Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
733, С. 150597 - 150597
Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2024
A
significant
quantity
of
substance
P
(SP)
and
its
receptor,
the
neurokinin
1
(NK1)
receptors
are
found
in
brain.
SP
is
a
neuropeptide
distributed
central
nervous
system
functions
as
neurotransmitter,
neuromodulator,
neurotrophic
factor.
The
concentrations
brain
cerebrospinal
fluid
fluctuate
individuals
with
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD).
an
endogenous
ligand
for
NK1
enhancing
expression
toll-like
(TLR)
vice
versa.
So,
both
pathways
interconnected,
where
activation
one
pathway
activates
second
pathway.
Researchers
have
observed
interaction
TLR
pathophysiology
AD.
Thus,
this
review
discusses
various
TLRs
involved
regulating
amyloid
processing
Further,
AD
pathology,
can
regulate
non-amyloidogenic
Recent
studies
also
demonstrated
capacity
voltage-gated
potassium
channel
currents,
emphasizing
SP's
neuroprotective
ability.
Therefore,
we
corroborate
findings
linking
SP,
NK1R,
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
23(11), С. 5954 - 5954
Опубликована: Май 25, 2022
Neurotransmitters
are
molecules
that
amplify,
transmit,
and
convert
signals
in
cells,
having
an
essential
role
information
transmission
throughout
the
nervous
system.
Hundreds
of
such
chemicals
have
been
discovered
last
century,
continuing
to
be
identified
studied
concerning
their
action
on
brain
health.
These
substances
observed
influence
numerous
functions,
including
emotions,
thoughts,
memories,
learning,
movements.
Thus,
disturbances
neurotransmitters'
homeostasis
started
being
correlated
with
a
plethora
neurological
neurodegenerative
disorders.
In
this
respect,
present
paper
aims
describe
most
important
neurotransmitters,
broadly
classified
into
canonical
(e.g.,
amino
acids,
monoamines,
acetylcholine,
purines,
soluble
gases,
neuropeptides)
noncanonical
neurotransmitters
exosomes,
steroids,
D-aspartic
acid),
explain
link
some
relevant
conditions.
Moreover,
brief
overview
recently
developed
detection
methods
is
offered,
followed
by
several
considerations
modulation
these
towards
restoring
homeostasis.
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16
Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2024
Neuroinflammation
refers
to
a
highly
complicated
reaction
of
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
certain
stimuli
such
as
trauma,
infection,
and
neurodegenerative
diseases.
This
is
cellular
immune
response
whereby
glial
cells
are
activated,
inflammatory
mediators
liberated
reactive
oxygen
nitrogen
species
synthesized.
key
process
that
helps
protect
brain
from
pathogens,
but
inappropriate,
or
protracted
inflammation
yields
pathological
states
Parkinson’s
disease,
Alzheimer’s,
Multiple
Sclerosis,
other
disorders
showcase
various
pathways
neurodegeneration
distributed
in
parts
CNS.
review
reveals
major
neuroinflammatory
signaling
associated
with
neurodegeneration.
Additionally,
it
explores
promising
therapeutic
avenues,
stem
cell
therapy,
genetic
intervention,
nanoparticles,
aiming
regulate
neuroinflammation
potentially
impede
decelerate
advancement
these
conditions.
A
comprehensive
understanding
intricate
connection
between
diseases
pivotal
for
development
future
treatment
strategies
can
alleviate
burden
imposed
by
devastating
disorders.
Life Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
328, С. 121814 - 121814
Опубликована: Май 25, 2023
Excitotoxicity
is
classically
defined
as
the
neuronal
damage
caused
by
excessive
release
of
glutamate,
and
subsequent
activation
excitatory
plasma
membrane
receptors.
In
mammalian
brain,
this
phenomenon
mainly
driven
glutamate
receptors
(GRs).
common
to
several
chronic
disorders
Central
Nervous
System
(CNS)
considered
primary
mechanism
loss
function
cell
death
in
acute
CNS
diseases
(e.g.
ischemic
stroke).
Multiple
mechanisms
pathways
lead
excitotoxic
including
pro-death
signaling
cascade
events
downstream
receptors,
calcium
(Ca2+)
overload,
oxidative
stress,
mitochondrial
impairment,
synaptic
cleft
well
altered
energy
metabolism.
Here,
we
review
current
knowledge
on
molecular
that
underlie
excitotoxicity,
emphasizing
role
Nicotinamide
Adenine
Dinucleotide
(NAD)
We
also
discuss
novel
promising
therapeutic
strategies
treat
highlighting
recent
clinical
trials.
Finally,
will
shed
light
ongoing
search
for
stroke
biomarkers,
an
exciting
field
research,
which
may
improve
diagnosis,
prognosis
allow
better
treatment
options.
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
17
Опубликована: Сен. 4, 2023
Astrocytes
comprise
half
of
the
cells
in
central
nervous
system
and
play
a
critical
role
maintaining
metabolic
homeostasis.
Metabolic
dysfunction
astrocytes
has
been
indicated
as
primary
cause
neurological
diseases,
such
depression,
Alzheimer’s
disease,
epilepsy.
Although
functionalities
are
well
known,
their
relationship
to
disorders
is
poorly
understood.
The
ways
which
regulate
metabolism
glucose,
amino
acids,
lipids
have
all
implicated
diseases.
Metabolism
also
exhibited
significant
influence
on
neuron
functionality
brain’s
neuro-network.
In
this
review,
we
focused
processes
present
astrocytes,
most
notably
glucose
pathway,
fatty
acid
amino-acid
pathway.
For
metabolism,
glycolysis
pentose-phosphate
oxidative
phosphorylation
followed
oxidation,
ketone
body
sphingolipid
metabolism.
summarized
neurotransmitter
serine
kynurenine
pathways.
This
review
will
provide
an
overview
functional
changes
astrocyte
overall
perspective
current
treatment
therapy
for
disorders.
International Journal of Molecular Medicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
53(5)
Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2024
Chronic
neuroinflammation
serves
a
key
role
in
the
onset
and
progression
of
neurodegenerative
disorders.
Mitochondria
serve
as
central
regulators
neuroinflammation.
In
addition
to
providing
energy
cells,
mitochondria
also
participate
immunoinflammatory
response
disorders
including
Alzheimer's
disease,
Parkinson's
multiple
sclerosis
epilepsy,
by
regulating
processes
such
cell
death
inflammasome
activation.
Under
inflammatory
conditions,
mitochondrial
oxidative
stress,
epigenetics,
dynamics
calcium
homeostasis
imbalance
may
underlying
regulatory
mechanisms
for
these
diseases.
Therefore,
investigating
related
dysfunction
result
therapeutic
strategies
against
chronic
neurodegeneration.
The
present
review
summarizes
neuroinflammatory
diseases
current
treatment
approaches
that
target
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
2022, С. 1 - 13
Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2022
Dysregulated
host
response
to
infection,
which
cause
life-threatening
organ
dysfunction,
was
defined
as
sepsis.
Sepsis
can
acute
and
long-term
brain
namely,
sepsis-associated
encephalopathy
(SAE)
cognitive
impairment.
SAE
refers
changes
in
consciousness
without
direct
evidence
of
central
nervous
system
infection.
It
is
highly
prevalent
may
poor
outcomes
sepsis
patients.
Cognitive
impairment
seriously
affects
the
life
quality
patients
increases
medical
burden.
The
pathogenesis
sepsis-induced
dysfunction
mainly
characterized
by
interaction
systemic
inflammation,
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
neuroinflammation,
microcirculation
dysfunction.
Currently,
diagnosis
based
on
clinical
manifestation
altered
along
with
neuropathological
examination,
treatment
involves
controlling
Although
treatments
for
have
been
tested
animals,
treat
still
difficult.
Therefore,
we
review
underlying
mechanisms
injury,
focus
influence
inflammation
BBB,
microcirculation,
function,
want
bring
new
mechanism-based
directions
future
basic
research
aimed
at
preventing
or
ameliorating
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
24(4), С. 3914 - 3914
Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2023
N-methyl-D-aspartate
receptors
(NMDARs)
are
ligand-gated
ion
channels
that
activated
by
the
neurotransmitter
glutamate,
mediate
slow
component
of
excitatory
neurotransmission
in
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
and
induce
long-term
changes
synaptic
plasticity.
NMDARs
non-selective
cation
allow
influx
extracellular
Na+
Ca2+
control
cellular
activity
via
both
membrane
depolarization
an
increase
intracellular
concentration.
The
distribution,
structure,
role
neuronal
have
been
extensively
investigated
it
is
now
known
they
also
regulate
crucial
functions
non-neuronal
CNS,
i.e.,
astrocytes
cerebrovascular
endothelial
cells.
In
addition,
expressed
multiple
peripheral
organs,
including
heart
systemic
pulmonary
circulations.
Herein,
we
survey
most
recent
information
available
regarding
distribution
function
within
cardiovascular
system.
We
describe
involvement
modulation
rate
cardiac
rhythm,
regulation
arterial
blood
pressure,
cerebral
flow,
blood–brain
barrier
(BBB)
permeability.
parallel,
how
enhanced
NMDAR
could
promote
ventricular
arrhythmias,
failure,
artery
hypertension
(PAH),
BBB
dysfunction.
Targeting
represent
unexpected
pharmacological
strategy
to
reduce
growing
burden
several
life-threatening
disorders.
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
24(1), С. 2 - 21
Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2024
Background::
The
gut-brain
axis
(GBA)
is
a
bidirectional
signaling
channel
that
facilitates
communication
between
the
gastrointestinal
tract
and
brain.
Recent
research
on
demonstrates
this
connection
enables
brain
to
influence
gut
function,
which
in
turn
influences
its
cognitive
functioning.
It
well
established
malfunctioning
of
adversely
affects
both
systems'
ability
operate
effectively.
Objective::
Dysfunctions
GBA
have
been
associated
with
disorders
motility
permeability,
intestinal
inflammation,
indigestion,
constipation,
diarrhea,
IBS,
IBD,
as
neuropsychiatric
neurodegenerative
like
depression,
anxiety,
schizophrenia,
autism,
Alzheimer's,
Parkinson's
disease.
Multiple
initiatives
shown
microbiota,
particular,
plays
crucial
role
by
participating
regulation
number
key
neurochemicals
are
known
significant
effects
mental
physical
well-being
an
individual.
Methods::
Several
studies
investigated
relationship
imbalances
or
disturbances
metabolism
neurochemicals,
often
leading
concomitant
issues
modifications
flora
composition.
interaction
neurological
diseases
microbiota
has
focal
point
within
research.
novel
therapeutic
interventions
conditions
involving
such
probiotics,
prebiotics,
dietary
outlined
review.
Results::
findings
multiple
carried
out
mice
show
modulating
monitoring
can
help
treat
symptoms
diseases,
raises
possibility
use
even
changes
part
new
treatment
strategy
for
their
symptoms.
Conclusion::
through
revealed
profound
implications
health.
Malfunctions
connected
range
affecting
function
well-being.
emerging
understanding
regulating
opens
up
possibilities
approaches
diseases.
