Fungal Endophytes as Biocontrol Agents against the Main Soil-Borne Diseases of Melon and Watermelon in Spain

Agronomy, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10(6), С. 820 - 820

Опубликована: Июнь 9, 2020

Watermelon and melon crops are affected by some important soil-borne fungal diseases like carbonaceous rot (Macrophomina phaseolina), collapse (Monosporascus cannonballus), or the most pathology at an economic level, Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, F. melonis, solani cucurbitae, Neocosmospora falciformis, N. keratoplastica). The methods commonly used for their control often ineffective, thus new approaches, as use of biological agents, constantly being sought. This work aimed to isolate, identify, test endophytic fungi antagonistic properties against three mentioned diseases. For this, about 350 strains were isolated from asymptomatic watermelon plants. Among these, 7 species selected evaluate potential 14 pathogens. Dual culture assays allowed select two Trichoderma according high inhibition rates observed (up 93%), that further employed in plants, showing pathogens controlled terms disease incidence, exhibiting a decrease up 67% T. lentiforme. In addition, concentrations Epicoccum purpurascens extract was germicide effect, obtaining significant differences growth depending on fermentation parameters.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of Chemical and Alternative Fungicides Applied to Grapevine cv Nebbiolo on Microbial Ecology and Chemical-Physical Grape Characteristics at Harvest

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Май 29, 2020

Viticulture is a cropping system in which treatment against fungal diseases (in particular powdery and downy mildews) can be extremely frequent. Accordingly, reduction antimicrobial treatments the application of environmentally-friendly compounds are becoming increasingly important for more sustainable viticulture. In addition to their effect pathogens, impact these products on quality grapes very oenological industries, but unfortunately at present few data available. We evaluated biocontrol resistance inducers vineyard mechanical properties, microbial ecology, technological phenolic maturity Vitis vinifera "Nebbiolo" harvest. The yield vigor vines were not influenced by treatments, nor production primary secondary metabolites. However, active ingredients properties skin (hardness thickness). A significant hardening was detected when laminarin chito-oligosaccharides used, sulfur induced thickening with potential consequences wine quality. Furthermore, yeast community grape berries treatments. abundance Aureobasidium pullulans, dominant species berry, changed response used. addition, Alternaria sp. reduced some potentially positive safety grapes. This study provides an overview ecology quality, contributing establishment effective defense strategies

Язык: Английский

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Microbial Resources as a Tool for Enhancing Sustainability in Winemaking

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8(4), С. 507 - 507

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2020

In agriculture, the wine sector is one of industries most affected by sustainability issue. It responsible for about 0.3% annual global greenhouse gas emissions from anthropogenic activities. Sustainability in vitiviniculture was firstly linked to vineyard management, where use fertilizers, pesticides and heavy metals a major concern. More recently, contribution winemaking, grape harvest bottling, has also been considered. Several cellar processes could be improved reducing environmental impact whole chain, including microbe-driven transformations. This paper reviews potential microorganisms interactions thereof as natural, environmentally friendly tool improve aspects all along production chain. The main phases identified potentially interesting exploiting microbial activities lower inputs are: (i) pre-fermentative stages, (ii) alcoholic fermentation, (iii) stage between malolactic (iv) (v) stabilization spoilage risk (vi) by-products wastewater treatment. presence proper yeast or bacterial strains, management timing inoculation starter cultures, some appropriate technological modifications that favor selected can lead several positive effects, (among other) energy savings, reduction chemical additives such sulfites, reuse certain residues.

Язык: Английский

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Fungi Detected in the Previous Year’s Leaf Petioles of Fraxinus excelsior and Their Antagonistic Potential against Hymenoscyphus fraxineus

Forests, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(10), С. 1412 - 1412

Опубликована: Окт. 16, 2021

Studies on fungal communities in the previous year’s leaf petioles of Fraxinus excelsior found litter five ash stands southern Poland were made 2017. Fungi identified basis isolation from 300 surface sterilized and by situ inventory fruit bodies (on 600 petioles, spring autumn). Identification was based morphology colonies bodies, sequencing ITS region rRNA gene cluster. In total, 2832 isolates 117 taxa (Ascomycota—100; Basidiomycota—15; Mucoromycota—2 taxa) obtained with method. The most frequent (with frequency >10%) were: Nemania serpens, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, Alternaria sp. 1, Boeremia sp., Helotiales Epicoccum nigrum, Venturia fraxini, Fusarium lateritium, diffusa, Typhula 2 (in descending order). 45 detected Eleven classified as dominant: Leptosphaeria 2, Cyathicula fraxinophila, Hypoderma rubi, Pyrenopeziza petiolaris, coronata, scutula, sclerotioides caudatus. Among 202 colonized H. 177 also showed fructification 26 other fungi. All isolated saprotrophs tested dual-culture assay for antagonism to two strains fraxineus. Three interaction types observed: type A, mutual direct contact, when fungi meet along contact line (occurred 43.3% test fungi); B, inhibition zone between 46.9% C, fungus overgrows colony fraxineus 9.8% fungi). possible contribution limiting expansion which may result reduction inoculum dieback causal agent, is discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Biocontrol potential of wine yeasts against four grape phytopathogenic fungi disclosed by time-course monitoring of inhibitory activities

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Март 7, 2023

Grapes' infection by phytopathogenic fungi may often lead to rot and impair the quality safety of final product. Due concerns associated with extensive use chemicals control these fungi, including their toxicity for environment human health, bio-based products are being highly preferred, as eco-friendlier safer alternatives. Specifically, yeasts have shown possess antagonistic activity against promising formulation new biocontrol products.In this work 397 wine yeasts, isolated from Portuguese regions, were studied potential common grapes fungal genera: Aspergillus, Botrytis, Mucor Penicillium. This set comprised strains affiliated 32 species distributed among 20 genera. Time-course monitoring mold growth was performed assess inhibitory resulting either diffusible or volatile compounds produced each yeast strain. All displayed at least one targets. most affected strongly inhibited 68% tested strains, followed Botrytis (20%), Aspergillus (19%) Penicillium (7%). More notably, approach used allowed detection a wide array yeast-induced response profiles encompassing, besides decrease growth, inhibition delay spore germination complete arrest mycelial extension, even its stimulation different phases. Each factor considered (taxonomic affiliation, mode action target) well interactions significantly isolates. The highest inhibitions mediated compounds. Total achieved strain Metschnikowia pulcherrima, while best performing Mucor, belong Lachancea thermotolerans, Hanseniaspora uvarum Starmerella bacillaris, respectively. Notwithstanding diversity tested, only three found broad spectrum activity, displaying strong very four targets tested. Our results confirm agents, highlighting need establishment fit-for-purpose selection programs depending on target, timing, application.

Язык: Английский

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Biocontrol Activity and Plant Growth Promotion Exerted by Aureobasidium pullulans Strains

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 40(3), С. 1233 - 1244

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2020

Abstract The most common leguminous plants’ diseases are caused by soil-borne pathogens leading to important economic losses worldwide. Strains L1 and L8, belonging Aureobasidium pullulans species, were tested in vitro vivo as biocontrol agents (BCAs) against Rhizoctonia solani ( Rs1 ) (AG-4) plant growth promoters (PGPs). non-volatile metabolites produced L8 strains inhibited the pathogen mycelial 87.9% on average, with no significant differences between two strains. lower diametric inhibition was displayed both yeasts’ volatile (VOCs) that significantly reduced colony of R. , similarly control, an average 10.5%. By assay, showed ability control virulence probably through biofilm formation around bean soybean roots, confirmed scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. spectroscopic analysis highlighted composition compounds: complex carbohydrates (pullulan), degrading enzymes, siderophores antifungals (aureobasidins). Moreover, stimulate stems, leaves investigated, showing these yeasts could have application not only BCAs but also biostimulator.

Язык: Английский

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Biological control of strawberry crown rot, root rot and grey mould by the beneficial fungus Aureobasidium pullulans

BioControl, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 66(4), С. 535 - 545

Опубликована: Март 18, 2021

Abstract Utilization of biocontrol agents is a sustainable approach to reduce plant diseases caused by fungal pathogens. In the present study, we tested effect candidate fungus Aureobasidium pullulans (De Bary) G. Armaud on strawberry under in vitro and vivo conditions control crown rot, root rot grey mould Phytophthora cactorum (Lebert Cohn) Botrytis cinerea Pers, respectively. A dual plate confrontation assay showed that mycelial growth P. B. was reduced 33–48% when challenged A. as compared with treatments. Likewise, detached leaf fruit assays significantly necrotic lesion size leaves disease severity fruits . addition, greenhouse experiments whole plants revealed enhanced efficacy against treated either combination pathogen or pre-treated followed inoculation Our results demonstrate an effective agent pathogens can be alternative chemical-based fungicides.

Язык: Английский

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Indigenous Aureobasidium pullulans Strains as Biocontrol Agents of Botrytis cinerea on Grape Berries

Sustainability, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(16), С. 9389 - 9389

Опубликована: Авг. 21, 2021

Aureobasidium pullulans is a yeast-like fungus found on the surface of grape berries that has been proven to act as biocontrol agent for management grey mould disease caused by Botrytis cinerea. In this work, an indigenous strain A. isolated from and selected according in vitro activity against B. cinerea, was used vineyards winery where it originated, comparison with commercial product containing two strains aim assessing its effectiveness agent. The experimental design included daily meteorological data registration early defoliation grapevines treatments. monitoring plate counts molecular methods well cinerea symptoms bunches performed different trials end flowering harvest time. Results highlighted although no significant differences (p < 0.05) occurrence were detected treatments, mean incidence symptomatic ranged 7 16%, lowest values recorded treated strain. efficacy affected more conditions than practice.

Язык: Английский

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Non-Saccharomyces in Winemaking: Source of Mannoproteins, Nitrogen, Enzymes, and Antimicrobial Compounds

Fermentation, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 6(3), С. 76 - 76

Опубликована: Июль 29, 2020

Traditionally, non-Saccharomyces yeasts have been considered contaminants because of their high production metabolites with negative connotations in wine. This aspect has changing recent years due to an increased interest the use these winemaking process. The majority a low fermentation power, being used mixed fermentations Saccharomyces cerevisiae ability produce enological interest, such as glycerol, fatty acids, organic esters, higher alcohols, stable pigments, among others. Additionally, existing literature reports various compounds derived from cellular structure benefits process, polysaccharides, proteins, enzymes, peptides, amino or antimicrobial compounds, some which, besides contributing improving quality wine, can be source nitrogen for yeasts. These produced exogenously, and later incorporated into uptake directly by S. medium after release via lysis sequential fermentations.

Язык: Английский

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Co-culture fermentation on the production of bacterial cellulose nanocomposite produced by Komagataeibacter hansenii

Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 2, С. 100028 - 100028

Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2020

Bacterial cellulose (BC1) is a biomaterial produced by various strains of microorganisms. BC has improved strength and unique structural properties as compared to plant cellulose, thus many usages in the food pharmaceutical industries. In our previous study, novel co-culture agitated fermentation Komagataeibacter hansenii, producer, with Aureobasidium pullulans, producer pullulan polysaccharide, had been demonstrated where exhibited mechanical properties. Therefore, this study undertaken analyze production under different medium composition using response surface methodology (RSM) shake-flasks benchtop bioreactors. A verified local high point provided 22.4% higher 4.5- 6- folds elastic moduli bioreactors baseline media. Overall, revealed potential co-culturing method enhance while maintaining desired larger scale

Язык: Английский

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