Environments,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11(1), С. 5 - 5
Опубликована: Дек. 26, 2023
The
extensive
use
of
fungicides
causes
their
continuous
release
into
the
environment
through
spraying,
soil
seepage,
leaching,
and
runoff.
It
has
been
observed
that
residues
can
be
found
in
foods
a
variety
environmental
compartments,
such
as
wastewater,
lakes,
rivers,
sediments,
drinking
water
sources
(groundwater
surface
water),
treated
water,
water.
A
sensitive
GC-MS/MS,
using
dynamic
multiple
reaction
monitoring,
an
analytical
method
was
developed
to
determine
10
(azoxystrobin,
boscalid,
captan,
cyproconazole,
cyprodinil,
hexaconazole,
metalaxyl,
myclobutanil,
paclobutrazol,
prochloraz)
solid-phase
extraction
for
sample
preparations
validations
performed
according
SANTE
2019
guidelines.
All
demonstrated
mild
or
medium
matrix
effects
(ME)
ranging
from
40.1%
11.2%.
Their
recoveries
ranged
between
60%
110%.
limits
detection
were
equal
higher
than
0.01
μg/L.
employed
on
18
samples
collected
public
taps
Northern
Evros,
Greece,
distributed
six
sampling
sites.
Azoxystrobin,
cypronidil,
paclobutrazol
mean
concentrations
did
not
surpass
allowable
limit
0.1
μg/L
set
by
EU
any
site.
Hexaconazole
one
site,
while
prochloraz
concentration
showed
exceedances
all
Captan
detected
myclobutanil
permissible
four
presence
fungicide
studied
area
is
mainly
due
occasional
point-sources
pollution
preferential
flow.
Additionally,
risk
pesticides
human
health
assessed
two
different
age
groups.
sum
hazard
quotient
values
each
less
unity.
Consequently,
acute
assessment
procedure
regards
examined
safe.
Nevertheless,
carcinogenic
safe
suggested
USEPA
both
groups,
existence
raises
concerns
about
chronic
toxicity.
Machines,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11(8), С. 774 - 774
Опубликована: Июль 25, 2023
Agriculture
5.0
refers
to
the
next
phase
of
agricultural
development,
building
upon
previous
digital
revolution
in
agrarian
sector
and
aiming
transform
industry
be
smarter,
more
effective,
ecologically
conscious.
Farming
processes
have
already
started
becoming
efficient
due
development
technologies,
including
big
data,
artificial
intelligence
(AI),
robotics,
Internet
Things
(IoT),
virtual
augmented
reality.
Farmers
can
make
most
resources
at
their
disposal
thanks
this
data-driven
approach,
allowing
them
effectively
cultivate
sustain
crops
on
arable
land.
The
European
Union
(EU)
aims
food
systems
fair,
healthy,
environmentally
sustainable
through
Green
Deal
its
farm-to-fork,
soil,
biodiversity
strategies,
zero
pollution
action
plan,
upcoming
use
pesticides
regulation.
Many
historical
synthetic
are
not
currently
registered
EU
market.
In
addition,
continuous
a
limited
number
active
ingredients
with
same
mode
scales
up
pests/pathogens/weed
resistance
potential.
Increasing
plant
protection
challenges
as
well
having
fewer
chemical
apply
require
innovation
smart
solutions
for
crop
production.
Biopesticides
tend
pose
risks
human
health
environment,
efficacy
depends
various
factors
that
cannot
controlled
traditional
application
strategies.
This
paper
disclose
contribution
robotic
ecosystems,
highlighting
both
limitations
technology.
Specifically,
work
documents
current
threats
agriculture
(climate
change,
invasive
pests,
diseases,
costs)
how
robotics
AI
act
countermeasures
deal
such
threats.
Finally,
specific
case
studies
intelligent
analyzed,
architecture
our
decision
system
is
proposed.
Aquatic
macrophytes
can
be
used
for
herbicide
remediation
provided
they
exhibit
tolerance
to
the
contaminants.
This
research
assessed
potential
of
Salvinia
minima,
Echhornia
crassipes,
and
Pistia
stratiotes,
some
common
aquatic
native
Brazil,
their
atrazine,
an
commonly
detected
in
waterbodies.
Plants
were
cultivated
under
controlled
conditions
with
five
atrazine
concentrations
(0,
2,
20,
200,
1000
μg
L-1)
15
days.
S.
minima
E.
crassipes
tolerated
equal
or
less
than
20
L-1
died
at
200
L-1,
indicating
herbicide's
toxicity
its
selectivity
against
sensitive
species.
P.
stratiotes
concentration
up
had
growth
reduced
L-1.
All
species
demonstrated
ability
reduce
water
lower,
being
most
efficient,
reducing
by
43%
22%
2
respectively.
Atrazine
levels
within
Brazilian
(2
CONAMA
2005)
European
(0.1
Directive
2013/33)
regulatory
limits
do
not
selectively
affect
these
Thus,
show
use
arazine
phytoremediation
programs.
Environments,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
12(5), С. 133 - 133
Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2025
Grape
cultivation
is
crucial
due
to
its
significant
dietary
benefits
and
the
production
of
various
byproducts.
Fungicides,
like
boscalid,
are
frequently
applied
protect
grape
crops
from
several
disease,
ensuring
both
yield
quality.
However,
excessive
or
inappropriate
application
boscalid
may
pose
health
risks
humans.
Therefore,
objectives
this
field
study
were
(a)
assess
pre-harvest
interval
(PHI)
dissipation
in
two
table-grape
varieties
(Soultanina
Crimson)
under
conditions
(b)
evaluate
potential
associated
with
consumption
for
adults
children.
The
residue
grapes
was
determined
using
a
modified
QuEChERS
method
coupled
high-performance
liquid
chromatography
diode
array
detector
(HPLC–DAD).
followed
first-
second-order
kinetics,
half-lives
ranging
3.32
6.42
days
PHIs
8.11
10.90
days.
risk
assessment
indicated
that
early
mid-post
period
could
age
groups,
children
facing
three
times
adults.
Environmental Sciences Europe,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
36(1)
Опубликована: Июнь 15, 2024
Abstract
Background
Overuse
of
pesticides
is
a
major
worldwide
problem
for
the
environment
and
human
health.
Atrazine
(ATR)
synthetic
triazine
herbicide
that
typically
used
to
manage
crops
although
it
was
banned
many
years
ago,
detected
frequently
with
high
persistence
in
aquatic
environments.
This
study
assesses
health
risks,
temporal
patterns
spatial
distribution
ATR
its
degradation
products
(DPs)
Sele
River
estuary
within
Southern
European
context..
It
specifically
investigates
their
occurrence
water
dissolved
phase
(WDP),
suspended
particulate
matter
(SPM),
sediment.
Results
Sampling
conducted
across
10
sites
throughout
year’s
four
seasons.
Amounts
DPs
ranged
from
20.1
96.5
ng
L
−1
WDP,
5.4
60.2
SPM,
4.7
19.8
g
sediment
samples,
signifying
some
pollution
levels.
Spatial
mechanisms
revealed
southward
movement
mouth,
intensifying
during
rainy
season.
In
this
area,
risk
evaluation
also
carried
out.
No
sample
contained
or
concentrations
above
recommended
limits,
which
pose
Non-carcinogenic
Carcinogenic
risk.
The
environmental
low.
Additionally,
determined
Incremental
lifetime
cancer
(ILCR)
value
allowable
range.
Conclusion
Despite
long-standing
prohibition,
investigate
levels
sediments
Europe.
Beyond
simply
delineating
status
River,
research
delineates
ecological
repercussions
on
Thyrrenian
Sea,
providing
essential
data
norms
laws
related
contamination.
Graphical
Water,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
14(22), С. 3790 - 3790
Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2022
Herbicides
have
contributed
to
increased
agricultural
production.
However,
their
residual
amount
can
cause
negative
effects
on
environmental
and
public
health.
Therefore,
this
work
aimed
determine
the
occurrence
of
both
atrazine
diuron
in
surface
well
water
investigate
link
with
drinking
use.
The
samples
were
collected
during
dry
rainy
seasons
three
wells
from
a
river
pond
located
low
plains
Ixcatepec
catchment,
at
Amacuáhuitl
community
municipality
Arcelia,
Guerrero
State,
center
south
México,
which
is
rural
where
farming
main
activity.
compounds
obtained
by
solid
phase
extraction
determined
HPLC-MS
quadrupole
positive
electrospray
ionization
mode.
A
geomorphic
analysis
was
conducted
inside
catchment
using
digital
elevation
model
Shuttle
Radar
Topography
Mission,
SRTM-v4.
human
risk
for
calculated
according
Hazard
Quotient.
concentrations
between
5.77
402
ng
L−1.
Atrazine
most
abundant
frequent
pesticide
found
an
average
concentration
105.18
L−1,
while
that
86.56
highest
levels
Ushe,
likely
being
result
lowest
flow
stagnation
water,
cold-dry
season
consequence
mobilization
irrigation
runoff.
morphological
indicated
mainly
reached
body
lower
surfaces
cultivated
areas.
linked
agriculture
activity
within
community.
chemical
properties
compounds,
crop
irrigation,
conditions
could
be
contributing
dispersion
amounts
herbicides
hydrological
system.
estimation
showed
generate
health
problems
children
Azul
as
source
water.
Environments,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
11(1), С. 18 - 18
Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2024
The
use
of
selective
herbicides
is
one
the
best
methods
for
weed
management.
However,
extensive
can
have
adverse
impacts
on
non-target
organisms.
goals
this
study
were
to
assess
dissipation
kinetics,
leaching,
and
ecological
risk
assessment
S-metolachlor
benfluralin
residues
in
silty
loam
soil
planted
with
chickpea
(Cicer
arietinum
L.).
experimental
setup
included
four
different
layers
replications
corresponding
an
randomized
complete
block
design
consisting
16
plots.
application
doses
1350
1920
g
a.i./ha,
respectively,
according
manufacturer
recommendations.
Soil
samples
split
into
depths,
0
20
cm
(Layer
A),
40
B),
60
C),
80
D),
determine
kinetics
leaching
behavior
herbicides.
Gas
chromatography
coupled
electron
capture
detector
(GC-ECD)
method
was
developed
validated
determination
soil.
analytes
extracted
from
distilled
water
ethyl
acetate
followed
by
solid-phase
extraction
(SPE).
limit
quantification
(LOQ)
0.1
μg/g,
recoveries
ranges
81%
97%
88%
101%,
relative
standard
deviations
(RSD)
less
than
9.7%.
(0–20
cm)
first-order
half-lives
21.66
30.13
days,
respectively.
results
obtained
20–80
profile
showed
that
both
presented
high
following
preferential
flow.
Also,
a
conducted
top
0–20
profile,
estimating
toxicity–exposure
ratio
(TER)
organisms
quotient
(RQ).
mean
herbicide
levels
found
at
studied
days
(2
h)
experiment
used
assessment.
In
first
case,
pesticide
concentration
(MPC)
gives
worst-case
scenario
(ws);
second
(ds)
given
using
respective
MPC.
all
cases,
TER
RQ
values
corresponds
higher
