A walk towards Wild grasses to unlock the clandestine of gene pools for wheat improvement: A review

Plant Stress, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 3, С. 100048 - 100048

Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2021

Climate change has been regarded as an indication of biodiversity loss over the past three decades, and it posed a threat to agriculture around world. Under this situation, over-exploitation selection for specific features have resulted in reduction genetic diversity, particularly cultivated cereals. In primary secondary gene pools wheat, no new insights or possibilities left, expected. approach, plant breeders may be able generate wheat climate-resilient cultivars by utilizing diversity essential genes found grasses from tertiary pool. The major indicator sourcing is adaptation grasses. Grasses acclimatization sources novel abiotic tolerance which help them withstand tropical temperate environments. Wild hold significant position ploidy level also can maintain flexibility gives insight widen genomic architecture cultivars. present article, information on domestication pool, involvement wild relatives summarised. Additionally, paper highlights negative effect introgression during successful alien trait transfer.

Язык: Английский

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Stripe rust resistance gene Yr15 in Turkish and Kazakhstan wheat germplasms and the potential of Turkish wild emmer for stripe rust breeding

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 71(6), С. 2699 - 2719

Опубликована: Ноя. 24, 2023

Язык: Английский

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The mutation atlas of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera): a mutation database resource for natural knockouts

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2025

Giant kelp ( Macrocystis pyrifera ) is a paramount species of immense ecological and economic importance. It forms dense underwater forests, providing crucial habitat serving as foundation for diverse marine ecosystems. Understanding the genetics giant essential conservation sustainable farming, safeguarding these valuable ecosystems their benefits. By analyzing mutations based on impact, we can gain insights into potential functional consequences implications organism, helping to identify critical genes or regions that may play significant role in adaptation, development, environmental response. To achieve this, annotated effects impact spontaneous 559 individuals from four different populations. We found over 15.9 million kelp, classified them modifier, low, moderate, high depending predicted effects. The creation this mutation effect database, attached seedbank individuals, offers several applications, including enhancing breeding programs, aiding genetic engineering with naturally occurring mutations, developing strategies mitigate changes.

Язык: Английский

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Revealing molecular variability and population structure analysis in Iranian wheat germplasm using CAAT-box derived polymorphism (CBDP) markers

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Progress in Sorghum Improvement for Early Maturity, Harvest Index, and Water‐Use Efficiency: Proxy Traits for Integrative Drought Tolerance Breeding

Food and Energy Security, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(3)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Drought associated with climate change has increasingly endangered the sustainability and potential of agriculture, notably crop production. Therefore, there is a need to develop adaptive resilient varieties for sustainable production food systems. Sorghum [ bicolor (L.) Moench] vital in drought‐prone areas, supporting livelihoods over 750 million people globally. grain yield low arid semi‐arid regions, mean 0.9 t/ha compared global average 2.5 due lack improved tolerant recurrent drought heat biotic constraints desirable product profiles. Integrative breeding early maturity, high harvest index, water use efficiency (WUE) an economical strategy improve sorghum productivity mitigate effects. These are crucial proxy traits that can guide improvement tolerance, but current information regarding their simultaneous selection progress sparse scattered; hence, review aims address this gap. The paper highlights innovations advances towards WUE. first section examines impact on production, integrative pre‐breeding sorghum, opportunities early‐maturing, high‐yielding, water‐use‐efficient varieties, genetic gains. Further, it outlines challenges available methods developing climate‐smart, drought‐tolerant varieties. presented agronomists breeders deploying new‐generation adapted regions.

Язык: Английский

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Heritage genetics for adaptation to marginal soils in barley

Trends in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 28(5), С. 544 - 551

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2023

Future crops need to be sustainable in the face of climate change. Modern barley varieties have been bred for high productivity and quality; however, they suffered considerable genetic erosion, losing crucial diversity. This renders modern cultivars vulnerable change stressful environments. We highlight potential tailor a specific environment by utilising diversity inherent an adapted landrace population. Tapping into natural biodiversity, while incorporating information about local environmental climatic conditions, allows targeting key traits genotypes, enabling crop production marginal soils. outline future directions utilisation resources maintained collections support agriculture through germplasm development via use genomics technologies big data.

Язык: Английский

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A Perennial Green Revolution to address 21st‐century food insecurity and malnutrition

Food and Energy Security, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(4)

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024

Abstract Farming practices of the past century have dramatically increased annual crop yields to unprecedented levels but consequentially created increasing ecological and public health concerns, posing a long‐term threat global food security. Soil tillage chemical inputs perpetuate soil erosion, biodiversity loss, wetlands eutrophication, carbon emissions, other farming stressors. Concomitantly, accompanying poor dietary patterns malnutrition increase risk for chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular obesity, type 2 diabetes, cancer, which account greater than 70% mortality per annum. Altogether, monocropping systems exacerbate insecurity, necessitating action across fields health, agriculture, nutrition, medicine, environmental ecology, that is, transdisciplinary approach. Herein, we argue perennialization crops creates an opportunity address challenges sustainability nutritional adequacy economically. Unlike annuals, perennial deeper roots drought tolerance reduced needs fertilization irrigation. Adopting perenniality can result in improved while reducing labor, seed purchasing. Furthermore, perennializing novel staple may offer superior diverse profile phytochemicals, fiber, macronutrients compared conventional annuals. Instead traditional tree crops, focus on intermediate wheatgrass Kernza® ( Thinopyrum intermedium ) sunflowers Helianthus tuberosus , H . maximiliani Silphium integrifolium exemplars grain oil, respectively, at different stages commercialization. Ultimately, discuss how integrating has potential revolutionize agriculture security concerns remainder 21st century.

Язык: Английский

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The Keys to Controlling Wheat Rusts: Identification and Deployment of Genetic Resistance

Phytopathology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 113(4), С. 667 - 677

Опубликована: Март 10, 2023

Rust diseases are among the major constraints for wheat production worldwide due to emergence and spread of highly destructive races Puccinia. The most common approach minimize yield losses rust is use cultivars that genetically resistant. Modern cultivars, landraces, wild relatives can contain undiscovered resistance genes, which typically encode kinase or nucleotide-binding site leucine rich repeat (NLR) domain containing receptor proteins. Recent research has shown these genes provide either in all growth stages (all-stage resistance; ASR) specially later (adult-plant APR). ASR pathogen race-specific, meaning function against selected Puccinia fungus necessity recognize specific avirulence molecules pathogen. APR pathogen-specific multipathogen resistant but often race-nonspecific. Prediction through infection screening alone remains complex when more than one gene present. However, breakthroughs during past half century such as single-nucleotide polymorphism-based genotyping techniques isolation strategies like mutagenesis, enrichment, sequencing (MutRenSeq), mutagenesis chromosome (MutChromSeq), association genetics combined with RenSeq (AgRenSeq) enables rapid transfer from source modern cultivars. There a strong need combining multiple better efficacy longer-lasting resistance. Hence, cassette creation speeds up combination process, their widespread adoption commercial limited transgenic nature.

Язык: Английский

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Deciphering the level of genetic diversity in some aegilops species using CAAT box-derived polymorphism (CBDP) and start codon target polymorphism (SCoT) markers

Molecular Biology Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 50(7), С. 5791 - 5806

Опубликована: Май 23, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Antioxidant and Secondary Metabolite Responses in Wheat under Cereal Leaf Beetle (Oulema melanopus L.) Infestation

Physiologia Plantarum, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 176(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops grown in Western Himalayas India but its production challenged by insect “cereal leaf beetle (CLB)”. This study explores impact domestication and modern crop improvement on wheat's defense mechanisms against CLB, a global threat to wheat cultivation. Sixteen diverse genotypes having different ploidy levels were investigated, including wild wheat, landraces, mutants, advanced breeding lines, commercial varieties, Rye grass genotype. Genotypes with resistance genes, exhibited lowest CLB infestation oxidative damage. These displayed enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, such as peroxidase (POD), ascorbate (APX), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increased plant secondary metabolite (phenol tannin) upon infestation. Resistant durum demonstrated moderate responses higher flavonoid production. On other hand, susceptible genotypes, variety Shalimar Wheat‐02 (SW‐2), showed high infestation, ROS may be because varieties like SW‐2 not selected for resistance. findings emphasize significance preserving genetic diversity from landraces bolster programs pests CLB. underscores need harness ancestral lines enhance pest cultivars.

Язык: Английский

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