Ideggyógyászati Szemle,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
77(5-6), С. 151 - 159
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Background
–
Long
Covid
is
a
complex
condition
characterised
by
symptoms
that
persist
for
weeks
and
months
after
the
infection,
accompanied
cognitive
impairment
negatively
affects
daily
life.
Understanding
this
important
development
of
diagnostic
therapeutic
strategies.
Purpose
This
article
aims
to
provide
comprehensive
overview
impairment
in
long-COVID,
including
its
definition,
symptoms,
pathophysiology,
risk
factors,
assessment
tools,
imaging
abnormalities,
potential
biomarkers,
management
strategies,
long-term
outcomes,
future
directions
research.
Methods
The
search
methodology
used
review
aimed
include
wide
range
research
on
related
both
COVID-19
long-COVID.
Systematic
searches
PubMed
Google
Scholar
databases
were
conducted
using
mixture
MeSH
terms
keywords
‘cognition’,
‘cognitive
impairment’,
‘brain
fog’,
‘COVID-19’
‘long-COVID’.
was
restricted
studies
published
English
between
1
January
2019
11
February
2024,
which
presented
findings
neurological
manifestations
human
participants.
Results
Long-COVID
characterized
persistent
following
with
being
prominent
feature.
Symptoms
brain
fog,
difficulties
concentration,
memory
issues,
executive
function
deficits.
Pathophysiological
mechanisms
involve
viral
persistence,
immune
responses,
vascular
damage.
Risk
factors
age,
pre-existing
conditions,
disease
severity.
Cognitive
tools
such
as
Montreal
Assessment
(MoCA)
are
essential
diagnosis.
Imaging
studies,
MRI,
PET,
SPECT,
reveal
structural
functional
alterations.
Potential
biomarkers
C-reactive
protein,
interleukin-6,
neuron-specific
enolase.
Management
strategies
encompass
rehabilitation,
occupational
therapy,
medications,
lifestyle
modifications.
Discussion
poses
multifaceted
challenge,
significantly
impacts
patients’
lives.
A
multidisciplinary
approach,
rehabilitation
medication
when
appropriate,
effective
management.
Future
should
focus
validating
understanding
outcomes.
Conclusion
global
health
concern,
distressing
symptom.
While
pharmacological
interventions
have
potential,
they
require
careful
consideration.
Continued
crucial
improving
treatment
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
24(15), С. 12081 - 12081
Опубликована: Июль 28, 2023
Mast
cells
have
existed
for
millions
of
years
in
species
that
never
suffer
from
allergic
reactions.
Hence,
addition
to
allergies,
mast
can
play
a
critical
role
homeostasis
and
inflammation
via
secretion
numerous
vasoactive,
pro-inflammatory
neuro-sensitizing
mediators.
Secretion
may
utilize
different
modes
involve
the
cytoskeleton,
but
our
understanding
molecular
mechanisms
regulating
is
still
not
well
understood.
The
Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin
(ERM)
family
proteins
involved
linking
cell
surface-initiated
signaling
actin
cytoskeleton.
However,
how
ERMs
regulate
poorly
contain
two
functional
domains
connected
through
long
α-helix
region,
N-terminal
FERM
(band
4.1
protein-ERM)
domain
C-terminal
ERM
association
(C-ERMAD).
C-ERMAD
bind
each
other
head-to-tail
manner,
leading
closed/inactive
conformation.
Typically,
phosphorylation
on
C-terminus
Thr
has
been
associated
with
activation
ERMs,
including
macrophages
platelets.
It
previously
shown
ability
so-called
“stabilizer”
disodium
cromoglycate
(cromolyn)
inhibit
rat
closely
paralleled
78
kDa
protein,
which
was
subsequently
be
moesin,
member
ERMs.
Interestingly,
moesin
during
inhibition
Ser56/74
Thr66
residues.
This
pattern
could
lock
its
inactive
state
render
it
inaccessible
binding
Soluble
NSF
attachment
protein
receptors
(SNAREs)
synaptosomal-associated
(SNAPs)
exocytosis.
Using
confocal
microscopic
imaging,
we
showed
found
colocalize
cluster
around
secretory
granules
secretion.
In
conclusion,
localization
important
regulation
targeted
development
effective
inhibitors
inflammatory
mediators
cells.
Russian Biomedical Research,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
9(1), С. 78 - 87
Опубликована: Май 22, 2024
Введение.
Нейропатия
малых
волокон
(НМВ)
—
состояние,
возникающее
при
наследственных,
метаболических,
аутоиммунных,
инфекционных
и
других
заболеваниях.
Данные
о
возможной
роли
НМВ
в
патогенезе
постковидного
синдрома
(ПКС)
единичны.
Цель
обзор
литературы
нейропатии
обобщение
многолетнего
опыта
работы
авторов
с
пациентами,
имеющими
поствирусные
иммунологические
осложнения.
Результаты.
Среди
звеньев
патогенеза
ПКС
выделяют
антигенную
мимикрию
вирусных
частиц
белками
человека,
активацию
коагуляции
нейроглии,
длительное
присутствие
резидуальных
отдельных
областях
центральной
нервной
системы.
Повышение
выработки
неспецифических
антител
позволяет
рассматривать
как
иммунологический
процесс.
Отсутствие
«золотого
стандарта»
инструментальной
диагностики
разнообразии
клинических
проявлений
затрудняет
постановку
диагноза.
Нейропатическая
боль
вегетативная
дисфункция
на
фоне
нормальных
показателей
электронейромиографии
(ЭНМГ)
могут
быть
объяснены
наличием
структуре
ПКС.
Эта
гипотеза
подтверждается
данными
конфокальной
микроскопии
биопсии
кожи
определением
плотности
интрадермальных
нервных
окончаний
у
пациентов,
страдающих
ПКС,
а
также
клиническими
наблюдениями
статьи.
Заключение.
Рассмотрение
качестве
важного
звена
открывает
новые
горизонты
для
синдрома.
Introduction.
Small
fiber
neuropathy
(SNF)
is
a
condition
that
occurs
due
to
hereditary,
metabolic,
autoimmune,
infectious
and
other
diseases.
Data
on
the
possible
role
of
SNF
in
pathogenesis
post-Covid
syndrome
(PCS)
are
rare.
Aim:
To
review
literature
small
syndrome.
Summarize
authors’
many
years
experience
working
with
patients
post-viral
immunological
complications.
Results.
There
several
stages
PCS
including
antigenic
mimicry
viral
particles
human
proteins,
activation
ofcoagulation
neuroglia,
long-term
presence
residual
certain
areas
central
nervous
system.
Increased
production
nonspecific
antibodies
allows
us
consider
PCD
as
an
process.
The
lack
gold
standard
for
instrumental
diagnostics,
given
variety
clinical
manifestations
PCS,
makes
diagnosis
difficult.
Neuropathic
pain
autonomic
dysfunction
combined
normal
electroneuromyography
(ENMG)
indicators
can
be
explained
by
structure
PCS.
This
hypothesis
confirmed
data
from
confocal
microscopy
skin
biopsy
determination
density
intradermal
nerve
endings
suffering
well
observations
authors
article.
Conclusion.
Consideration
important
stage
opens
new
horizons
Ideggyógyászati Szemle,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
77(5-6), С. 151 - 159
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
Background
–
Long
Covid
is
a
complex
condition
characterised
by
symptoms
that
persist
for
weeks
and
months
after
the
infection,
accompanied
cognitive
impairment
negatively
affects
daily
life.
Understanding
this
important
development
of
diagnostic
therapeutic
strategies.
Purpose
This
article
aims
to
provide
comprehensive
overview
impairment
in
long-COVID,
including
its
definition,
symptoms,
pathophysiology,
risk
factors,
assessment
tools,
imaging
abnormalities,
potential
biomarkers,
management
strategies,
long-term
outcomes,
future
directions
research.
Methods
The
search
methodology
used
review
aimed
include
wide
range
research
on
related
both
COVID-19
long-COVID.
Systematic
searches
PubMed
Google
Scholar
databases
were
conducted
using
mixture
MeSH
terms
keywords
‘cognition’,
‘cognitive
impairment’,
‘brain
fog’,
‘COVID-19’
‘long-COVID’.
was
restricted
studies
published
English
between
1
January
2019
11
February
2024,
which
presented
findings
neurological
manifestations
human
participants.
Results
Long-COVID
characterized
persistent
following
with
being
prominent
feature.
Symptoms
brain
fog,
difficulties
concentration,
memory
issues,
executive
function
deficits.
Pathophysiological
mechanisms
involve
viral
persistence,
immune
responses,
vascular
damage.
Risk
factors
age,
pre-existing
conditions,
disease
severity.
Cognitive
tools
such
as
Montreal
Assessment
(MoCA)
are
essential
diagnosis.
Imaging
studies,
MRI,
PET,
SPECT,
reveal
structural
functional
alterations.
Potential
biomarkers
C-reactive
protein,
interleukin-6,
neuron-specific
enolase.
Management
strategies
encompass
rehabilitation,
occupational
therapy,
medications,
lifestyle
modifications.
Discussion
poses
multifaceted
challenge,
significantly
impacts
patients’
lives.
A
multidisciplinary
approach,
rehabilitation
medication
when
appropriate,
effective
management.
Future
should
focus
validating
understanding
outcomes.
Conclusion
global
health
concern,
distressing
symptom.
While
pharmacological
interventions
have
potential,
they
require
careful
consideration.
Continued
crucial
improving
treatment
