The Genus Alistipes: Gut Bacteria With Emerging Implications to Inflammation, Cancer, and Mental Health

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Июнь 9, 2020

Alistipes is a relatively new genus of bacteria isolated primarily from medical clinical samples, although at low rate compared to other members the Bacteroidetes phylum, which are highly relevant in dysbiosis and disease. According taxonomy database The National Center for Biotechnology Information, consists thirteen species: A. finegoldii, putredinis, onderdonkii, shahii, indistinctus, senegalensis, timonensis, obesi, ihumii, inops, megaguti, provencensis, massiliensis. Although typically human gut microbiome various species this have been patients suffering appendicitis, abdominal rectal abscess. It possible that as spp. emerge, their identification samples may be underrepresented novel MS-TOF methods not fully capable discriminate distinct separate since it will require upgrading databases. In terms pathogenicity, there contrasting evidence indicating protective effects against some diseases, including liver fibrosis, colitis, cancer immunotherapy, cardiovascular contrast, studies indicate pathogenic colorectal associated with mental signs depression. Gut seems play role determining compositional abundance feces (e.g., nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatic encephalopathy, fibrosis). Since recent sub-branch commonly chronic intestinal inflammation, narrative review illustrates emerging immunological mechanistic implications by correlate health.

Язык: Английский

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Gut Bacteroides species in health and disease

Gut Microbes, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

The functional diversity of the mammalian intestinal microbiome far exceeds that host organism, and microbial genes contribute substantially to well-being host. However, beneficial gut organisms can also be pathogenic when present in or other locations body. Among dominant bacteria are several species

Язык: Английский

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Deep learning in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment selection

Genome Medicine, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2021

Abstract Deep learning is a subdiscipline of artificial intelligence that uses machine technique called neural networks to extract patterns and make predictions from large data sets. The increasing adoption deep across healthcare domains together with the availability highly characterised cancer datasets has accelerated research into utility in analysis complex biology cancer. While early results are promising, this rapidly evolving field new knowledge emerging both learning. In review, we provide an overview techniques how they being applied oncology. We focus on applications for omics types, including genomic, methylation transcriptomic data, as well histopathology-based genomic inference, perspectives different types can be integrated develop decision support tools. specific examples may diagnosis, prognosis treatment management. also assess current limitations challenges application precision oncology, lack phenotypically rich need more explainable models. Finally, conclude discussion obstacles overcome enable future clinical utilisation

Язык: Английский

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Human gut microbiota in health and disease: Unveiling the relationship

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2022

The human gut possesses millions of microbes that define a complex microbial community. microbiota has been characterized as vital organ forming its multidirectional connecting axis with other organs. This is responsible for host-microbe interactions and works by communicating the neural, endocrinal, humoral, immunological, metabolic pathways. microorganisms (mostly non-pathogenic) have symbiotic host relationships are usually associated host’s immunity to defend against pathogenic invasion. dysbiosis therefore linked various diseases, such anxiety, depression, hypertension, cardiovascular obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer. mechanism leading disease development crucial correlation microbiota, products, immune response in humans. understanding mechanisms over exerts positive or harmful impacts remains largely undefined. However, many recent clinical studies conducted worldwide demonstrating relation specific species eubiosis health disease. A comprehensive interactions, role updates on subject striking topics current review. We also addressed daunting challenges must be brought under control maintain treat diseases.

Язык: Английский

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The Oral Microbiota May Have Influence on Oral Cancer

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 9

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2020

The oral microbiota plays an important role in the human and health, imbalances between microbes their hosts can lead to systemic diseases, chronic inflammation which is usually caused by bacteria contributes cancer, there may be a relationship squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, these relationships have not been thoroughly characterized. Accordingly, this study, we compared compositions tumor sites adjacent normal tissues buccal mucosal from 50 patients with OSCC using 16S rDNA sequencing. Richness diversity of were significantly higher than control tissues. Cancer enriched six families (Prevotellaceae, Fusobacteriaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Peptostreptococcaceae Campylobacteraceae) 13 genera, including Fusobacterium, Alloprevotella Porphyromonas. At species level, abundances Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Aggregatibacter segnis, Capnocytophaga leadbetteri, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, another five increased, suggesting potential association OSCC. In addition analyzing composition microbiota, profiled functional features microbiota. group, metabolism microflora changed obviously, such as Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis, involved various pathological processes. Overall, bacterial profiles showed significant difference cancer tissue patients, might taken diagnostic markers treatment targets. Our study has registered Chinese clinical trial registry (ChiCTR1900025253, http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx).

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiome, big data and machine learning to promote precision medicine for cancer

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 17(10), С. 635 - 648

Опубликована: Июль 9, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Current and Future Trends on Diagnosis and Prognosis of Glioblastoma: From Molecular Biology to Proteomics

Cells, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 8(8), С. 863 - 863

Опубликована: Авг. 9, 2019

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive malignant tumor of central nervous system. Due to absence effective pharmacological and surgical treatments, identification early diagnostic prognostic biomarkers key importance improve survival rate patients develop new personalized treatments. On these bases, aim this review article summarize current knowledge regarding application molecular biology proteomics techniques for novel through analysis different biological samples obtained from glioblastoma patients, including DNA, microRNAs, proteins, small molecules, circulating cells, extracellular vesicles, etc. Both benefits pitfalls analyses are discussed, mass spectrometry-based analytical techniques, highlighting how investigation strategies powerful tools study glioblastoma, as well advanced methods management pathology.

Язык: Английский

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Probiotics for cancer alternative prevention and treatment

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 129, С. 110409 - 110409

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2020

Cancer is a fatal malignancy with high clinical significance and remains one of the major causes illness death. It has no suitable cure existing till now. The safety stability standard chemotherapeutics drugs synthetic agents used to manage cancer are doubtful. These affecting quality life or contributing for development drug resistance not affordable majority patients. Therefore, scientists looking into management efficiency. This review focuses on role probiotics as alternative prevention treatment cancer. In this regard, we discuss biotherapeutic including live dead their metabolites, such short chain fatty acids, inhibitory compounds protein, polysaccharide, nucleic acid ferrichrome in vitro, vivo studies. We also effectiveness these biotherapeutics various types linked probiotic bacterial fungal strains, dose, time exposure. More mainly trials necessary further reveal approve significant well metabolic products treatment. Finally, positive results provided by treatments limited experimental settings. To minimize side effects associated probiotics, long term effect studies direction methodology standardization required.

Язык: Английский

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Current Perspectives in Cancer Immunotherapy

Cancers, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 11(10), С. 1472 - 1472

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2019

Different immunotherapeutic approaches have proved to be of significant clinical value many patients with different types advanced cancer. However, we need more precise immunotherapies and predictive biomarkers increase the successful response rates. The advent next generation sequencing technologies their applications in immuno-oncology has helped us tremendously towards this aim. We are now moving realization personalized medicine, thus, significantly increasing our expectations for a management disease. Here, discuss current against cancer, including immune checkpoint blockade an emphasis on anti-PD-L1 anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies. also analyze growing list other co-inhibitory co-stimulatory markers emphasize mechanism action principal pathway each these, as well drugs that either been FDA-approved or under investigation. further recent advances immunotherapies, cytokine therapy, adoptive cell transfer therapy therapeutic vaccines. finally modulation gut microbiota composition immunotherapy, how tumor-intrinsic factors immunological processes influence mutational epigenetic landscape progressing tumors immunotherapy but intervention influences cancer neoepitopes tumor immunoediting.

Язык: Английский

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Modulation of the human gut microbiota by phenolics and phenolic fiber‐rich foods

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 19(4), С. 1268 - 1298

Опубликована: Май 23, 2020

Abstract The gut microbiota plays a prominent role in human health. Alterations the are linked to development of chronic diseases such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic syndrome, and certain cancers. We know that diet an important initiate, shape, modulate microbiota. Long‐term dietary patterns shown be closely related with enterotypes, specifically long‐term consumption carbohydrates (related Prevotella abundance) or rich protein animal fats (correlated Bacteroides ). Short‐term solely animal‐ plant‐based diets have rapid reproducible modulatory effects on These alterations profile by can due impact different macronutrients, carbohydrates, protein, fat, which diverse microbial composition. Food‐derived phenolics, encompass structural variants flavonoids, hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic coumarins, stilbenes, ellagitannins, lignans modify Gut microbes been act fibers phenolics produce functional metabolites contribute Here, we discuss recent studies impacts phenolic fiber‐rich foods provide insight into potential synergistic roles between their bacterial products regulation intestinal

Язык: Английский

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