissemination Capitale-Nationale Quebec. observation period 21 months (March 2020 to November 2021). number cases reported daily each area identified from available administrative databases. magnitude estimated using Gini Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) indices. association between transmission socioeconomic deprivation based concentration socially disadvantaged nonparametric regressions relating cumulative incidence rate by ecological indicators disadvantage. Quantification median family income degree supplemented an ordered probit multiple regression model. Results Spatial disparities were elevated (Gini = 0.265; 95% CI [0.251, 0.279]). spread limited less City agglomeration outlying municipalities. mean subsample made up most exposed pandemic 0.093. epidemic concentrated areas, especially areas. Socioeconomic inequality appeared early increased successive wave. models showed economically populations three times likely among at highest for COVID-19 (RR 3.55; [2.02, 5.08]). In contrast, population (fifth quintile) two 0.52; [0.32, 0.72]). Conclusion As H1N1 pandemics 1918 2009, revealed social vulnerabilities. Further research is needed explore various manifestations relation pandemic.

Язык: Английский

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Nationwide population-based infection- and vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Germany at the end of 2021

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2023

Summary Background The first wave of the Corona Monitoring Nationwide (RKI-SOEP) Study drawn from German Socio-Economic Panel proved a low pre-vaccine SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in adult population 2.1%. Methods In this second study (RKI-SOEP-2, November 2021-March 2022), we used combined serological and self-reported data on infection vaccination to estimate prevalence SARS-CoV-2-specific anti-spike and/or anti-nucleocapsid IgG antibodies (combined seroprevalence), past infection, basic immunization individuals aged 14+. Findings Combined was 90.7% (95% CI 89.7% - 91.6%) without correction for antibody waning 94.6% 93.6% 95.7%) with correction. While 1 10 had been infected (9.9%, 95% 9.0% 10.9%), 9 at least (90%, 88.9%-90.9%). Population-weighted estimates differed by age, region, socioeconomic deprivation. Infection-induced 1.55 1.3 1.8) times higher than cumulative proportion based national surveillance data. Interpretation At beginning SARS-CoV-2-Omicron wave, vast majority vaccinated, infected, or both. Our results show how large-scale vaccination, but not high rate, able fill immunity gap, especially older (aged 65+) who are known be risk severe COVID-19. point towards targeted demographically regionally stratified mitigation strategy, optimize future pandemic efforts.

Язык: Английский

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The Covid-19 pandemic as an accelerator of economic worries and labor-related mental health polarization in Germany? A longitudinal interacted mediation analysis with a difference-in-difference comparison

SSM - Population Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 23, С. 101469 - 101469

Опубликована: Июль 18, 2023

Labor-related mental health polarization refers to exposure low-paid employment and unemployment decreasing health. Previous research identified economic worries as a key mediator. Against this background, the Covid-19 pandemic is often assumed have accelerated already existing processes affected vulnerable populations most. Our study sought investigate whether mediation by between type health.Using German Socioeconomic Panel (GSOEP) from 2016 onwards, we created pre-Covid-19 sample (N = 8266) per-Covid-19 7294), with each having t0 wave (2016/2018) t1 (2018/2020). We applied mediational g-formula for longitudinal exposure-mediator (XM) interaction (X) (M). decomposed total effect into direct, indirect, interacted of on provided difference-in-difference comparison effects.During pandemic, increased, decreased. However, reduced approx. 18.0% (e.g., 35.0% 28.9%). A decreased indirect caused reduction in mediation, while direct remained rather stable. also found stark gender differences towards males higher but lower mediated during pandemic.Our results highlight that mediators competing must emerged pandemic. Such could be risk infection at workplace, possibility remote work, gender-specific mediators. first extend approach. It can used blueprint researchers interested evaluating impact events, such preexisting processes.

Язык: Английский

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Socioeconomic differences in the reduction of face-to-face contacts in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany

BMC Public Health, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 23, 2022

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to physical distancing measures control the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Evidence on contact dynamics in different socioeconomic groups is still sparse. This study aimed investigate association status with private and professional reductions first wave Germany. Methods Data from two especially affected municipalities were derived population-based cross-sectional seroepidemiological CORONA-MONITORING lokal (data collection May–July 2020). sample ( n = 3,637) was restricted working age (18–67 years). We calculated educational occupational (low, medium, high) self-reported respect former levels pandemic. Multivariate Poisson regressions performed estimate prevalence ratios (PR) adjusted for municipality, age, gender, country birth, household size, before measures, own infection status, SARS-CoV-2 infected people remotely. Results analyses showed significant differences initial level contacts by status. Less lower (PR low vs. high 0,79 [CI 0.68–0.91], p 0.002; PR medium 0,93 0.89–0.97], 0.001) less 0,87 0.70–1.07], 0.179; 0,89 0.83–0.95], 0,62 0.55–0.71], < 0.001; 0,82 0.77–0.88], observed. Conclusions Our results indicate disadvantages may be associated higher risk among individuals groups. Preventive that a) adequately explain importance restrictions varying living conditions b) facilitate implementation these setting seem necessary better protect structurally disadvantaged during epidemics.

Язык: Английский

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Socioeconomic Inequalities in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Health Outcomes in Urban Italy During the COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout, January–November 2021

Journal of Urban Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 101(2), С. 289 - 299

Опубликована: Март 18, 2024

Abstract This study analysed the evolution of association socioeconomic deprivation (SED) with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 outcomes in urban Italy during vaccine rollout 2021. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis between January November 2021, comprising 16,044,530 individuals aged ≥ 20 years, by linking national surveillance system data to Italian SED index calculated at census block level. estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) severe tercile relative least deprived tercile, over three periods defined as low (0–10%); intermediate (> 10–60%) high 60–74%) vaccination coverage. found patterns increasing inequalities infection, hospitalisation death coverage increased. Between periods, IRRs for most areas increased from 1.09 (95%CI 1.03–1.15) 1.28 1.21–1.37) infection; 1.48 1.36–1.61) 2.02 1.82–2.25) 1.57 1.36–1.80) 1.89 1.53–2.34) death. Deprived populations should be considered vulnerable groups future pandemic preparedness plans respond particular mass roll out phases gradual lifting social distancing measures.

Язык: Английский

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Aspectos metodológicos e resultados da linha de base do monitoramento da saúde de adultos e idosos infectados por Sars-Cov-2 (Sulcovid-19)

Revista Contexto & Saúde, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 24(48), С. e14140 - e14140

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2024

OBJETIVO: descrever a metodologia e amostra utilizada no estudo além da prevalência dos sintomas fase aguda infecção de acordo com variáveis socioeconômicas. MÉTODOS: transversal realizado em Rio Grande indivíduos infectados pela SARS-Cov-2 período dezembro 2020 março 2021. Foram investigados 19 presentes durante analisados, separado categorias “0-4”, “5-9” “10 ou mais”, sexo, idade classe econômica. RESULTADOS: 2.919 pessoas fizeram parte amostra. Os mais prevalentes foram fadiga (73,7%), dor cabeça (67,2%), perda paladar (65,9%), olfato (63,9%) dores musculares (62,3%). Com relação ocorrência estratificado por todos os sintomas, exceto tosse produtiva, estatisticamente maiores sexo feminino. Referente à idade, verificou-se que cabeça, dor/desconforto para respirar, paladar, olfato, fadiga, garganta, congestão nasal, diarreia, articulares entre adultos (18-59 anos). Quanto econômica, falta ar, alteração sensibilidade apresentaram aumento linear conforme redução CONCLUSÃO: resultados deste permitiram identificar frequentes na doença COVID-19 sua distribuição nos grupos, fornecendo dados implementação políticas públicas pelos gestores respaldo profissionais saúde assistência essa população.

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The care of non-institutionalized ADL-dependent people in the Orcasitas neighborhood of Madrid (Spain) during the Covid-19 pandemic and its relationship with social inequalities, intergenerational dependency and survival

Frontiers in Public Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12

Опубликована: Сен. 25, 2024

Background Mortality among people with dependency to perform basic activities of daily living (ADL) is higher than that non-dependent the same age. Understanding evolutionary course and factors involved in non-institutionalized ADL dependency, including influence family structure supports this population, would contribute improved health planning. Methods A longitudinal study carried out ADL-dependent population Orcasitas neighborhood, Madrid (Spain), between June 2020, when nationwide COVID-19 lockdown ended, 2023. total 127 patients participated study, 78.7% whom were women 21.3% men. Risk analysis was performed via odds ratios (OR) hazard (HR). Survival using Cox regression. Results 54.33% persons did not live their adult children 45.67% did, being associated independently economic capacity married marital status but level. In women, increased probability (OR = 12.632; 95% CI 3.312–48.178). Loss mobility 0.398; 0.186–0.853), dependent (HR 0.596; 0.459–0.774), having better 0.471; 0.234–0.935) 3-year survival. Those who lived had a worse autonomy profile mortality 1.473; 1.072–2.024). Not employed, married, owning home significantly an essential caregiver. Caregivers mostly 1.794; 1.011–3.182). Conclusion Among persons, influenced ability affected survival after 3 years. (wheelchair use) predictor mortality. Social inequalities promote end up as caregivers. This generates reverse maintains vulnerability transmitted from generation generation, perpetuating social gender inequalities. Dependent parent care cohort maintained archaic pattern which eldest daughter cared for her parents. made it possible show dependence accompanied by complex interrelationships must be considered socio-health

Язык: Английский

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Why did COVID-19 affect some cities more than others? Insights from Brazil before vaccination

Regional Science Policy & Practice, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(12), С. 100138 - 100138

Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Authors' response: Occupation and SARS-CoV-2 infection risk among workers during the first pandemic wave in Germany: potential for bias

Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 48(7), С. 588 - 590

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2022

We thank van Tongeren et al for responding to our study on occupational disparities in SARS-CoV-2 infection risks during the first pandemic wave Germany (1). The authors address potential bias resulting from differential testing between groups and propose an alternative analytical strategy dealing with selective testing. In following, we want discuss two aspects of this issue, namely (i) extent reasons cohort (ii) advantages disadvantages different approaches risk factors infection. Our relied nationwide prospective data including more than 100 000 workers order compare incidence infections occupations status positions. found elevated personal services business administration, essential (including health care) among people higher positions (ie, managers highly skilled workers) (2). Van Tongeren's main concern is that correlations could be affected by a systematic because healthcare professions get tested often employees other professions. A second argument better-off likely use as they are less direct costs (prices testing) economic hardship associated positive test result (eg, loss earnings event sick leave). share authors' view must considered when analysing interpreting data. Thus, study, examined proportion tests conducted each group part sensitivity analyses (see supplementary figure S1, accessible at www.sjweh.fi/article/4037). As expected, proportions were exceptionally high medical (due employer requirements). However, did not observe differences non-medical or categorising skill-level managerial responsibility. This might explained several reasons. First, was free charge Germany, but reporting contact having symptoms necessary condition ( https://www.bundesgesundheitsministerium.de/coronavirus/chronik-coronavirus.html (accessed 5 September 2022). newspaper article cited misleading it refers calendar date after period. Second, motivation due case unlikely explanation, has universal system, paid leave sickness benefits all (3). Self-employed carry greater financial sickness. therefore included self-employment multivariable source bias. While observed inverse social gradient may surprising, actually matches findings ecological studies (4, 5), United States (6, 7) well Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Netherlands, Israel, Hong Kong (8), which rates wealthier neighbourhoods initial outbreak phase pandemic. One possible explanation mobility better educated workers, who participate meetings engage travel holiday trips like skiing. Given increasing number providing evidence hypothesis, conclude reflects exposure probabilities also holds true corroborated large body research (9–11). Regarding likelihood testing, state "[i]t relatively simple problem using test-negative design" describe, case–control approach only individuals (without considering those tested). proposed can lead another (more serious) selection if and/or criteria differ (12). easily illustrated comparing results based time-incidence design obtained shown table 1 PDF). Both show similar terms vertical differences. Infection common had skill level position, associations stronger reach statistical significance (as indicated confidence intervals overlapping "1"). Unfortunately, relies strongly reduced sample size thus uncertainty power (13). contrast, yields picture estimating association occupation risk: analysis, non-essential their chance being infected (the even exhibits lower workers). rather counter-intuitive accordance what know about hazards (14). unreliable groups. without symptomatic requirements), does necessarily correspond Consequently, convinced should 'gold standard' studying (15). Especially problematic (increasing probability type II error) low validity test-positivity References 1. M, Rhodes S, Pearce N. Occupation Germany: Scand J Work Environ Health 2022;48(7):586-587. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.4052. 2. Reuter Rigó Formazin Liebers F, Latza U, Castell al. 108 960 Germany. 2022;48:446–56. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.4037. 3. Busse R, Blümel Knieps Bärnighausen T. Statutory insurance system shaped 135 years solidarity, self-governance, competition. Lancet 2017;390:882–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31280-1. 4. Wachtler B, Michalski N, Nowossadeck E, Diercke Wahrendorf Santos-Hövener C, Socioeconomic inequalities – First analysis surveillance Heal Monit 2020;5:18–29. https://doi.org/10.25646/7057. 5. Plümper T, Neumayer E. predominantly hits poor neighbourhoods? COVID-19 fatalities German districts. Eur Public 2020;30:1176–80. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa168. 6. Abedi V, Olulana O, Avula Chaudhary D, Khan A, Shahjouei Racial, Economic, Inequality States. Racial Ethn Disparities 2021;8:732–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-020-00833-4. 7. Mukherji Social Economic Factors Underlying Incidence Cases Deaths US Counties During Initial Outbreak Phase. Rev Reg Stud 2022;52. https://doi.org/10.52324/001c.35255. 8. Beese Waldhauer J, Wollgast L, Pförtner Haller Temporal Dynamics Inequalities Outcomes Over Course Pandemic—A Scoping Review. Int 2022;67:1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2022.1605128. 9. Nguyen LH, Drew DA, Graham MS, Joshi AD, Guo C-G, Ma W, Risk front-line health-care general community: study. 2020;5:e475–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30164-X. 10. Chou Dana Buckley DI, Selph Fu Totten AM. Epidemiology Coronavirus Care Workers. Ann Intern Med 2020;173:120–36. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-1632. 11. Stringhini Zaballa M-E, Pullen de Mestral Perez-Saez Dumont Large variation anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence Geneva, Switzerland. Nat Commun 2021;12:3455. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23796-4. 12. Accorsi EK, Qiu X, Rumpler Kennedy-Shaffer Kahn K, How detect reduce sources biases COVID-19. Epidemiol 2021;36:179–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-021-00727-7. 13. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis Behavioral Sciences. 2nd Editio. New York: Routledge; 2013. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587. 14. Lancet. plight 2020;395:1587. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31200-9. 15. Vandenbroucke JP, Brickley EB, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CMJE. Evolving Usefulness Test-negative Design Studying 2022;33:e7–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000001438.

Язык: Английский

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Assessing readiness for childhood obesity prevention in German municipalities: application of the community readiness model

Health Promotion International, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 38(6)

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2023

Abstract The World Health Organization has identified childhood obesity as one of the most serious public health problems 21st century. Understanding a municipality’s readiness to address it is crucial achieve successful interventions. However, preparedness German municipalities not yet been investigated. This study first in Germany apply community model (CRM) this context. purpose was determine five for prevention and identify factors that influence their readiness. Therefore, 27 semi-structured key informant interviews were conducted. First, analysed following CRM protocol categorize into level between nine. In second step, content analysis carried out an in-depth interpretation scores. achieved average 3.84, corresponding ‘Vague Awareness’ stage. A lack prioritization leadership support, insufficient low-threshold efforts, knowledge problem awareness well structures resources can municipal prevent obesity. only extends application but also offers practical implications professionals assessing

Язык: Английский

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