Overcoming Barriers in Glioblastoma—Advances in Drug Delivery Strategies

Cells, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(12), С. 998 - 998

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2024

The world of cancer treatment is evolving rapidly and has improved the prospects many patients. Yet, there are still cancers where have not (or hardly) improved. Glioblastoma most common malignant primary brain tumor, even though it sensitive to chemotherapeutics when tested under laboratory conditions, its clinical very poor. blood-brain barrier (BBB) considered at least partly responsible for high failure rate promising strategies. We describe workings BBB during healthy conditions within glioblastoma environment. How acts as a therapeutic options described well various approaches developed passing or opening BBB, with ultimate aim allow access tumors improve patient perspectives.

Язык: Английский

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Glioblastoma Vaccines as Promising Immune-Therapeutics: Challenges and Current Status

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(6), С. 655 - 655

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor. Standard treatments including surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, have failed to significantly improve prognosis of glioblastoma patients. Currently, immunotherapeutic approaches based on vaccines, chimeric antigen-receptor T-cells, checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic virotherapy are showing promising results in clinical trials. The combination different proving satisfactory promising. In view challenges immunotherapy resistance glioblastomas, treatment these tumors requires further efforts. this review, we explore obstacles that potentially influence efficacy response should be taken into account This article provides a comprehensive review vaccine therapy for glioblastoma. addition, identify main biomarkers, isocitrate dehydrogenase, epidermal growth factor receptor, telomerase reverse transcriptase, known as potential targets glioblastoma, well current status paper also lists proposed solutions overcome facing glioblastomas.

Язык: Английский

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Progress in Drug Delivery Systems Based on Nanoparticles for Improved Glioblastoma Therapy: Addressing Challenges and Investigating Opportunities

Cancers, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(4), С. 701 - 701

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2025

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant brain tumor that has bleak outlook despite existing treatments such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. The utilization of nanoparticles for drug delivery presents promising method by which to improve the effectiveness treatment while reducing harmful effects on entire body. This review examines application in GBM, focusing different types nanoparticles, including lipid-based, polymeric, metallic, those under development. Every variety analyzed its distinct characteristics therapeutic capacity. Lipid-based liposomes solid lipid enhance transport medicines are not soluble water have shown considerable potential preclinical investigations. Polymeric benefits terms controlled release targeted distribution, whereas metallic both therapy imaging. In current we would like emphasize ways medicine delivery, specifically enhancing penetration blood-brain barrier (BBB), targeting tumors, enabling release. Additionally, also discuss clinical discoveries, highlighting achievements obstacles process converting these technologies into effective GBM. study offers thorough examination present status prospects

Язык: Английский

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Immune Cell Interplay in the Fight Against GBM

Cancers, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(5), С. 817 - 817

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2025

Despite multimodal therapies, the treatment of glioblastoma remains challenging. In addition to very complex mechanisms cancer cells, including specialized phenotypes that enable them proliferate, invade tissues, and evade immunosurveillance, they exhibit a pronounced resistance chemo- radiotherapy. More advanced tumors create hypoxic environment supports their proliferation survival, while robust angiogenesis ensures constant supply nutrients. GBM, these structures are contribute creation maintenance highly immunosuppressive microenvironment promotes tumor growth immune escape. addition, high accumulation tumor-infiltrating leukocytes other expression checkpoint molecules, low mutational burden, i.e., number neoantigens, hallmarks GBM challenge therapeutic approaches. Here, we review exploits support potential treatments. These include new chemotherapeutics, treating fields, small compounds targeting or blockers tyrosine kinases inhibit cell survival. focus on immunotherapies such as blockade in particular vaccination with dendritic cells CAR-T which can either kill directly bypass immunosuppression by modulating boosting patient's own response.

Язык: Английский

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Molecular Interplay Between Non-Coding RNAs and Connexins and Its Possible Role in Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(6), С. 2538 - 2538

Опубликована: Март 12, 2025

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are sequences that do not encode for proteins and play key roles in different cellular processes, including cell proliferation differentiation. On the other hand, connexins (Cxs) transmembrane principally allow intercellular communication. In pathological conditions such as cancer, there is a deregulation expression and/or function of ncRNAs Cxs, which turn leads to an enhancement aggressive phenotype, greater proliferative invasive capacity. This suggests plausible interplay between Cxs. Based on that, this review aims summarize current knowledge regarding relationship analyze how it may influence development traits cancer cells clinicopathological features patients. Finally, we discuss potential Cxs promising clinical biomarkers diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic targeting.

Язык: Английский

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Glioblastoma and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Glance at Available Treatment Options and Future Directions

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(19), С. 10765 - 10765

Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2024

Glioblastoma is known to be one of the most aggressive and fatal human cancers, with a poor prognosis resistance standard treatments. In last few years, many solid tumor treatments have been revolutionized help immunotherapy. However, this type treatment has failed improve results in glioblastoma patients. Effective immunotherapeutic strategies may developed after understanding how achieves tumor-mediated immune suppression both local systemic landscapes. Biomarkers identify patients likely benefit from treatment. review, we discuss use immunotherapy glioblastoma, an emphasis on checkpoint inhibitors factors that influence clinical response. A Pubmed data search was performed for all existing information regarding used glioblastoma. All evaluating ongoing trials involving ICIs either as monotherapy or combination other drugs compiled analyzed.

Язык: Английский

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Adenoviral Delivery of the CIITA Transgene Induces T-Cell-Mediated Killing in Glioblastoma Organoids

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2024

ABSTRACT The immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment poses a significant challenge to effective immunotherapies against glioblastoma (GB). Boosting immune response is critical for successful therapy. Here, we adopted cancer gene therapy approach induce T-cell mediated killing through increased activation system. Patient-based 3D GB models were infected with replication-deficient adenovirus (AdV) armed Class II Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC-II) Transactivator CIITA (Ad-CIITA). Successful induction surface MHC-II was achieved in cell lines and primary human organoids. Infection an AdV carrying mutant form single amino acid substitution resulted cytoplasmic accumulation without subsequent expression. Co-culture cells either PBMCs or isolated T-cells led dramatic breakdown Intriguingly, both wild-type Ad-CIITA but not unarmed AdV, triggered immune-mediated death co-culture system, suggesting at least partially MHC-II-independent process. We further show that observed requires presence CD8 + CD4 direct contact between cells. did however detect evidence canonical pathways. While precise mechanism remains be determined, these findings highlight potential AdV-mediated delivery enhance T-cell-mediated immunity GB.

Язык: Английский

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Revolutionizing Brain Tumor Care: Emerging Technologies and Strategies

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(6), С. 1376 - 1376

Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2024

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive forms brain tumor, characterized by a daunting prognosis with life expectancy hovering around 12–16 months. Despite century relentless research, only select few drugs have received approval for tumor treatment, largely due to formidable barrier posed blood–brain barrier. The current standard care involves multifaceted approach combining surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy. However, recurrence often occurs within months despite these interventions. challenges drug delivery overcoming therapeutic resistance become focal points in treatment tumors are deemed essential recurrence. In recent years, promising wave advanced treatments has emerged, offering glimpse hope overcome limitations existing therapies. This review aims highlight cutting-edge technologies ongoing stages development, providing patients valuable insights guide their choices treatment.

Язык: Английский

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The Importance of Biotinylation for the Suitability of Cationic and Neutral Fourth-Generation Polyamidoamine Dendrimers as Targeted Drug Carriers in the Therapy of Glioma and Liver Cancer

Molecules, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 29(18), С. 4293 - 4293

Опубликована: Сен. 10, 2024

In this study, we hypothesized that biotinylated and/or glycidol-flanked fourth-generation polyamidoamine (PAMAM G4) dendrimers could be a tool for efficient drug transport into glioma and liver cancer cells. For purpose, native PAMAM (G4) dendrimers, (G4B), glycidylated (G4gl), (G4Bgl), were synthesized, their cytotoxicity, uptake, accumulation in vitro vivo studied relation to the mediated by sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT). The studies showed human temozolomide-resistant cell line (U-118 MG) hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) indicated higher amount of SMVT than HaCaT keratinocytes (HaCaTs) used as model normal G4gl G4Bgl highly biocompatible (they did not affect proliferation mitochondrial activity) against U-118 MG cells (against

Язык: Английский

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Prospective Molecular Targets for Natural Killer Cell Immunotherapy against Glioblastoma Multiforme

Cells, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(18), С. 1567 - 1567

Опубликована: Сен. 17, 2024

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of primary malignant brain tumor and has a dismal overall survival rate. To date, no GBM therapy yielded successful results in for patients beyond baseline surgical resection, radiation, chemotherapy. Immunotherapy taken oncology world by storm recent years there been movement from researchers to implement immunotherapy revolution into treatment. Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapies are rising candidate treat multiple therapeutic vantage points: monoclonal antibody targeting tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-NK cell therapy, Bi-specific engagers (BiKEs), more. NK therapies often focus on targeting. Here, we reviewed some targets analyzed fight relevant cells: EGFR, HER2, CD155, IL-13Rα2. We further propose investigating Lectin-like Transcript 1 (LLT1) surface proliferating nuclear antigen (csPCNA) as immunotherapy.

Язык: Английский

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