PLoS ONE,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
20(4), С. e0314690 - e0314690
Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2025
Statins
are
highly
effective
and
widely
prescribed
cholesterol
lowering
drugs.
However,
statins
cross
the
blood-brain
barrier
decrease
neural
in
animal
models,
raising
concern
that
long-term
statin
use
may
impact
cholesterol-dependent
structures
functions
brain.
Cholesterol
is
a
fundamental
component
of
cell
membranes
experimentally
decreasing
membrane
has
been
shown
to
alter
morphology
vitro.
In
addition,
brain
regions
undergo
adult
neurogenesis
rely
on
local
for
manufacture
new
neuronal
membranes.
Thus
be
particularly
vulnerable
use.
Here
we
asked
whether
oral
treatment
impacts
juveniles,
either
by
numbers
cells
formed
or
altering
structure
neurons.
The
children
adolescents
received
less
attention
than
older
adults,
with
few
studies
potential
unintended
effects
young
brains.
We
examined
neurons
juvenile
zebra
finch
songbird
telencephalic
function
song
perception
memory
(caudomedial
nidopallium,
NCM)
production
(HVC).
Birds
40
mg/kg
atorvastatin
water
vehicle
once
daily
2–3
months
until
they
reached
adulthood.
labeled
newborn
using
systemic
injections
bromodeoxyuridine
(BrdU)
quantified
double-labeled
antibodies
BrdU
neuron-specific
protein
Hu
30–32
days
post
mitosis.
also
younger
cohort
same
birds
antibody
doublecortin
(DCX).
then
compared
soma
+
/Hu+
between
statin-treated
control
birds.
did
not
find
an
effect
density
newly
region,
suggesting
neuron
survival
our
paradigm.
found
differed
significantly
Somata
(30–32
day
old)
were
flatter
had
more
furrowed
contours
relative
controls.
larger,
heterogeneous
non-birthdated
BrdU-/Hu+
neurons,
largely
born
prior
treatment,
somata
smaller
Our
findings
indicate
affect
cytoarchitecture
both
mature
perhaps
as
consequence
decreased
availability
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(16), С. 8922 - 8922
Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2024
Astrocytes
play
a
pivotal
role
in
maintaining
brain
energy
homeostasis,
supporting
neuronal
function
through
glycolysis
and
lipid
metabolism.
This
review
explores
the
metabolic
intricacies
of
astrocytes
both
physiological
pathological
conditions,
highlighting
their
adaptive
plasticity
diverse
functions.
Under
normal
modulate
synaptic
activity,
recycle
neurotransmitters,
maintain
blood–brain
barrier,
ensuring
balanced
supply
protection
against
oxidative
stress.
However,
response
to
central
nervous
system
pathologies
such
as
neurotrauma,
stroke,
infections,
neurodegenerative
diseases
like
Alzheimer’s
Huntington’s
disease,
undergo
significant
morphological,
molecular,
changes.
Reactive
upregulate
fatty
acid
oxidation
meet
increased
demands,
which
can
be
protective
acute
settings
but
may
exacerbate
chronic
inflammation
disease
progression.
emphasizes
need
for
advanced
genetic,
tools
further
understand
astrocyte
heterogeneity
reprogramming
states.
Brain Research Bulletin,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
221, С. 111191 - 111191
Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025
Major
depressive
disorder
(MDD)
is
a
common
mental
with
chronic
tendencies
that
seriously
affect
regular
work,
life,
and
study.
However,
its
exact
pathogenesis
remains
unclear.
Patients
MDD
experience
systemic
localized
impairments
in
glucose
metabolism
throughout
the
disease
course,
disrupting
various
processes
such
as
uptake,
glycoprotein
transport,
glycolysis,
tricarboxylic
acid
cycle
(TCA),
oxidative
phosphorylation
(OXPHOS).
These
may
result
from
mechanisms
including
insulin
resistance,
hyperglycemia-induced
damage,
stress,
astrocyte
abnormalities,
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
leading
to
insufficient
energy
supply,
altered
synaptic
plasticity,
neuronal
cell
death,
functional
structural
damage
reward
networks.
mechanical
changes
contribute
of
severely
interfere
prognosis.
Herein,
we
summarized
impairment
pathophysiological
patients
MDD.
In
addition,
briefly
discussed
potential
pharmacological
interventions
for
alleviate
MDD,
glucagon-like
peptide-1
receptor
agonists,
metformin,
topical
insulin,
liraglutide,
pioglitazone,
encourage
development
new
therapeutics.
International Journal of Molecular Medicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
55(3)
Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2025
Ischemic
stroke,
a
leading
cause
of
disability
and
mortality
worldwide,
is
characterized
by
the
sudden
loss
blood
flow
in
specific
area
brain.
Intravenous
thrombolysis
with
recombinant
tissue
plasminogen
activator
only
approved
pharmacological
treatment
for
acute
ischemic
stroke;
however,
aforementioned
has
significant
clinical
limitations,
thus
there
an
urgent
need
development
novel
mechanisms
therapeutic
strategies
stroke.
Astrocytes,
abundant
versatile
cells
central
nervous
system,
offer
crucial
support
to
neurons
nutritionally,
structurally
physically.
They
also
contribute
blood‑brain
barrier
formation
regulate
neuronal
extracellular
ion
concentrations.
Accumulated
evidence
revealed
involvement
astrocytes
regulation
host
neurotransmitter
metabolism,
immune
response
repair,
different
metabolic
characteristics
can
process
suggesting
that
targeted
astrocyte
reprogramming
may
prognosis
In
present
review,
current
understanding
multifaceted
along
its
regulatory
factors
pathways,
as
well
promote
polarization
balance,
which
hold
promise
immunometabolism‑targeted
therapies
were
summarized.
Cells,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(20), С. 1714 - 1714
Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2024
The
regulation
of
energy
in
the
brain
has
garnered
substantial
attention
recent
years
due
to
its
significant
implications
various
disorders
and
aging.
brain's
metabolism
is
a
dynamic
tightly
regulated
network
that
balances
demand
supply
by
engaging
complementary
molecular
pathways.
crosstalk
among
these
pathways
enables
system
switch
preferred
fuel
source
based
on
substrate
availability,
activity
levels,
cell
state-related
factors
such
as
redox
balance.
Brain
production
relies
multi-cellular
cooperation
continuously
supplied
from
blood
limited
internal
stores.
Astrocytes,
which
interface
with
neurons
vessels,
play
crucial
role
coordinating
metabolic
activity,
their
dysfunction
can
have
detrimental
effects
health.
This
review
characterizes
major
substrates
(glucose,
lactate,
glycogen,
ketones
lipids)
astrocyte
health,
focusing
developments
field.
Analytical Cellular Pathology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
2024, С. 1 - 12
Опубликована: Март 7, 2024
Phospholipase
D
(PLD)
is
an
enzyme
that
consists
of
six
isoforms
(PLD1–PLD6)
and
has
been
discovered
in
different
organisms
including
bacteria,
viruses,
plants,
mammals.
PLD
involved
regulating
a
wide
range
nerve
cells’
physiological
processes,
such
as
cytoskeleton
modulation,
proliferation/growth,
vesicle
trafficking,
morphogenesis,
development.
Simultaneously,
PLD,
which
also
plays
essential
role
the
pathogenesis
neurodegenerative
neuroimmune
diseases.
In
this
review,
family
members,
characterizations,
structure,
functions
related
signaling
pathways,
therapeutic
values
was
summarized,
then
five
representative
diseases
Alzheimer
disease
(AD),
Parkinson’s
(PD),
etc.
were
selected
examples
to
tell
involvement
these
neurological
Notably,
recent
advances
development
tools
for
studying
therapy
envisaged
novel
interventions.
Furthermore,
limitations
based
analyzed
discussed.
The
content
review
provided
thorough
reasonable
basis
further
studies
exploit
potential
treatment
Brain Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(11), С. 1101 - 1101
Опубликована: Окт. 30, 2024
Obesity,
type
2
diabetes
(T2D),
and
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
are
pathologies
that
affect
millions
of
people
worldwide.
They
have
no
effective
therapy
difficult
to
prevent
control
when
they
develop.
It
has
been
known
for
many
years
these
diseases
pathogenic
aspects
in
common.
We
highlight
this
review
neuroglial
cells
(astroglia,
oligodendroglia,
microglia)
play
a
vital
role
the
origin,
clinical-pathological
development,
course
brain
neurodegeneration.
Moreover,
we
include
new
results
T2D-AD
mouse
model
(APP+PS1
mice
on
high-calorie
diet)
investigating.
