
Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16
Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2025
Liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is one of the most common and aggressive malignancies worldwide. Immunotherapy has shown promising results in treating HCC, but its efficacy often limited by complex mechanisms immune evasion. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) proteins play a critical role regulating responses within tumor microenvironment (TME). These influence protein function, stability, interactions, which either promote or inhibit cell activity cancer. In this mini-review, we explore diverse PTMs that impact evasion liver including glycosylation, phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination. We focus on how these regulate key checkpoint molecules such as PD-L1, CTLA-4, TCR complex. Furthermore, discuss potential targeting combination with existing immunotherapies to enhance effectiveness treatment HCC. Understanding regulation may lead development novel therapeutic strategies overcome resistance immunotherapy
Язык: Английский