COVID-19 Complications: Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial and Endothelial Dysfunction

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(19), С. 14876 - 14876

Опубликована: Окт. 4, 2023

SARS-CoV-2 infection, discovered and isolated in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, causes acute atypical respiratory symptoms has led to profound changes our lives. COVID-19 is characterized by a wide range of complications, which include pulmonary embolism, thromboembolism arterial clot formation, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, multiorgan failure, more. The disease caused worldwide pandemic, despite various measures such as social distancing, preventive strategies, therapeutic approaches, the creation vaccines, novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) still hides many mysteries for scientific community. Oxidative stress been suggested play an essential role pathogenesis COVID-19, determining free radical levels patients with may provide insight into severity. generation abnormal oxidants under COVID-19-induced cytokine storm irreversible oxidation macromolecules subsequent damage cells, tissues, organs. Clinical studies have shown that oxidative initiates endothelial damage, increases risk complications post-COVID-19 or long-COVID-19 cases. This review describes radicals mediation mitochondrial dysfunction.

Язык: Английский

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Effectiveness of Drug Repurposing and Natural Products Against SARS-CoV-2: A Comprehensive Review

Clinical Pharmacology Advances and Applications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер Volume 16, С. 1 - 25

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a betacoronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, causing respiratory disorders, and even death in some individuals, if not appropriately treated time. To face preventive measures have been taken against contagions application of vaccines to prevent severe disease cases. For treatment, antiviral, antiparasitic, anticoagulant other drugs reused due limited specific medicaments disease. Drug repurposing an emerging strategy with therapies that already tested safe humans. One promising alternative systematic experimental screening vast pool compounds computational drug (in silico assay). Using these tools, new uses approved such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, zidovudine, ribavirin, lamivudine, remdesivir, lopinavir tenofovir/emtricitabine conducted, showing effectiveness vitro SARS-CoV-2 these, also clinical trials. Additionally, therapeutic options sought natural products (terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins phenolics) results use Among most studied are resveratrol, quercetin, hesperidin, curcumin, myricetin betulinic acid, which were proposed inhibitors. control SARS-CoV2, better observed remdesivir hospitalized patients outpatients. Regarding products, quercetin demonstrated antiviral activity vivo, nebulized formulation has alleviate symptoms COVID-19. This review shows evidence efficacy potential treatment this, search was carried out PubMed, SciELO ScienceDirect databases articles about or under study recognized their SARS-CoV-2.

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 influenced gut dysbiosis, post-acute sequelae, immune regulation, and therapeutic regimens

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14

Опубликована: Май 28, 2024

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has garnered unprecedented global attention. It over 2.47 million deaths through various syndromes such as distress, hypercoagulability, and multiple organ failure. viral invasion proceeds the ACE2 receptor, expressed in cell types, some patients serious damage to tissues, organs, immune cells, microbes that colonize gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Some who survived SARS-CoV-2 infection have developed months of persistent long-COVID-19 symptoms or post-acute sequelae COVID-19 (PASC). Diagnosis these revealed biological effects, none which are mutually exclusive. However, severity also depends on numerous comorbidities obesity, age, diabetes, hypertension care must be taken with respect other morbidities, host immunity. Gut microbiota relation immunopathology is considered evolve progression via mechanisms biochemical metabolism, exacerbation inflammation, intestinal mucosal secretion, cytokine storm, immunity regulation. Therefore, modulation gut microbiome equilibrium food supplements probiotics remains a hot topic current research debate. In this review, we discuss complications physio-pathological effects infection, GIT response, therapeutic pharmacological strategies. We summarize targets probiotics, their limitations, efficacy preclinical clinical drugs effectively inhibit spread SARS-CoV-2.

Язык: Английский

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Assessing Humoral Immuno-Inflammatory Pathways Associated with Respiratory Failure in COVID-19 Patients

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(12), С. 4057 - 4057

Опубликована: Июнь 15, 2023

All severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections are characterized by a high risk disease progression towards ARDS, leading to bad outcome. Respiratory symptoms in COVID-19 patients often do not correspond disease's worsening. In our sample, median age was 74 years (72-75) and 54% were men. The period hospitalization 9 days. Firstly, we observed significant asynchronous trend neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) C-reactive protein (CRP) 764 selected among 963 patients, who consecutively recruited two hospitals (Cannizzaro, S. Marco) Catania, Italy. NLR values deceased showed an increase from baseline over time. By contrast, CRP tended fall day all three subgroups, but steeply increased at the end only ICU-admitted patients. Then, evaluated relationships between as continuous variables with PaO2/FiO2 (P/F). independent predictor mortality (HR: 1.77, p < 0.0001), while ICU admission more significantly associated 1.70, 0.0001). Finally, age, neutrophils, CRP, lymphocytes directly linked P/F, influence inflammation on reflected also mediated neutrophils.

Язык: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2: A Glance at the Innate Immune Response Elicited by Infection and Vaccination

Antibodies, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(1), С. 13 - 13

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to almost seven million deaths worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 causes infection through respiratory transmission and can occur either without any symptoms or with clinical manifestations which be mild, severe or, in some cases, even fatal. Innate immunity provides the initial defense against virus sensing pathogen-associated molecular patterns triggering signaling pathways that activate antiviral inflammatory responses, limit viral replication help identification removal of infected cells. However, temporally dysregulated excessive activation innate immune response is deleterious for host associates COVID-19. In addition its defensive role, pivotal priming adaptive polarizing effector function. This capacity relevant context both natural vaccination. Here, we provide an overview current knowledge responses

Язык: Английский

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Mannosylated polydopamine nanoparticles alleviate radiation- induced pulmonary fibrosis by targeting M2 macrophages and inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway

Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 227, С. 113353 - 113353

Опубликована: Май 15, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Novel Sulfonamide‐Sydnone Hybrids: Complementary Insight into Anti‐Inflammatory Action, Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 Activity, Human Serum Albumin Interaction, and in silico Analysis

ChemMedChem, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 23, 2025

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe condition often seen in intensive care unit patients. Due to limited treatment options, ALI linked high rates of mortality and morbidity. Bacterial viral infections are significant contributors ALI. For instance, acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can lead strong inflammatory response that may progress ALI, leading cause death COVID-19 cases. Prior research has demonstrated sulfonamides sydnones exhibit anti-inflammatory antiviral properties, which led us develop compounds containing both scaffolds. Most the new sulfonamide-sydnone hybrids expected be orally bioavailable based on silico ADME predictions. They effectively suppressed development lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged mice inhibited replication Calu-3 cells, with minimal cytotoxicity non-infected Vero E6 cells. Molecular docking investigations indicated some possible targets for action sydnones, highlighting interaction non-structural proteins SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, combined experimental theoretical studies strongly interact human serum albumin, suggesting extended residence time bloodstream.

Язык: Английский

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Frequency of IgE antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein across different disease severity COVID19 groups

Virology Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Март 4, 2025

COVID-19 appears to have a progression of three stages. The latter stage is characterized by high level cytokine release, which in turn triggers an uncontrolled reaction known as storm where mast cells are involved. presence anti-IgE antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 this phase has been previously reported, suggesting association with the severity disease. Our study aims assess prognostic significance IgE across spectrum clinical presentations, including individual mild symptoms, hospitalized patients, and those who presented critical progression. included 64 patients distributed into following groups: 22 critically ill individuals (Critical); 21 non-critical (Severe); symptomatic non-hospitalized cases (Mild); healthy blood donors samples collected October 2019. Anti-IgE Spike (S) protein were detected using homemade ELISA, plate was sensitized RBD recombinant S protein. Among infected 28.1% tested positive for isotype RBD, whose prevalence similar Mild 23.8%, Severe 28.6%, Critical 31.8% (p = 0.842). Patients response exhibited higher levels LDH compared non-IgE responders, 40% increase 0.037), non-significantly tendency other inflammatory markers. In infection, roughly fourth response, regardless disease severity, associated LDH.

Язык: Английский

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Assessing Humoral Immuno-Inflammatory Pathways Associated with Respiratory Failure in COVID-19 Patients

Опубликована: Май 11, 2023

All severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections are characterized by a high risk disease progression towards ARDS, leading to bad outcome. Respiratory symptoms in COVID-19 patients often do not correspond disease’s worsening. A dysregulated host response the large viral load could play key role progression. In our sample median age was 74 years (72-75) and 54% were men. Median period hospitalization 9 days. Firstly, we observed an asynchronous trend neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) C-reactive protein (CRP) 764 selected among 963 who consecutively recruited two hospitals (Cannizzaro, S. Marco) Catania, Italy. NLR values deceased showed increase from baseline over time. By contrast, CRP tended fall day all four subgroups, but steeply increased at end only ICU-admitted patients. Then evaluated relationships between as continuous variables with PaO2/FiO2 (P/F). Finally, made mediation moderation analyses determine link inflammation (CRP), immune system (neutrophils lymphocytes) respiratory failure CRP, neutrophils P/F linked same pathogenetic chain failure.

Язык: Английский

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Intranasal Administration of Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Protects hACE2 TG Mice against Lethal SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(8), С. 921 - 921

Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged as a global outbreak in 2019, profoundly affecting both human health and the economy. Various vaccine modalities were developed commercialized to overcome this challenge, including inactivated vaccines, mRNA adenovirus vector-based subunit vaccines. While intramuscular vaccines induce high IgG levels, they often fail stimulate significant mucosal immunity system. We employed Newcastle virus (NDV) vector expressing spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant (rK148/beta-S), evaluated efficacy intranasal vaccination with rK148/beta-S K18-hACE2 transgenic mice. Intranasal low dose (10

Язык: Английский

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