Safe and just Earth system boundaries

Nature, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 619(7968), С. 102 - 111

Опубликована: Май 31, 2023

Abstract The stability and resilience of the Earth system human well-being are inseparably linked 1–3 , yet their interdependencies generally under-recognized; consequently, they often treated independently 4,5 . Here, we use modelling literature assessment to quantify safe just boundaries (ESBs) for climate, biosphere, water nutrient cycles, aerosols at global subglobal scales. We propose ESBs maintaining (safe ESBs) minimizing exposure significant harm humans from change (a necessary but not sufficient condition justice) 4 stricter or sets integrated ESB. Our findings show that justice considerations constrain more than safety climate atmospheric aerosol loading. Seven eight globally quantified least two regional in over half land area already exceeded. our provides a quantitative foundation safeguarding commons all people now into future.

Язык: Английский

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Global diagnosis of nitrate pollution in groundwater and review of removal technologies

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 810, С. 152233 - 152233

Опубликована: Дек. 9, 2021

Clean water and sanitation for the world population is one of most important challenges established by Sustainable Development Goals United Nations since worldwide, in three people do not have access to safe drinking water. Groundwater, main sources fresh water, has been considerably damaged human activities. Nevertheless, while numerous plants are globally aimed at removing pollutants from surface waters, a much scarcer number facilities focused on groundwater remediation. Nowadays, there increasing concern about presence nitrates (NO3−) groundwaters as consequence intensive use fertilizers other anthropogenic sources, such sewage or industrial wastewater discharge. In this context, selection development highly effective low-cost solutions sustainable management resources need be addressed. Thus, work collects data literature regarding groundwater, and, simultaneously, it reviews alternatives available remove NO3− sources. A total 292 sites analyzed categorized continents, carefully discussing possible origins nitrate pollution. addition, discussion carried out different technologies currently employed treat highlighting progress made overcome. Finally, review gathers treatment full-scale.

Язык: Английский

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Direct electrosynthesis of methylamine from carbon dioxide and nitrate

Nature Sustainability, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 4(8), С. 725 - 730

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Tracking nitrate and sulfate sources in groundwater of an urbanized valley using a multi-tracer approach combined with a Bayesian isotope mixing model

Water Research, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 182, С. 115962 - 115962

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2020

Over the past decades, groundwater quality has deteriorated worldwide by nitrate pollution due to intensive use of fertilizers in agriculture, release untreated urban sewage and industrial wastewater, atmospheric deposition. Likewise, is increasingly polluted sulfate domestic, municipal wastewaters, as well through geothermal processes, seawater intrusion, deposition, mineral dissolution, acid rain. The urbanized industrialized Monterrey valley a long record elevated concentrations with multiple potential sources. This study aimed track different sources transformation processes using suite chemical isotopic tracers (δ2H-H2O, δ18O-H2O, δ15N-NO3, δ18O-NO3 δ34S-SO4, δ18O-SO4) combined probability isotope mixing model. Soil nitrogen were found be most important sources, while marine evaporites prominent However, controlled denitrification reduction transition discharge zones. approach followed this useful for establishing effective management strategies contaminated aquifers.

Язык: Английский

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Soil Salinity and Sodicity in Drylands: A Review of Causes, Effects, Monitoring, and Restoration Measures

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9

Опубликована: Авг. 11, 2021

Soil salinization and sodification are common processes that particularly characterize drylands. These can be attributed either to natural conditions or anthropogenic activities. While causes include factors such as climate, lithology, topography, pedology, human mostly related agricultural land-use, specifically, irrigated agriculture. The objective of this study was thoroughly review topic, while highlighting the major challenges opportunities. Over time, extent saline, sodic, saline-sodic croplands has increased, resulting in accelerated land degradation desertification, decreased productivity, consequently jeopardizing environmental food security. Mapping monitoring saline soils is an important management tool, aimed at determining severity processes. Recent developments advanced remote sensing methods have improved efficacy mapping soils. Knowledge on prevention, mitigation, recovery soil salinity sodicity substantially grown over time. This knowledge includes measures for salt flushing leaching, water-saving irrigation technologies, precision fertilizer systems, chemical restoration, organic microbial remediation, phytoremediation affected lands. Of a particular interest development forestry-related means, with afforestation, reforestation, agroforestry, silvopasture practices salt-affected forecasted expansion drylands aggravated drying existing due climatic change emphasize importance topic.

Язык: Английский

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Nitrates/Nitrites in Food—Risk for Nitrosative Stress and Benefits

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 9(3), С. 241 - 241

Опубликована: Март 16, 2020

In the context of impact on human health, nitrite/nitrate and related nitrogen species such as nitric oxide (NO) are a matter increasing scientific controversy. An increase in content reactive may result nitrosative stress-a deleterious process, which can be an important mediator damage to cell structures, including lipids, membranes, proteins DNA. Nitrates nitrites widespread environment occur naturally foods plant origin part cycle. Additionally, these compounds used additives improve food quality protect against microbial contamination chemical changes. Some vegetables raw spinach, beets, celery lettuce considered contain high concentrations nitrates. Due consumption vegetables, they have been identified primary source nitrates diet. Processed meats another our diet because meat industry uses nitrates/nitrites curing process. Although vast majority consumed come from natural fruits rather than additives, there is currently great deal consumer pressure for production products free or with reduced quantities compounds. This because, years, cancer risks considered, since potentially convert into nitrosamines that carcinogenic effects. has resulted development rapid expansion processed plant-derived nitrite alternatives products. On other hand, recently, two ions discussed essential nutrients allow thus help cardiovascular health. Thus, this manuscript reviews main sources dietary exposure nitrites, metabolism nitrites/nitrates, health concerns particular emphasis effect stress, role nitrites/nitrates

Язык: Английский

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Quality Unknown: The Invisible Water Crisis

Washington, DC: World Bank eBooks, Год журнала: 2019, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2019

It was the summer of 1969 and Cuyahoga River on fire. This wasn’t first time river in northern Ohio had burned, it even tenth. Every few years, an errant spark would ignite river, threatening nearby buildings or passing ships. The fire not especially notable for damage caused duration its blaze. But did tinderbox environmental unrest that already been smoldering across country. Within six months fire, U.S. Congress passed National Environmental Policy Act, establishing Protection Agency (EPA). One acts EPA to implement Clean Water Act 1972, which mandated all waterways must be sufficient quality safe swimming aquatic life by 1983. Fifty years on, water issues remain a challenge. Like 1969, many other bodies are some literally, like Meiyu eastern China Bellandur Lake Bangalore, India, has rained ash onto up miles away. Yet most burn imperceptibly, with bacteria, sewage, chemicals, plastics sucking out dissolved oxygen much raging inferno transforming into poison humans ecosystems alike. Understanding this problem impaired just lack information, but also complexity often transcend discipline boundaries, science, health, hydrology, economics, each offering different insights. report brings forth new results illuminate impacts hidden dangers lie beneath water’s surface elucidate strategies combating them. main, though exclusive, focus is parameters tracked Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6.3.2, nutrient loads, salt balances, overall health bodies. demonstrates identified SDG 6.3.2 have wider, deeper, larger than previously known, suggesting need broader beyond indicators sanitation-related contaminants such as fecal coliforms Escherichia coli. Recognizing scope problem, identifying magnitude impacts, formulating ways address these will critical improving public preserving ecosystems, sustaining economic growth throughout twenty-first century.

Язык: Английский

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Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia: Past, Present, and Future

Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 28(4), С. 117 - 124

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2019

Abstract One of the largest human‐caused areas bottom‐water oxygen deficiency in coastal ocean is on northern Gulf Mexico continental shelf adjacent to Mississippi River, which discharges nitrogen and phosphorus loads into its surface waters. The beginnings seasonal hypoxia (≤2 mg l −1 dissolved oxygen) this area was 1950s with an acceleration worsening severity during 1970s. Currently, bottom hypoxic can approach 23,000 km 2 , volume, 140 3 . Ecosystems, people, economies are now at risk within River watershed Mexico. Strengthened mitigation, altered agriculture practices, reduction carbon nutrient footprints key recovery these systems. In article, we review past, present, possible future conditions provide insight management actions.

Язык: Английский

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Nitrate and nitrite contamination in drinking water and cancer risk: A systematic review with meta-analysis

Environmental Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 210, С. 112988 - 112988

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2022

Pollution of water sources, largely from wide-scale agricultural fertilizer use has resulted in nitrate and nitrite contamination drinking water. The effects on human health raised levels are currently unclear.We conducted a systematic review peer-reviewed literature the association with specific focus cancer.We searched eight databases 1 January 1990 until 28 February 2021. Meta-analyses were when studies had same exposure metric outcome.Of 9835 identified search, we found 111 reporting outcomes, 60 which reported cancer outcomes (38 case-control studies; 12 cohort 10 other study designs). Most set USA (24), Europe (20) Taiwan (14), only 3 low middle-income countries. Nitrate (59 studies) was more commonly investigated than (4 studies). Colorectal (15 gastric (13 cancers most reported. In meta-analyses positive cancer, OR = 1.91 (95%CI 1.09-3.33) per mg/L increment ion. We no colorectal (10 1.02 [95%CI 0.96-1.08]) or at any site.We an but site. There is paucity robust settings high pollution Research into this area will be valuable to ascertain true burden need for public policies protect health.

Язык: Английский

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Estimation of nitrate pollution sources and transformations in groundwater of an intensive livestock-agricultural area (Comarca Lagunera), combining major ions, stable isotopes and MixSIAR model

Environmental Pollution, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 269, С. 115445 - 115445

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2020

The identification of nitrate (NO3−) sources and biogeochemical transformations is critical for understanding the different nitrogen (N) pathways, thus, controlling diffuse pollution in groundwater affected by livestock agricultural activities. This study combines chemical data, including environmental isotopes (δ2HH2O, δ18OH2O, δ15NNO3, δ18ONO3), with land use/land cover data a Bayesian isotope mixing model, aim reducing uncertainty when estimating contributions sources. Sampling was taken from 53 sites Comarca Lagunera, northern Mexico, during 2018. results revealed that NO3− (as N) concentration ranged 0.01 to 109 mg/L, more than 32% exceeding safe limit drinking water quality established World Health Organization (10 mg/L). Moreover, according flow path, were observed throughout area: microbial nitrification dominant recharge areas elevated concentrations; transition zones transformations, such as nitrification, denitrification, and/or volatilization, identified, associated moderate whereas discharge area main process affecting concentrations resulting low concentrations. MixSIAR model application manure concentrated animal-feeding operations (∼48%) urban sewage (∼43%) primary contributors pollution, synthetic fertilizers (∼5%), soil organic (∼4%), atmospheric deposition played less important role. Finally, an estimation index (UI90) indicated uncertainties NO3−−fertilizers lowest (0.05 0.07, respectively), while those highest (0.24 0.20, respectively).

Язык: Английский

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